三大要素：论点，论据，论证
大体结构：提出问题（引论）；分析问题（本论）；解决问题（结论） 经常使用论证方式：比较法 例证法 推理法 归纳法 驳论法 提纲式作文
（1） 不同观点列举型( 选择型 ) 写作方式：
1. 有一些人以为… 2. 另一些人以为… 3. 我的观点…
There is a widespread concern over the issue that 作文题目 . But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that 观点一 . In their views there are two factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, 缘故一 . Furthermore, in the second place, 缘故二 . So it goes without saying that 观点一 .
People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that 观点二 . In their point of view, on the one hand, 缘故一 . On the other hand, 缘故二 . Therefore, there is no doubt that 观点二 .
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that 观点一或二 . It is not only because _______________, but also because______ _________.
题（一）：每一年高考之前总会显现“高考移民”，他们设法到录取分数线较低的省份参加考试。你班同窗就此展开讨论，提出以下两种相反意见：
赞同 反对 1想上好大学，应予理解； 4到其他地方会增加当地升学压力； 2录取分数不一，对高分地区学生不公平； 5对当地学生不利，也是一种不公； 3学生也是公民，应该有此权利和机会。 6主要有利于权势者，对普通百姓不公。 请就此给“学生英语报Student Times”写一篇报导，说明上述讨论情形。 说明：1.词数100左右; 2.题目和开头段已给出.
Students on the Move for Their Exams ─Fair or Unfair?
Every year some students from high─score areas move to other provinces to take the Entrance Examination of the Colleges. Recently we had a discussion about this. 题（二）：目前,温州的街头显现了愈来愈多的猫与狗,对此“中学生英语报”组织了一场讨论：城市内是不是能够饲养宠物。请你依照下表所提供的信息，介绍讨论情形，并说明自己的观点和建议。
支持饲养宠物 反对饲养宠物 你的观点 1安慰孤寡老人 1造成环境污染 …… 2与动物和谐相处，增添生活情趣 2吵闹声，甚至伤人 注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．能够适当增减细节，以使行文连贯； 3．开头语已为你写好。
Recently we have had a heated discussion on whether people should keep pets at home in cities. 2） 利弊型的议论文
这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对照事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）动身，最后往往要求考生说明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测） 写作方式： 1. 说明事物现状
2. 事物本身的优缺点（或一方面） 3. 你对现状（或前景）的观点
Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that) 作文题目 . In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in 题目议题 . Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, 优势一 . And secondly 优势二 .
Just As a popular saying goes, \"every coin has two sides\讨论议题 is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, 缺点一 . In addition, 缺点二 .
To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of 讨论议题 into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the 讨论议题 .
题（一）：你班同窗在英语课上讨论毕业班学生是不是能够把讲义留给下一届学生利用这一问题.假设你是小组长,
（请依照小组讨论的记录用英语写一份报告,陈述自己的观点或建议.报告要点如下:
Advantages Disadvantages 可以节省资源,减少浪费 教材内容经常更新 节约家庭开支 不能在书作笔记 西方国家普遍采用此法 ____________________ 注意:
1．报导必需包括所有要点,适当增加细节,使内容连贯、完整。 2．报导的开头部份已写好，只需接着写。（不记入总字数） 3．词数100左右。
Is Recycling Textbook a Good Suggestion?
On behalf of our group, I’d like to give a brief summary of our discussion on the topic “Is Recycling Textbook a Good Suggestion?”
题（二）：（06陕西）暑假即以后临。你班同窗讨论了假期打算，提出出不同观点，请依照提示写一篇有关讨论的英语短文，并谈谈你的观点。
优点 缺点 呆在家中 花费少、舒适方便 不能亲身了解外界 外出旅游 增长知识、开阔眼界 花费多、旅途不便 注意：
1． 短文写在答题卡上的指定区域，词数80~120（不含已写好的部份）。 2． 短文必需包括表中所列要点，可依照内容分段表述。 3． 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 4． 参考辞汇：眼界borizon(或view)
The summer holiday is coming . Our class have had a discussion about what to do during the holiday. （3） 答题性议论文
要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途经 写作方式： 1．问题现状
2．如何解决(解决方案的优缺点)
Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that) 作文题目 . It is really an
important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to solve this problem. First of all, 途径一 . In addition, another way contributing to the success of the solving problem is 途径二 .
