1. 贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken 2. 富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off 3. 优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding
4. 积极的，好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous 5. 消极的，不良的：bad = detrimental= baneful =undesirable 6. 明显的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest 7. 健康的: healthy = robust = sound = wholesome
8. 惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous 9. 美丽的：beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = eye-catching 10. 有活力的：energetic = dynamic = vigorous =animated 11. 流行的： popular = prevailing = prevalent= pervasive ★动词：
1. 提高，加强：improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize 2. 引起：cause = trigger = endanger
3. 解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with 4. 拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate 5. 培养: develop = cultivate = foster = nurture
6. 激发，鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur 7. 认为： think = assert= hold = claim = argue 8. 完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve 9. 保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold
10. 有害于：destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize 11. 减轻: ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten ★名词：
1. 影响：influence= impact 2. 危险：danger = perils =hazard 3. 污染：pollution = contamination
4. 人类：human beings= mankind = human race
5. 老人： old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens 6. 幸福：happiness = cheerfulness = well-being 7. 老师：teachers = instructors = educators = lecturers
8. 教育：education = schooling = family parenting = upbringing 9. 青少年：young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents 10. 优点：advantage = merits = superiority = virtue 11. 责任： responsibility = obligation = duty = liability 12. 能力： ability = capacity = power = skill 13. 职业： job = career = employment = profession
14. 娱乐： enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment 15. 孩子： children = offspring = descendant= kid ★短语：
1. 充满了：be filled with = be awash with = be inundate with = be saturated with 2. 努力：struggle for = aspire after = strive for = spare no efforts for 3. 从事： embark on = take up = set about = go in for
4. 在当代: in contemporary society = in present-day society= in this day and age 5. 大量的: a host of = a multitude of = a vast number of = a vast amount of （二）
1.individuals,characters, folks替换(people ,persons)
2: positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising(有希望的) perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替换good
3: dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换bad, 如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换 eg. An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation, as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive.
4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替换many. 注：用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。
Eg. Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that…. 同理用most, if not all,替换most. 5: a slice of, quiet a few , several替换some
6: harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that)替think(因为是书面语，所以要加that) 7:affair ,business ,matter 替换thing 8: shared 代 common
9.reap huge fruits 替换get many benefits )
10: for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion 11: Increasing(ly),growing 替换more and more
( 注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词，副词用increasingly. Eg.sth has gained growing popularity. Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth. 12.little if anything, 或little or nothing替换hardly 13..beneficial, rewarding替换helpful,
14.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser, 替换customer 15.exceedingly,extremely, intensely 替换very
16.hardly necessary, hardly inevitable ... 替换 unnecessary, avoidable
17.sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in
18.capture one's attention替换attract one's attention. 19.facet,demension,sphere代aspect
20.be indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of代 indicate, suggest ,fear 21.give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换cause. 22. There are several reasons behind sth替换..reasons for sth 23.desire 替换want
24.pour attention into 替换pay attention to 25.bear in mind that 替换remember
26. enjoy, possess 替换have(注意process是过程的意思) 27. interaction替换communication 28.frown on sth替换 be against , disagree with sth
29.to name only a few, as an example替换 for example, for instance 30. next to / virtually impossible,替换nearly / almost impossible
