2021届全国I、II、III卷高考模式高三名校英语好题速递分项汇编（2）
之语法填空
【河南省2020-2021学年高三毕业班阶段性测试（二）】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上.
The concept of the crossbow developed from animal traps.41．is difficult to establish the date of the first （弩）development of the crossbow as a weapon. A scientist named E.M. Grosser discovered a bronze pistol（手枪）－like version 42． Robert Templel said could have been from the “eighth or ninth century BC or even 43．.” There （early）are references to the crossbow in China in the sixth century BC．By the fourth century BC military leaders were relying44．（strong）on crossbow—armed forces. One Han prince spoke in 336 BC of having 45．（thousand） of crossbows for his army.
The crossbow had the advantage of not only 46．（send） an arrow with enough force to cut through body armor（盔甲）47．its arrows, being short, could not be shot back by bowmen. Over the decades the crossbow was improved upon. The trigger（触发）mechanisms were cast out of bronze and became as complicated as those of a modem gun. Rectangular frames（矩形框架）were attached to the front and back of the crossbow as sights 48．（make） it easier to aim.
The strength of the bow on a crossbow made it difficult to prepare for firing. This device 49．（enable） the bowman to hook the bow—string over the bow and use his legs to push against the bow. Later larger crossbows 50．（build） to shoot multiple arrows at a time.
【答案】41．It42．which/that43．earlier44．strongly45．thousands46．sending47．but48．to make49．enabled 50．were built
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了弩的来历、发展、工作原理以及在军事上的应用。
41．考查it作形式主语。句意：很难确定首先把弩发展成武器的日期。根据句意和句子结构可知，此处是固定句型：It is + adj. + to do sth.“做某事是......”，其中it是形式主语，不定式是真正的主语。故填It。 42．考查定语从句。句意：一位名叫E.M. Grosser的科学家发现了一种类似的青铜版手枪，Robert Templel说这可能来自公元前8或9世纪，甚至更早。分析句子可知是，设空处引导定语从句，关系词代替先行词a bronze pistol－like version在从句中充当主语，应用关系代词which/that。故填which/that。
43．考查副词比较级。句意：一位名叫E.M. Grosser的科学家发现了一种类似的青铜版手枪，Robert Templel说这可能来自公元前8或9世纪，甚至更早。分析句子可知，此处应用副词作时间状语，结合句意和even
可知用比较级符合语境。故填earlier。
44．考查副词。句意：直到公元前4世纪，军队领导者非常依赖弩兵。分析句子可知，设空处应填副词，修饰动词短语relying on。故填strongly。
45．考查固定短语。句意：公元前336年，一个汉朝的王子曾说他的军队拥有成千上万的弩。根据句意可知，此处是固定短语thousands of“成千上万的”。故填thousands。
46．考查动名词。句意：弩的优势不仅在于可以射出足够力量的箭来刺穿盔甲，而且还在于它的箭很短，弓箭手无法反击。分析句子可知，此处应用send的动名词sending作为介词of的宾语。故填sending。 47．考查固定搭配。句意：弩的优势不仅在于可以射出足够力量的箭来刺穿盔甲，而且还在于它的箭很短，弓箭手无法反击。根据句意可知，此处是固定搭配not only ...but (also)...“不但......而且”，其中also可省。故填but。
48．考查非谓语动词。句意：矩形框架被安装在弩的前后作为瞄准镜，使弩更容易瞄准。分析句子可知，“矩形框架被安装在弩的前后作为瞄准镜”的目的是“使弩更容易瞄准”，故此处应用不定式做目的状语。故填to make。
49．考查时态。句意：该装置可以使弓箭手将弓弦挂在弓上，用腿抵住弓。分析句子可知，设空处是句子谓语动词，结合全文内容可知，本文陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填enabled。
50．考查时态和语态。句意：后来，可以同时发射多支箭的、更大的弩被制造了。分析句子可知是，设空处是句子谓语动词，本文陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，主语crossbows 和build之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态；主语是复数，be动词用were。故填were built。
【河南省名校联盟九师联盟2021届高三10月质量检测】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
My aunt Carmeleta was41．wife of my mother’s youngest brother Fred. Even though my uncle Fred died many years ago and Aunt Carmeleta is now married to Ken, I still consider her my aunt.
