第五讲 完型填空题型及解题技巧
250词/篇,15分钟,
说明文或议论文: 科普,经济,历史,社会,文化,教育,
一 四大题型特征:
1, 语义衔接题 75% ,考查词汇掌握能力. 根据上下文的语义对同义,近义,或近形的实词(动词,名词,形容词,副词等) 或短语的选择
2004—31
It normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a _____ routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night.
A, former B, returned C. reversed D. regular
2. 逻辑衔接题：3-4个，侧重点是对句子与句子之间关系的理解，连贯性的理解，主要是看逻辑关系过渡词
表列举：first, second, third… ; firstly, secondly, thirdly, ..; first, next, then,…; in the first place, in the second place… ; for one thing , for another thing; to begin with, to conclude,,,
表原因：because, since, as，now that, due to , owing to , thanks to , in
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consequence of …
表结果： so，therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result….
表转折：but, yet, however, nevertheless, nonetheless
表让步：still, though, although, in spite of , at any rate, in any case, whoever, whatever
表对照： on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast, in comparison, by comparison, conversely, whereas, while
表补充：also, too, further, furthermore, moreover, in addition (to), what’s more, besides, likewise, similarly, either, neither, not …but… , not only…but also…
表示时间顺序：when, while , as, after, before, since, until, as soon as, once, no sooner …than, hardly…when; scarcely…when..
表目的：so that, lest, for fear that, so as to …
表条件：if, whether, supposed that, unless, in case, so/as long as, so far as, on condition (that), given (that), provided (that)
表举例：for example, for instance, such (…) as…; and so on
Eg. 2004--34
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This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, ___34___ much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very ___35___.
A, though B, so that, C, while D. as
3. 结构衔接题
1-2个，固定句式的衔接以及对从句，虚拟语气，倒装句式及平行结构等语法关系的考查，做题时要寻求谓语动词的结构和形式为照应线索，或者依据前后句的意思和逻辑关系判断从句的种类
Eg. 2003—39—40
McDonald’s fries now come from huge manufacturing plants ___39____ can process two million pounds of potatoes a day. The expansion ___40___ McDonald’s and the popularity of its low-cost, mass-produced fries changed the way Americans eat.
39. A. this B. that C. / D. what
40. A. into B. from C. in D. of
4. 固定搭配题
1-2 个，考查对词汇固定用法的掌握情况，如动词和介词，副词的固定搭配，名词和
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介词的搭配，形容词和介词的搭配等。
Eg. 2004-26
The normal human daily cycle of activity is some 7-8 hours’ sleep alternation with some 16-17 hours’ wakefulness and that the sleep normally coincides ____26___ the hours of darkness.
A. in B. with C. of D. over
解析： Coincide with…
2001—37
….even if this is restricted to __37__ how proper names and place names are pronounced.
A. knowing B. having known, C. know D. have known
解析： is restricted to ，其中的to为介词。
二 ４大解题步骤：
１） 读全文，明大意
２） 试验性作选择
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３） 找关系，定答案
４） 重读全文核对答案
解题技巧：
1． 代入排除法
1) 判断所填词在句中充当什么成分，应是什么词性，从而排除干扰选项
2) 根据上下文的时态，语态和语气排除不符合要求的干扰选项
3) 根据名词的数来判断各选项是否符合句子要求
4) 寻找与空白处构成搭配的词语，从而排除不能与其搭配的选项
5) 将各选项代入空白处将句子翻译成汉语，排除明显不能使句子通顺的选项
Eg. 2004—
…so that much of time is spent neither working nor sleeping very _____
A. efficiently B. good C. easily D. happily
解析： good 是adj, 首先排除
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2003-
A familiar food had been transformed into a highly processed industrial ____
A. brand B. stuff C. commodity D. produce
解析：由空格前的不定冠词a 可推断此处应填可数名词，stuff 和produce 是不可数名词，因而排出。
2． 搭配照应法
照应法是指空格前或后出现的暗示学生选择正确答案的推理线索。因此，同学们在做完型填空题时，不要就题解题，孤立地根据一句话进行判断，而应该寻找其照应关系词，这样完型填空的准确率将大大提高。
1) 选项为四个动词时:
要看与其主语在语法上,意义上或主谓搭配是否合适.看主语是人还是事物, 主语可不可能发出这个动作。同时还要看与其宾语是否搭配合适。
Eg. 2003
During McDonald’s early years French fries were made from scratch every day. Russet Burbank potatoes were __26___ , cut into shoestrings, and fried in its kitchens.