1.With the help of 在～～帮助下 under the leadership / care of 在～～领导／关心下 2.be strict with sb. 对～人要求严格 be strict in sth. 对～事要求严格 3. at present=at the present time 目前 for the present 暂时 4. in the sun/sunshine 在阳光下 under the sun 在世界上 5. lie in 位于～～之内 lie on 同～～接壤 lie to 位于～～之外
6. at least 至少 in the least 丝毫，一点
7. by name 名叫
in the name of 以～～名义
8. in the air 空中，在流传 on the air 播出 9. in the way 挡路，障碍，用～～方法 in a way 在某点上，在某种程度上 get one’s own way to do 随心所欲 give way 让步，屈服 lose one’s way 迷路 by the way 顺便说一下
on one’s way to 在去～～的路上 Come this way 这边走
10. at the corner 在拐角处（外角） in the corner 在角落里（内角） on the corner 在角落上（外角上） 11. judge by / from 根据～～来判断 judge for oneself 由某人自己来判断 12. at the end (of) 在～～结束时 at the beginning of 在～～开始时 at the back of 在～～背后，支持 at the age of ～～岁时 at the foot of 在～～脚下 at the bottom of 在～～底部 at the top of 在～～顶上 at/on the edge of 在～～边上 13. in the course of 在～～过程中
in the eyes of 从～～观点看来，在～～眼里 in the face of 面对～，尽管，纵使
1. 以break为中心的词组 break away from 脱离，逃离
break down 破坏，粉碎；瓦解；出故障，抛锚break in 闯进，打断；使顺服 break into 闯入；强行进入；突然开始
in the middle of 在～中间 in the end =at last=finally 最后 14. on the eve of 在～～前夕 on the side of 在～～一边
15. after a time = after some time 过一段时间后 for a time = for some time 一时，有一段时间 16. behind time 迟到，过期 behind the times 落在时代后面 17. at no time 决不 in no time 立即，马上
18. at one time = once time 曾经 at a time = each time 每次 at times = sometimes 有时 at all times 经常，一直，始终 at the same time 同时 at the time 在～～的时候 by the time 到～～的时候 19. for a moment 一会儿 for the moment 暂时 at the moment 当时
the moment /minute /instance 正当～～一刹那 20. once or twice 一两次 more than once 不止一次 once more 重新，又 once upon a time 从前 once in a while 偶尔
break out 爆发，发生；准备使用；起锚 break the law 违反法律 break the record 破记录 break one’s promise 失言
break up 开垦，破碎；解散，分开，分解
2. 以catch为中心的词组 be caught doing 被发现做某事 be caught in the rain 淋雨 catch a bus/train 赶汽车/火车 catch a cold 伤风，感冒 catch one’s word 听懂某人的话 catch sight of 发现，瞥见 catch up with 赶上，追及，追上 3. 以come为中心的词组
come across 偶尔发现，想起；越过；偿付 come along 一道来，陪伴；进步，进展；出现come at 达到，求得，得到；扑向，袭击 come back 回来；恢复，复原 come down 倒下；降落；跌落；病倒 come from 来自，起源于，从~~产生，生于 come in 进来，进入；流行起来；获名次 come into being 发生，产生，出现，形成 come into power 开始执政，当权，当选 come into use 开始使用，获得应用 come on 上演；开始；赶快；发展；登台； （问题）被提出
come to know 开始了解到
come out 出来，传出；出版；结果是； 褪色；（秘密）泄露
come to 苏醒，复原；共计；达到；归结于 come to an end 终止，结束 come true 实现，成为现实；证实 come up 走近；上楼；长出，发芽 4. 以do为中心的词组 be done in 精疲力竭 be done with 完全结束 do a good deed 做一件好事
do away with 去掉，废除；弄死；浪费
do good to (=do sb. good) 有益于 do harm to (=do sb. good) 有害于 do its work 有效，有作用 do much 极有用 do wrong to 做错
do one’s best 尽某人最大努力 do one’s homework 做作业 do one’s utmost 尽力而为 do proud 足以使~~骄傲 do sb. justice 公平对待某人
do some cleaning (V+ing, etc.) 搞卫生 do sb. a favor 帮助某人 do well in 学得不错，干得漂亮 do with 和~~相处，忍受，处理 do without 不需要，不用 do wonders 创造奇迹
have much to do with 和~~很有关系 have nothing to do with 与~~无关 have something to do with 和~~有关 in doing so=in so doing 这时，在这种情况下 That will do. 行了；够了 5. 以get为中心的词组
get about 徘徊，走动，旅行；流传 get above oneself 自视高傲
get accustomed to 习惯于，对~~习以为常 get across 度过，通过，横过；说服，使理解 get ahead of 胜过，超过
get along 前进，进步；同意；离去 get along with 与~~相处 get at 发现，了解；掌握；攻击 have got to do 不得不，必须 get away 离开，逃脱 get back 取回，回来；报复 get behind 落后；识破
get down 咽下；写下；使沮丧，使抑郁 get down to 认真对待，静下心来 get familiar with 熟悉 get hold of 获得，取得 get home 到家
get in 进入，陷入；牵涉
get off 送走；脱下（衣服）；下车；动身 get on 上车；穿上；进步，使前进；成功；相处get upon with 进步；在~~方面获得成功 get one’s hand in 熟悉；习惯
get out of 由~~出来，从~~得出；避免；退休 get over 越过；恢复，痊愈；克服；完成 get ready for 为~~作准备
get rid of 除去，去掉；免除，摆脱 get through 到达，完成，通过；及格
get together 积聚，积累；商谈，取得一致意见 get up 起床，起立；研究，钻研；致力于；安排，组织
get used to 习惯于 6. 以give为中心的词组 be given to 沉溺于，癖好 give about 分配；传播 give and take 相互迁就
give away 赠送；牺牲；泄露；颁发 give back 归还
give cause 给予~~的理由 give ear to 侧耳倾听 give forth 发出，放出；发表 give in 屈服，让步，投降 give in to 同意，接受；向~~让步 give off 发出（烟，气味） give oneself out to be/as 自称为 give oneself up to 专心于；向~~自首
give out 分发，公布
give place to 让位于，被~~所替代 give rise to 引起，导致；使~~发生 give sb. to understand 通知某人 give up 放弃；停止
give way to 让步，退却；屈服于 7. 以look为中心的词组 look about 四下环顾；查看 look after 照顾，看管 look around 东张西望 look at 注视，着眼于 look back 回顾
look for 寻找；期待，期望 look down on 俯视；轻视 look forward to 盼望，期待 look into 窥视；调查；浏览 look like 看起来象 look on 旁观；面向
look out 向外看；注意；当心，堤防 look over 从上面看过去；检查 look through 透过~~看去；看穿；浏览 look up to 仰望，尊敬 8. 以make为中心的词组 be made from 由~~原料制成 be made of 由~~材料制成 be made up of 由~~组成 make a fool of 愚弄，欺骗 make a mistake 弄错
make a point of doing 强调；认为~~重要；决心，坚持
make advantages/use of 使用，利用 make after 追求，追赶 make believe 假装