Above all, to solve the problem of 作文题目 , we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, 方式 . 题：
垃圾分类与资源回收
目前，每一个城市天天都产生大量的垃圾，垃圾分类迫在眉睫，请依照列提示，用英语写一篇短文。 严峻形势 每天产生大量的垃圾，己成为令每个城市头疼的问题 1． 减少垃圾量和垃圾对环境的污染； 垃圾分类的2．是对垃圾进行有效处置的一种科学管理方法； 3．回收资源，有利于改善意义 生存环境质量和环境保护。 政府采取有效措施并即刻行动，在公共场所放置不同的垃圾箱供居民投放呼吁 分类垃圾 注意：
1．词数：150左右。
2．内容可适当发挥，注意行文连贯。
3．参考辞汇：垃圾分类rubbish classification
提纲式作文经常使用句型：
(1). 用于句首提出论题或现象的句型 ①Recently , …has become the focus of the society .
②…has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life . ③Nowadays there is a growing concern for … ④Nowadays it is common to hear /see …
⑤…has become a common occurrence in our daily life .
⑥Nowadays more and more people are beginning to be aware of the seriousness of …
⑦It is only during the last /past few years that man has become generally aware that … ⑧In recent years , there is a general tendency … ⑨Nowadays … has become a problem we have to face . (2). 用于比较、论述不同观点的经常使用句型
①Some people like / prefer …, while others are against…
②There are different opinions among people as to … Some believe … ③Some people suggest … Others , however , hold the opposite opinion . ④On the one hand , people tend to … On the other hand , they feel … ⑤Some people argue that … Others , in contrast , believe that …
⑥Although more and more people come to believe … there are still others who insist that … ⑦On the contrary , there are people in favor of …
⑧There are some people who hold different opinions about … (3). 用于陈述个人观点/方式的经常使用句型 ①My own experience tells me that …
②In my opinion , we should attach more importance to … ③As for my own idea about … I believe … ④As far as I am concerned , I plan to … ⑤Personally , I prefer …
⑥In my view , both sides are partly right in that … ⑦But for me , I would rather … ⑧My own point of view is that …
⑨In conclusion , I support the statement that …
（一） 不同观点列举型( 选择型 )范文
题一：
Students on the Move for Their Exams ─Fair or Unfair?
Every year some students from high─score areas move to other provinces to take the Entrance Examination of the Colleges. Recently we had a discussion about this.
Some think it understandable for the students move to other places to take the exam since they want to be able to study at a better university. And it seems to be the right of a student as a citizen to have such a chance, especially those from an area of high entry─score. Otherwise they have to get much higher scores to enter a university than those who are from a low entry─score province.
Other take a quite different stand.They think those who are from high─score areas would add pressureto the areas they move to , which also means an unfair situation to those students in low─score areas. What’s more, it seems to be just favourable to the powerful and not fair to ordinary people. So they don’t think it a good thing. 题二：
Recently we have had a heated discussion on whether people should keep pets at home in cities. Some students think it’s a good idea to keep pets because old people who live alone at home can get some comfort from pets. Besides, getting along well with animals will make our life interesting. On the contrary, the other students are against the idea. In their opinion, if too many people keep pets at home , it is bad for the environment. What is worse, pets may make too much noise and even attack people .
I like animals, so I don’t think it is bad to keep pets at home. But we must take some measures to prevent them from polluting our environment. （二）利弊型的议论文 范文 题一
Is Recycling Textbook a Good Suggestion?