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A. scaled B. stripped C. peeled D. sliced
2) 选项为4个形容词时：
如果是系表结构，主要看主语和表语搭配的合适性。 要看主语是人还是物， 不是所有的形容词都能修饰人或物。 如果是直接修饰名词或名词性词组， 那么要看它们的逻辑意义是否通顺，褒贬意义是否一致。
Eg.
The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be __49__ to explain or describe in a way that can be understood by his listeners.
A. obscure B. difficult C. impossible D. unable
解析： 所填词作表语，且主语是人。 Obscure 意思是“模糊的，无名的”， 只能用来作定语，可排除；difficult, impossible 一般不用人来作主语，所以选D。
3) 选项为4个名词时
如果该名词作主语，那么要看主、谓搭配或主、表搭配是否合适。 如果该名词作宾语，那么要看动宾搭配是否合适。
Eg. Nevertheless, for any kind of space, the designer had to make many of the same kind of __14__
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A. solutions B. conclusions C. decisions D. determinations
解析： 语义衔接题。 所填名词为make 的宾语，而符合这个条件的只有decisions. Solution 常和achieve, find 等连用，不与make 搭配。Conclusion 常与draw, reach, come to , bring to 搭配， determination 一般与have 搭配
3． 结构照应法
完型填空中经常会测试一些固定结构，固定句式，要用到结构照应法解题
Eg. 2004
It normally ___30__ from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a adopt to
A, takes B, spends C. demands D. asks
解析： 句型 It takes some time to do sth.
This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine ___ 33__ he has to change to another, ….
A. as B. when C. then D. than
解析： no sooner…than “一……就….”
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4． 原词复现照应法
即关于主题词或其他重要词汇一般会在短文中反复出现，考生要捕捉此信息点。
Eg. 2004
The normal human daily cycle of activity is …. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this ___27__ can be modified.
A. cycle B. period C. circle D. round
解析：语义衔接题。 文章的第一句就提到正常的人类日常活动周期，而该句还是讨论该周期的，所以根据空格前出现的cycle可以推断出正确答案。
5． 反义词复现照应法
反义词的功能是在两个词项之间可以期待一种意义有区别的对比关系，因而也能促使语篇的衔接，达到语义贯通的目的。反义词，包括绝对反义词，关系反义词，互补反义词都可能通过双方或多方的复现使语篇连贯。
Eg. 2004
Depending on personality, more have in mind a(n) __31__ home. But in …there are practical…
A. ideal B. perfect C. imaginary D. satisfactory
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解析： 根据转折词but 可判断所填词应该与practical 意义相反。条件语境都符合的只有ideal
6． 同义或近义词复现照应法
同义词或近义词复现能帮助语篇衔接和连贯，一般地，完全同义词是很少的，而近义词却很多
Eg. 2003
Their distinctive taste…. The mixture gave the fries their unique __40__.
A. flavour B. fragrance C. smell D. perfume
解析： 语义衔接题。前面有distinctive taste， 空前的unique 是distinctive 的近义复现
7． 利用逻辑知识解题
语篇衔接与连贯中的逻辑纽带能表达出作者的思路和篇章的意义重心。逻辑纽带主要是表示时间与空间关系，列举与例证，比较与对比，引申与递进，让步与转折，推论与归纳，原因与结果等逻辑概念的过渡词组成的。这类词通常是一些连词和连接性副词，或是一些介词词组，非限定分句，无动词分句等，做题时要正确理解并判断文章的内在逻辑关系，选用正确过渡词。
Eg. 2003
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….and few customers noticed the difference. __30__, the change had a profound effect on the nation’s agriculture and diet.
