职称英语理工类A级-37_真题-无答案

职称英语理工类A级-37 (总分100,考试时间90分钟)

第1部分：词汇选项

下面每个句子中均有一个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定一个意义最为接近的选项

1. The proper procedure contributed to the satisfying outcome.A. result B. assessment C. estimation D. sources

2. I have been trying to give up smoking.A. give off B. put up C. quit D. accept

3. I don't why everything around me is going into confusion.A. consideration B. puzzle C. attraction D. contradiction

4. She was so grateful to him and decided to marry him.A. careful B. useful C. hopeful D. thankful

5. The son was so concerned about the illness of his father.A. serious B. happy

C. lucky D. worded

6. The boy is too young to discriminate right from wrong.A. infer B. access C. distinguish D. recognize

7. You have to make sure that you have chosen a secure solution.A. clear B. secret C. advisable D. safe

8. They have the capability to complete the task in a week.A. possibility B. competence C. courage D. mixture

9. The little boy employed an unexpected method to gel the result.A. adapted B. adopted C. assigned D. appointed

10. He is suspicious about her motivation to attend the party.A. sure B. angry C. doubtful D. worded

11. I have extreme sense of happiness at this moment.A. hope B. wish C. feeling D. dream

12. He has become a celebrity because of his wonderful performance in the play.A. director B. actor C. star

D. film-maker

13. The man has acquired an important status in **pany.A. caught B. attached C. compressed D. obtained

14. He strange clothes and make-up really astonished the people at the partyA. attached B. shocked C. attracted D. shifled

15. It will be full of hazards on the way to success.A. hopes B. dangers C. helps D. dreams

第2部分：阅读判断

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果陔句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句信息文中没有提及，请选择C

3. Will Anyone Watch 3-D TV?

Mark the calendar: 2010 might be the year that TV's final frontier gets broken. Announced in early September, the newest models in the offing (马上就来临的) for late 2010 from Sony and Panasonic are bringing 3-D HDTV (高消晰度电视) into the home. That is, if you're willing to wear the glasses.

Yes, glasses. They're not quite the flimsy red-and-blue-cellophane (玻璃纸) getups that they

used to be, but the Sony and Panasonic models still require you to wear a pair of shades to observe the effect. How can TV manufacturers convince you that seeing shows in 3-D is worth the annoyance of having to wear a pair of specs (眼镜)?

The first way is by making the technology way better. After all. 3-D entertainment is nothing new. The early 1950s were flooded with 3-D movies, and the technology has made an **eback ever since. Each time, though, it's done in by the **plaints: poor image quality and headaches and eyestrain from extended viewing. Early reviews of the new models from Sony and Panasonic suggest they've solved the problem. Both use glasses that contain tiny shutters (快门), opening and closing at 120 frames per second, in sync with (与……同步)the image on the screen to give the illusion of depth. It's a new approach that gives users a wider viewing angle, another weakness of older approaches.

All this would be pointless if the entertainment industry weren't also taking a new look at 3-D, The recent spate (一阵) of 3-D movies on the big screen-G-Force, Monsters vs Aliens and My Bloody Valentine all had 3-D debuts this year-foreshadows (预示) a similar spurt on the small screen. Blu-ray discs, which have the storage capacity necessary for high-definition 3-D content, and their players are becoming more affordable, and Panasonic is working with movie studios to release 3-D editions of movies, timed to coincide with the first group of TVs. Broadcast networks are paying close attention too-ESPN broadcast the Sept. 12 USC vs. Ohio State college-football game in 3-D as a pilot test. and in Britain there are already stations dedicated to 3-D content.

But still. The glasses! The headgear(盔)necessary to watch modem 3-D TVs remains bulky-and, well, ugly-but Luxottica, maker of Ray-Ban, is working on a solution tot that. **pany plans to release 3-D glasses modeled after Ray-Ban's classic Wayfarer (徙步旅行者) shades. giring even the style-conscious enthusiast little reason to resist 3-D.