make certain 确信，把~~弄清楚
make contact with 接通，与~~接触，与~~联系 make for 去向，向~~前进；有利于 make friends with 和~~交友 make into 把~~制成，使~~转变为 make much of 重视；理解；赏识 make one’s mind on sth. 决定某事 make one’s own 当作自己的看待
1.be on show / display / play / sale / strike / duty / trial
make oneself at home 随便，别拘束 make out 填写；开支票；理解；辨认 make the best of 尽量利用；极为重视 make up 弥补，修理；赔偿，补偿；起草； 编造；化装
make up to 接近，巴结；向~~求爱 make way for 为~~让路，让路于 on the make 急求成功；增加
2. be of value / importance / use / no use / color / age / size / height / weight / significance 3. to one’s joy / surprise / pleasure / astonishment / sorrow / delight 4. in surprise / wonder / alarm / terror / horror / delight
5. by air / bicycle / boat / bus / car / letter / post / plane / telephone / train / wire 6. at daybreak / sunrise / dawn / noon/ dark / night 7. out of breath / control / question / sight
8. in fact / reality / substance / nature / practice / theory / short / brief / a word / detail / all / average / full / time / fashion / existence / turn / vain / haste / appearance / common / sum/
general / particular / public / secret / order / part / power / stock / case / bed / future / name / addition / sight 9. on duty / shift / holiday / leave / business / purpose / time / sale / show / board / hand / record / request / root / earth / farm / principle
10. for example / instance / all / good / nothing / convenience / short / fear / sale
11. by weight ( volume size number~~ ) / profession / definition / rule / turn / chance/ accident/ mistake / hand / train ( bus ,taxi ,ship ,boat ~~) / air / land / force / day / nature / sight
12. at most / least / best / worst / once / first / last / home / school / will ( at will:任意) / work / night / midnight / daybreak / dawn / present / length / large
13. as above / below / following / over / usual / before / a matter of fact 14. above all / measure / normal 15. before all / long / time / now / then 16. after all / class / school
17. out of action / order / condition / use / operation / step / joint / repair/ gear / balance / range/ doubt / date / danger / hand / shape / place / question / stock /
18. with caution / interest / difficulty / ease / advantage / effect / reason / vigor / reserve / success / confidence
19. beyond comprehension / conception / description / expression / doubt / control / reach / power / measure / grasp / compare / controversy / dispute / hope / example 20. under age / discussion / test / way / repair
表示强调的连接词
still, Indeed, apparently, oddly enough, of course, after all, significantly, interestingly, also, above all, surely, certainly, undoubtedly, in any case, anyway, above all, in fact, especially. Obviously, clearly. 表示比较的连接词
like, similarly, likewise, in the same way, in the same manner, equally. 表示对比的连接词
by contrast, on the contrary, while, whereas, on the other hand, unlike, instead, but, conversely, different from, however, nevertheless, otherwise, whereas, unlike, yet, in contrast. 表示列举的连接词
for example, for instance, such as, take ...for example. Except (for), to illustrate. 表示时间的连接词
later, next, then, finally, at last, eventually, meanwhile, from now on, at the same time, for the time being, in the end, immediately, in the meantime, in the meanwhile, recently, soon, now and then, during, nowadays, since, lately, as soon as, afterwards, temporarily, earlier, now, after a while. 表示顺序的连接词
first, second, third, then, finally, to begin with, first of all, in the first place, last, next, above all, last but not the least, first and most important. 表示可能的连接词
presumably, probably, perhaps. 用于解释的连接词
in other words, in fact, as a matter of fact, that is, namely, in simpler terms. 表示递进的连接词
What is more, in addition, and, besides, also, furthermore, too, moreover, furthermore, as well as, additionally, again. 表示让步的连接词
although, after all, in spite of..., despite, even if, even though, though, admittedly, whatever may happen. 表示转折的连接词
however, rather than, instead of, but, yet, on theother hand, unfortunately. whereas 表示原因的连接词
for this reason, due to, thanks to, because, because of, as, since, owing to. 表示结果的连接词
as a result, thus, hence, so, therefore, accordingly, consequently, as consequence. 用于总结的连接词
on the whole, in conclusion, in a word, to sum up, in brief, in summary, to conclude, to summarize, in short. 其他类型连接词
Mostly, occasionally, currently, naturally, mainly, exactly, evidently, frankly, commonly, for this purpose, to a large extent, for most of us, in many cases, in this case,
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