On behalf of our group, I’d like to give a brief summary of our discussion on the topic “Is Recycling Textbook a Good Suggestion?”As we know, when high school students graduate from school ,their textbooks are thrown away ,which are still in good condition. What a great waste it is!
A suggestion has been put forward that we should recycle the textbooks. Some students in my group agree to this suggestion. For one thing,recycling textbooks can save a lot of natural resources,which are used to make textbooks . And it can also save plenty of family expenses. For another, in western countries , recycling textbooks is very popular and it gives us a good example. But some have different opinions about it, for the content of the textbokks are often renewed. What’s more, it is not proper to make notes in the textbooks.
But in my opinion, this is a wonderful idea because this will do good to both the government and the families. 题二：
The summer holiday is coming . Our class have had a discussion about what to do during the holiday. Some are in favor of staying at home . They think it’s both convenient and comfortable.What ‘s more ,they can save money for other purposes. But they will lose the chance of getting to know the outside world.
However, others prefer to go out for the traveling since it can increase their knowledge and broaden
their horizons. But they will spend more money and meet some difficulties while traveling.
In my opinion, it would be much better to stay at home ,for I can do what I like, such as reading books, watching TV, and helping my parents with the housework. （三）答题性议论文范文：
At present, society produces a large amount of rubbish, such as leftover food, waste paper, plastic bottles and batteries every day. Rubbish has become a big headache in every city and is becoming a major environmental problem. It has become necessary to deal with this issue. So, how to solve this problem? I think rubbish classification is a good way to deal with it.
Firstly, rubbish classification can reduce the amount of rubbish and the rubbish pollution to the environment. Secondly, it is a scientific and effective way to manage rubbish. What's more, by classifying rubbish it allows us to recycle resources, which will improve the quality of our living conditions and help the environment.
Since rubbish classification has so many advantages, our government should take effective measures to introduce this policy immediately. Different dustbins should be placed in public places so that residents can leave their sorted rubbish in them. 图画式作文 写作方式：
1.描述这幅图（describe the drawing ）
2.说明它的含义（interpret its implications ） 3.论述你自己的观点（give your comments ）
This illustration described 图画中的人物 with 补充说明 Recently it has become common for people in many walks of life to 进一步阐释 。 It seems to me that the cartoon is sending a message about 图画主题 ，which is 进一步的说明 。He seems to be saying that 给出细节 .In my opinion 个人论述 。 This simple picture is a wake up call for 所涉群体 ，如the whole of the human race）。Therefore，it is necessary for us to take effective measures to put an end to 问题所在 。One the one hand, we must 建议一 。 It is clear that the drawer of the illustration is urging us to 进一步说明 。 On the other hand, 建议二 Only in this way can we 展望前景 。 图画式作文经常使用句式： 1.描述
1.As is described in the picture... 这幅图描述了…… 2.The purpose of the picture is to show us that... 3.The picture indicates / conveys the meaning that 2.分析
1.More and more people have come to realize...
2.Now it is commonly held that... but I doubt whether...
3.As is shown in the picture, we can see clearly the relationship between...and... 4.There is much discussion today about... 3.自己的观点
1.As more and more people..., much attention should be placed on...