16. Sony and Panasonic will bring 3-D HDTV into the home in 2010. A. Right B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

17. Most people believe that seeing shows in 3-D is not worth the trouble of having to wear a pair of glasses. A. Right B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

18. The 3-D entertainment industry is a brand new business. A. Right B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

19. Poor image quality, headaches and eyestrain from extended viewing are **plaints from 3.D movie views. A. Right B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

20. The entertainment industry is taking a new look at 3-D to put a number of 3-D movies on the

show. A. Right B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

21. 3-D movies and TVs will replace the present normal movies and TVs in the next decade. A. Right B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

22. Style-conscious enthusiasts will definitely resist 3-D TVs because of the big and ugly 3-D glasses. A. Right B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个最佳标题：(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

Volts from the Sky

1. Lightning has caused awe and wonder since old times. Although Benjamin Franklin demonstrated lightning as enorlnous electrical discharge more than 200 years ago, many puzzles still surround this powerful phenomenon.

2. Lightning is generated when electrical charges separate in rain clouds, though processes are still not fully understood. Typically, positive charges build at the cloud top, while the boaom becomes negatively charged. In most instances of cloud-to-ground lightning, the negatively charged lower portion of the cloud repels negatively charged particles on the ground's surfaces, making it become positively charged. The positive charge on the ground gathers at elevated points. 3. A flow of electrons begins between the cloud and earth. Widen the voltage charge becomes large enough, it breaks through the insulating harrier of air, and electrons zigzag earthward. We see the discharge as lightning.

4. Lightning can occur within a cloud, between clouds, or between clouds and the ground. The first variety, intra-cloud lightning, is the most frequent hut is often hidden from our view. Cloud-to-ground lightning, making up about 20 percent of lightning discharges, is what we usually see, **es in several forms, including sheet, ribbon, and ball. Intra-cloud lightning can illuminate a cloud so it looks like a white sheet, hence its name. When cloud-to-ground lightning occurs during strong winds, they can shift the lightning channel sideways, so it looks like a ribbon. The average lightning strike is more than 3 miles long and can travel at a tenth of the speed of light. Ball lightning, the rarest and most mysterious form, derives its name from the small luminous ball that appears near the impact point, moves horizontally, anti lasts for several seconds.

5. Thunder is generated by the tremendous heat released in a lightning discharge. Temperatures near the discharge can reach as high as 50,000°F within thousandths of a second. This sudden heating acts as an explosion, generating shock waves we hear as thunder.

6. About 2,000 thunderstorms are occurring in the world at any time, generating about 100 lighting strikes every second, or 8 million daily. Within the United States, lightning strikes are estimated at 20 million a year, or about 22,000 per day. You have a 1-in-600,000 chance of bring struck by lightning during your lifetime. Lightning can strike twice or more in the same spot. The Empire State Building in New York is struck by lightning about two dozen times annually.

7. You can measure how far yon are from a lightning strike by counting the seconds between viewing the flash and hearing the bang, and then dividing by five. This approximates the mileage.

A. Cloud-to-ground lightning occurring in the U. S. B. Types of lightning C. Cause of lighruing

D. Differences between thunder and thunderstorm

E. Frequencies of thunderstorms occurring in the world and the U. S. F. Shockwaves as thunder

23. Paragraphs 2 and 3 ______. 24. Paragraph 4 ______. 25. Paragraph 5 ______. 26. Paragraph 6 ______. A. occurs most infrequently

B. is shifted sideways by strong winds C. is often hidden from our view

D. is equipped with a good knowledge of various forms of lightning E. is estimated at 20 millions a year F. is positively charged

27. In most cases of infra-cloud lightning, the ground's surface ______. 28. One form of lightning that ______ is hall lightning.

29. Cloud lightning looks like a ribbon when its lighting channel ______. 30. Although not fully understanding processes of lightning, man ______.

第4部分：阅读理解

下面有3篇短文，文后有5道题。请根据短文内容为每题定一个最佳选项。

Why More Fertilizer Harms Plant Diversity

The 35-year-old mystery of why fertilizers decrease biodiversity has finally been solved. The secret? They **petition for sunlight. Adding fertilizers 1o grasslands increases the productivity of plants, but leads to a major drop in biodiversity.

The amount of nitrogen(氮) and phosphorus(磷) available to plants has doubled in the last 50

years, but the reason why this has harmed diversity has not been easy to answer. The debate has centred on whether fertilizers **petition above or below ground-for sunlight or soil resources? To resolve the argument, Yann Hautier and Andy Hector from the University of Zurich, Switzerland built their own experimental **munity from scratch. Hautier's team grew 32 **munities for tour years, before transferring them to a glass house. ****prised four different sets of six species. Half were fertilized, the others were left unfertilized. Half of each of these sets had light added, using a system of three fluorescent tubes that were raised as the canopy grew, while the other half were left to grow in normal light conditions.