A. Still B. Anyway C. Besides D. Nevertheless
解析： 空前说几乎没有多少顾客注意到这种变化，而空后说这一变化对全国的农业和饮食业带来深远的影响，显然两者之间时对立的，因此选择表转折关系的副词。
…diffuse throughout the space available; it must __29__ be kept in a closed container…
A. however B. nevertheless C. as D. therefore
解析： 空前提到的气体易扩散与下文中的必须保存在密闭容器中时因果关系
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历年真题
2003年
During McDonald's early years French fries were made from scratch every day. Russet Burbank potatoes were (1) , cut into shoestrings, and fried in its kitchens. (2) the chain expanded nationwide, in the mid-1960', it sought to cut labor costs, reduce the number of suppliers, and (3) that its fries tasted the same at every restaurant. McDonald's began (4) to frozen French fries in 1966--and few customers noticed the difference. (5), the change had a profound effect on the nation's agriculture and diet. A familiar food had been transformed into a highly processed industrial (6) McDonald's fries now come from huge manufacturing plants (7) can process two million pounds of potatoes a day. The expansion (8) McDonald's and the popularity of its low-cost, mass-produced fries changed the way Americans eat.
The taste of McDonald's French fries played a crucial role in the chain's success--fries are much more profitable than hamburgers--and was (9) praised by customers, competitors, and even food critics. Their (10) taste does not stem from the kind of potatoes that McDonald's (11) , the technology that processes them, or the restaurant equipment that fries them: other chains use Russet Burbank, buy their French fries from the (12) large processing companies, and have similar (13) in their restaurant kitchens. The taste of a French fry is (14) determined by the cooking oil. For decades McDonald's cooked its French fries in a mixture of about 7 per cent cottonseed oiled and 93 per cent beef fat. The mixture gave the
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fries their unique (15).
1. A. scaled B. stripped C. peeled D. sliced
2. A. As B. Due to C. owing to D. With
3. A. ensue B. ensure C. enrich D. enable
4. A. switching B. diverting C. modifying D. altering
5. A. Still B. Anyway C. Besides D. Nevertheless
6. A. brand B. stuff C. commodity D. produce
7. A. this B. that C. / D. what
8. A. into B. from C. in D. of
9. A. long B. only C. first D. lonely
10. A. distinctive B. distinct C. distinguished D. distinguishable
11. A. possesses B. buys C. acquires D. grows
12. A. exact B. identical C. same D. alike
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13. A. works B. pots C. boilers D. fryers
14. A. adequately B. massively C. plentifully D. largely
15. A. flavor B. fragrance C. smell D. perfume
答案：1-5 CABAD 6-10 CＢＤＡＡ11-15 BCDDA
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2004年
The normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours’ sleep alternation with some 16-17 hours’ wakefulness and that the sleep normally coincides(26) ____ the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this (27)____ can be modified.
The question is no mere academic one. The ease with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a (28)____ of growing importance in industry where automation(29)____ round-the-clock working of machines. It normally (30)____ from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a (31)____ routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. (32)____, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine(33)____ he has to change to another, (34)____ much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very(35) ____.
One answer would seem to be(36)____ periods on each shift, a month, or even three months. (37)____, recent research has shown that people on such systems will revert to go back to their(38)____ habits of sleep and wakefulness during the week-end and that this is quite enough to destroy any(39)____ to night work built up during the week. The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to those permanent night workers whose (40)____ may persist through all week-ends and holidays.
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26.A.in B.with C.of D.over
27.A.cycle B.period C.circle D.round
28.A.problem B.difficulty C.trouble D.matter
29.A.asks B.invites C.calls for D.reacts to
30.A.takes B.spends C.demands D.asks
31.A.former B.returned C.reversed D.regular
32.A.Therefore B.Unfortunately C.In a word D.In comparison
33.A.as B.when C. then D.than
34.A.though B.so that C.while D.as
35.A.efficiently B.good C.easily D.happily
36.A.shorter B.better C.longer D.nicer
37.A.So B.In short C.Similarly D.However
38.A.new B.normal C.temporary D.favourite
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39.A.change B.return C.adaptation D.tendency
40.A.wakefulness B.sleep C.preference D.habit
答案：26-30 BADCA 31-35 CBDBA 36-40 CDBCD
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