2.If such measures were not taken, the problem of... would have been more serious. 若是不采取这些方法，……的问题就会加倍严峻。 题：
范文：
What an interesting picture ! A Western young man, sitting at a table, is ready to eat a bowl of noodles,
He is holding two forks the same way as we Chinese hold chopstics.He is trying so hard to pick up the noodles that he is sweating a lot. A t first glance, I think it’s a bit funny, for we Chinese take for granted that chopticks are the tools for eating noodles. The man in the picture is trying to copy us .Obviously he is doing it the hard way.Maybe using one fork will do a better job .In my opinion, we don’t neeed to copy others’ways of thinking.Sometimes a simpler way of doing things may be a better way. 开放式作文
给出素材或主题,要求考生围绕该素材或主题，写出自己的观点和观点。 写作方式：
1.立意并进行描述 2.议论 3.提出自己的观点
模板如下，开放作文大体都如此，最好分三段写，描述，议论，最后再总结。模板和前面的题型的模板都差不多，自己要灵活应用。 模板一 导入：
1段：Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... （导入话题） Our opinions are divided on this topic.（观点有不合） 正文：
2段：Most of the students are in favour of it.（正方观点）
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个同意的理由) 3段：However, the others are strongly against it. （反方观点）
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In
addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由)
结论：
4段：Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do
us more harm than good, so I am against it.（个人观点）
模板二 导入：
1段：提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. （亮明自己的观点是同意仍是反对） The reasons for this may be listed as follows. （过渡句，承先启后） 正文：
2段：First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个同意或反对的理由)
结论：
3段：In conclusion, I believe that... （照顾第1段，组成\"总—分—总\"结构） 4段：.\"How to\"类议论文模板： 模板三 导入：
1段：提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题 正文：
2段：Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First
of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的方法)
结论：
3.段：These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that
we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的全然方式).
题（一）：
阅读下面的文字，用英语写一篇120——150词的短文。
今年，教育部直属师范大学将招收一批免费师范生，学生毕业后须回生源地所在省份的中小学任教十年以上，你情愿成为一名免费师范生吗？陈述理由。
题(二)：
参考范文：
One possible version:
In this picture, a mother bird stays in her nest in a big tree, watching her babies flying away. I think the mother bird must be very proud of her children, who are able to find their own food now. But she may also feel a sense of loss since they no longer need her day-to day care as they used to. This picture shows very well the mixed feelings of parents when watching their children grow up. For my parents, things will be much easier. We will set up a family blog to post our photos, journals, and even audios. Once I leave for college, we can conveniently share our experiences and support each other no matter where we are. Their “nest” will never be empty.
图表式议论文 写作方式：
1. 归纳图表要紧内容 2. 分析数据,得出结论,兼顾评论内容 3. 归纳总结或给出建议 As is shown/ by the figure/percentage in the table (graph/ picture/ chart), 作文题目的议题_____has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/ increases/drops/ decreases),significantly/ steadily rising/ decreasing from 数据 to 数据 in 年月 to 年月 . From the sharp marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that 现象 . There are at least two good reasons for it 议题 . On the one hand, 缘故一_. On the other hand, __问题_____ is due to the fact that __缘故二______. In addition, ________ is responsible for 议题 there are some other reasons to show ___ 议题 _ .But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing. As far as I am concerned,I hold the point of view that _______. 中学生消费调查表 35%30%25%20%百分比15%10%5%0%零食服装社会交往娱乐学习材料 图表式写作经常使用句式： 1. 段首，归纳图表要紧内容。 1) It’s clear from the chart (table, figure, graph) that…, 2) The table shows (tells, represents，describes) … 3) As is shown by the graph/in the table… 4) It can be seen from the table that… 5) As can be seen from the chart,… 2. 分析数据,得出结论,兼顾评论内容 1. There was a rise/increase from...to... 2. It has risen to an average of... 3. There was a fall/decrease/ decline/drop from...to... 4. It has fallen/dropped to... 3. 归纳总结或给出建议 1. From the analyses above,we can draw the conclusion that...
2. From the data we gathered from the above graph,we can conclude that...
3. According to the information gathered above,we may reach the conclusion that... 4. According to what has been discussed above,we can arrive at the conclusion that...
图表式议论文范文:
As can be seen from the diagram above, nowadays middle school students spend most of their pocket money on snacks, clothes, things for entertainment and social communication.However they seldom buy learning resourcer. Furthermore, some of them are free to buy whatever they like without considering the income of their family and their needs.
In my opinion, it’s wrong of us students to consume blindly, such as following the fashion, pursuing famous brands of clothes. As we know, once seeking material comforts, we will lose the motivation of learning. Therefore, we should spend our pocket money on what we really need. Also, we should acquire a scientific outlook of consumption and focus on study. What’s more, it’sessential for us to develop a good habit of saving money.
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