After two years, the sets that were fertilized in normal light conditions showed a significant increase in productivity anti biomass, but lost around one-third of their species **pared to the unfertilized groups. Those that were fertilized and given additional light showed no significant loss of diversity.

To uncover whether **petition for root space had any influence on biodiversity, the team added two new species of plant at the beginning of the second year. The roots of half these plants were contained in plastic tubes, which prevented any below-**petition: the other half were left exposed.

Removing below, **petition from fertilized plots had no detectable impact on the mortality (死亡率) of the seedlings (幼苗), compared to those that were exposed to full **petition, says Hautier.

\"In the fertilized groups without additional light, there was no difference with or without the root-tube-they died both ways. Even if we **petition below ground, these plants are unable to grow. \"

Drew Purves, a computational ecologist from Microsoft Research Cambridge is impressed with the team's findings. \"This is a rare example of a simple experiment providing an unambiguous answer to an important ecological question. If these results are general to temperate grasslands-which seems likely-then we can start to develop more targeted policies to offset (补偿, 抵消) one of the most important sources of diversity loss in grasslands. \\

31. The debate on the reason why fertilizers decrease biodiversity has centred on

A. whether they can increase the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus available to plants. B. whether they increase **petition between plants for sunlight or for soil resources. C. whether adding fertilizers can really increase plant productivity.

D. whether the biodiversity drops due to the fertilizes or some plants die of other reasons. 32. What did Hauntier's team do in their study?

A. They grew 32 **munities for tour years and then transferred them to a house. B. They grew four sets of six different species and fertilized them.

C. They add light to halt of these sets, and left the other half growing in normal light conditions. D. They put the **munities in different glass houses and observed them separately. 33. The scientists found in the experiment that

A. the sets that were fertilized in normal light were more productive and diverse. B. the fertilized plants with added light also lost their biodiversity.

C. below-**petition had no significant impact on the biodiversity of plants. D. the more fertilizer yon use the more active the plants ar

34. The fertilized plants with additional light outperformed the fertilized plants in that A. they kept their biodiversity as at the beginning of the experiment. B. they were more active and grew to be bigger.

C. not a single plant in the group died in the process of the experiment. D. they kept their biodiversity and grew to be bigger at the same tim 35. What does Drew Purves think of the study and its findings?

A. It is a simple experiment but provides convincing reason for diversity loss. B. These findings are not likely to be general in temperate grasslands.

C. These findings may be helpful for us to prevent diversity loss in most areas of the world. D. The study lasted too long and didn't reach any conclusion about diversity loss. Is the Internet Broken?

Google's Gmail system, which serves millions of customers around the world, shut down yesterday. Twitter, the micro-blogging service used by tens of millions of people, went off-line last month. It blamed the trouble on a malicious programmer in Russia who was trying to shut down the account of a user in neighboring Georgia. It is astonishing the local actions of a small number of programmers call bring an entire Internet service to its knees, but that have been the case.

The Internet as it is set up now operates at three levels. The first is the servers that store data and content for use by customers. Google and other **panies keep massive server farms. These are well-protected from outside programmers by sophisticated software, but clearly that does not always work. The protection devices may fail more and more often as hackers get more skillful. The second part of the Interact is the \"pipes\" that carry data, video, e-mail messages, and text of websites **panies such as Google, Yahoo!, and Twirler, that make up Interact content and services to customers. Some of these\" pipe\" providers, specifically ** and **panies, are **plaining that the amount of data that they have to move is rising too rapidly for them to accommodate. Video files, which are particularly large, have posed significant problems to **panies.

The last piece of the Interact is the end user, **panies and consumers who have tire PCs. Perversely, these PCs are also the tools by which hackers build malicious code that they send out to compromise the effectiveness of the servers to destroy the data transport system which is at the core of the worldwide web's operations.

The problem of online outages is as old as the internet itself, AOL's dial-up 56k service would go down regularly in the mid-1990s. **pany did not have enough modems to keep up with demand.

The Internet for the last decade may not be the Internet for tire future. The prophylactic software that was meant to protect the web is less effective. Like anything else that is used regularly whether it is a car, a light bulb, or a PC, the Internet is going to have to be upgraded more often now. It won't work every hour of every day anymore.

36. What is the main purpose of the first paragraph?

A. To criticize that Google and Twitter provide poor service. B. To remind people of the danger in using emails.

C. To present a fact that the internet is not stable all the time. D. To display the hacker's skills in damaging the internet.

37. According to the passage, which description about internet is right?

A. The internet operates at three levels, all of which are servers kept by internet operators. B. The servers are so well protected that they are seldom hit by hackers.

C. The demand for improving protection devices is urgent as hackers get more and more skillful. D. Google and Twitter keep large farms for customers.

38. According to the passage, what is main problem that **panies face now?

A. There are more and more **panies to compete in the internet operation market.

B. The amount of data they have to move is rising while their accommodation is not increased so quickly.

C. The videos files damage the. pipes that are used to transporting the information.

D. ** and **panies have too much content to provide that they need to enlarge their pipes. 39. According to the passage, why the PCs can he the tools to destroy the internet system? A. Because there are too many PCs while the internet system resources are limited.

B. Because the PCs are weak in receiving data which makes the internet is overcrowded with data. C. Because hackers can use the PCs to send harmful code to reduce the effectiveness of servers. D. Because the worldwide web's transportation can be broken down by PCs. 40. What can NOT be inferred from the passage?

A. Usually, the demand for interact is greater than that can be provided. B. Internet, like a car, needs to be upgraded to meet the higher demand on it. C. It is common that the intemet won't work properly now and then. D. There is no great demand of interact access in 1950s in the U. S. Sleep Now, Remember Later

How sleep helps US consolidate memories is still largely a mystery. A recent study from the University of Liibeck, in Germany, offers one clue-Subjects were given a list of 46 word pairs to memorize, just before sleep. Then when they reached the deepest stages of sleep, electrical currents were sent through electrodes on their\" heads to induce very slow brain waves. Such slow waves were induced at random in the brains of one group of subjects, but not another.

The next morning, the slow-wave group had better recall of the words. Other types of memory were no| improved, and inducing the slow waves later in the night did not have the same eftect. Why and how the slow waves improved memory is not yet understood, but they are thought to alter the strengths of chemical connections, or synapses, between specific pairs of nerve cells in the brain. Memories are \"stored\" in these synapses: changing the strength of the synapses increases the strength of the memories they store.

It's not just memory that is improved by sleep. Recent studies indicate that sleep riot only helps store facts, it also helps make connections between them. Ullrich Wagner arid colleagues in Germany used a puzzle in which players were given a string of numbers, and required to make a series of seven calculations based on these numbers. The seventh calculation (which depended on the preceding six) was the\" answer. \"Participants repeatedly played the same game with the same roles, but different sets of numbers.

The researchers structured the game such that the second calculation always gave the same answer as the seventh calculation-the final answer. If players recognized this rule, they could get to the final answer much faster. Sonic of the players played the game in the morning, then did other things for eight hours or so, then played the game again. Others played the game first in the evening, then slept, then played it again alter awakening. The players who slept were almost three

times more likely to have the insight that allowed them to spot the rule.

Why is this important? Some sleep researchers believe that for every two hours we spend awake, the brain needs an hour of sleep to figure out what all these experiences mean, and that sleep plays a crucial role in constructing the meaning our **e to hold. Breakdowns in such sleep-dependent processing may contribute to the development of depression, and may explain why some people who experience horrific traumas go on to develop post-traumatic stress disorder.

41. When did slow waves function in the subjects' brains in the experiment? A. Soon alter they fell asleep.

B. When they reached the deepest stage of sleep. C. Just before they woke up.

D. At random time for each subject.

42. \"Synapses\" (Line 4, Paragraph 2) can be explained as A. specific pairs of nerve cells in the brain. B. memories.

C. chemical connections in the brain. D. slow waves in the brain.

43. It is believed that people can remember well after they receive slow waves because A. they can change the strengths of chemical connections in the synapses. B. they can improve the brain's ability to store memories. C. they can produce new nerve cells in the brain.

D. they can activate the nerve cells that are not workin 44. Apart from helping store facts, sleep also A. helps analyze facts and draw conclusions.

B. helps transform short-term memory into long-term. C. helps make logical induction and deduction. D. helps make connections between them.

45. What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A. Why sleep is important. B. How sleep can help us.

C. What problems lack of sleep may bring.

D. How people develop post-traumatic stress disorder.

第5部分：补全短文

下面短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

3. With Genetic Gift,2 Monkeys Are Viewing a More Colorful World

Dalton and Sam are male squirrel monkeys, about a foot tall. (46) Dalton and Sam lead a more protected life in the laboratory of Jay and Maureen Neitz at the University of Washington, Seattle. Recently, the Neitzes endowed them with a new genetic gift: the ability to see the world with full color vision.

Male squirrel monkeys have only two of the color pigments (色素) known as opsins (视蛋白), unlike people who have three. The Neitzes, with Katherine Mancuso and other colleagues, used the technique of gene therapy to introduce the gene for the missing red pigment into the cone cells of the monkeys' retinas (视网膜). (47) .

It was somewhat surprising that the monkeys' brains could take advantage of a third opsin. The retina, however, seems to work by recording the difference between the signals from neighboring cones, the cells that detect color. (48) .

New World male monkeys like Dalton and Sam are chromatically challenged because their ancestors split off from Old World primates before full color vision evolved. At the time of the split, primates had only two visual pigments, one that is particularly sensitive to blue light and another that responds best to either green or red, depending on which variant of the gene is inherited. (49) The gene for the red or green opsin was duplicated, allowing individuals to see red and green instead of just one or the other.

New World monkeys never developed the duplicated gene, but many females have full color vision nevertheless. The reason is that the red/green opsin gene lies on the X chromosome, so females who inherit a different version from each parent have both red and green opsins along with the blue opsin on another chromosome (染色体). (50) A. But males, with only one X chromosome, inherit just one variant of the red/green opsin-the green in the ease of Dalton and Sam.

B. Several months after the therapy, Dalton and Sam were aide to see a world in which red hues (颜色) were visible and oranges no longer looked like lemons, the researchers say in the current issue of Nature.

C. Their ancestors lived by eating fruit and insects in the forest canopy (树荫) of Central and South America.

D. After the split, which began with the opening of the Atlantic between Africa and Sunth America some 150 million years ago, the Old World primates benefited front a genetic accident.

E. So the extra opsin gene given to Dalton and Sam would have changed the signal from affected cones and hence the message forwarded from the retina to the visual cortex in the brain.

F. The monkey experiment would help researchers understand the circuitry used by the primate brain to analyze color. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50.

第6部分：完形填空

下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项

For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. In (51) a job or advancing in one, the

ability to read **prehend (52) can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate, fact is that most of us are (53) readers. Most of us develop poor reading (54) at an early age, and never get over them. The main deficiency (55) in the actual stuff of language itself-words. Taken individually, words have little meaning until they are strung together into phrased, sentences and paragraphs. (56) however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words, He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing to (57) words or passages. Regression, the tendency to look back over (58) you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another habit which (59) down the speed of reading is vocalization-sounding each word either orally or mentally as one reads.

To **e these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called all (60) , which moves a bar( or curtain)down the page at a predetermined speed. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, (61) word-by-word reading, regression and sub-vocalization, practically impossible. At **prehension is sacrificed for speed. But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster (62) **prehension will improve. Many people have found-their reading skill drastically improved after some training. (63) Charlce Au, a business manager, for instance, his reading rate was a reasonably good 172 words a minute (64) the training, now it is an excellent 1,378 words a minute. He is delighted that how he can (65) a lot more reading material in a short period of time. 51.

A. applying B. doing C. offering D. getting 52.

A. quickly B. easily C. roughly D. decidedly 53.

A. good B. curious C. poor D. urgent 54.

A. training B. habits C. situations D. custom 55.

A. lies B. combines C. touches D. involves 56.

A. Fortunately B. In fact C. Logically D. Unfortunately 57.

A. reuse B. reread C. rewrite D. recite 58.

A. what B. which C. that D. if

59.

A. scales B. cuts C. slows D. measures 60.

A. accelerator B. actor C. amplifier D. observer 61.

A. enabling B. leading C. making D. indicating 62.

A. but B. nor C. or D. for 63.

A. Look at B. Take C. Make D. Consider 64.

A. for B. in C. after D. before 65.

A. master B. go over C. present D. get through