Everyone should have a42．(wonder) aunt like Aunt Carmeleta. When I was a child, I lived with her for 2 years. Like a lot of43．(teenager), I had problems with people who talked negatively about me. I was troubled by such44．(annoy) things. If this has ever happened to you, you’ll understand45．(deep) how painful it is.
I’d talk to Aunt Carmeleta about these hurtful things and she would always say, “Just be yourself. ” This was great advice! In fact, it’s been some of the best advice I46．(receive) since I could remember. I learned not everyone is going to like you and that’s OK. Just be47．(you). When my husband Bill met Aunt Carmeleta48．the first time, he questioned, “How could anyone be so nice
and so real?” But he has found out the49．(true) through the years. I’ve never forgotten Aunt Carmeleta’s advice “Just be yourself.” We need more people in this world50．give great advice and are kind and caring like Aunt Carmeleta.
41．the42．wonderful43．teenagers44．annoying45．deeply46．have received47．yourself48．for49．truth 【答案】50．who
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述的是作者的舅妈对自己的影响，舅妈虽然改嫁他人，但是她的建议“Just be yourself”仍然激励着自己。
41．考查冠词。句意：我的舅妈Carmeleta是我妈妈最小的弟弟Fred的妻子。wife此处特指“我妈妈最小的弟弟Fred的妻子”，前面应用定冠词。故填the。
42．考查形容词。句意：每个人都应该有一个像Carmeleta这样的好阿姨。此处修饰名词aunt应用形容词wonderful，作定语。故填wonderful。
43．考查名词的数。句意：和很多青少年一样，我也不喜欢那些说我坏话的人。teenagers为可数名词，由a lot of修饰，故此处用所给名词的复数。故填teenagers。
44．考查非谓语动词。句意：我被这些烦人的事情困扰着。此处修饰名词things应用-ing结尾形容词annoying，作定语，表示“烦人的”。故填annoying。
45．考查副词。句意：如果这种事发生在你身上，你就会深深明白它有多痛苦。此处修饰动词understand应用副词deeply，表示“深刻地”，强调程度深；而deep作副词讲表示“深地”与语境不符。故填deeply。 46．考查动词时态。句意：事实上，这是我记事以来收到的最好的建议。根据后文“since I could remember”可知应用现在完成时，主语为I，助动词用have。故填have received。
47．考查代词。句意：做你自己。此处用所给词的反身代词形式作be的表语，表示“你自己”应用反身代词yourself。故填yourself。
48．考查介词。句意：当我丈夫比尔第一次见到Carmeleta阿姨时，他问：“怎么会有人这么善良，这么真实呢？”结合句意表示“第一次”可知短语为for the first time。故填for。
49．考查名词。句意：但这些年来他发现了真相。所填词作find out的宾语，并且前面有定冠词，因此此处用名词truth，且truth表示抽象概念，为不可数名词。故填truth。
50．考查定语从句。句意：在这个世界上，我们需要更多像卡梅莱塔舅妈那样的人，他们能给我们好的建议，又善良又有爱心。此处为定语从句修饰先行词people，且先行词在从句中作主语，指人，故用who引导定语从句。故填who。
【宁夏银川一中2021届高三上学期第二次月考】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单
词的正确形式。
A pair of researchers found that when you appeal to wealthy people for donations, it will offer them a sense of control.
The study consisted of writing and then sending letters to 12,000 Ivy League alumni who earn at least $100,000 41． (annual). The researchers wrote two versions of their letter, both of 42． were asking for a donation to help with community 43． (activity). But the words were different. One letter44．(write) in such a way as to give the reader a feeling of control ---- “Sometimes, one person needs to come forward and take individual action.” The other was in a more general sense --- “Sometimes, a community needs to come forward to support a common goal.”
The researchers then compared how much individuals donated. They found that those who had received the letters 45．(give) them more control were more generous --- they gave on average $432. Those 46．(send) the more general letter to, on 47．other hand, gave on average just $270. The difference came to an average of 1.5 times as much.
The researchers suggested that the difference simply consisted in giving prospective donors(预期捐赠者) a feeling of more control over 48． the donated money would be spent. They further suggested their findings indicated that in the future, those who will conduct charity events might need organizers 49．(offer) some degree of control to prospective donors. They might find they would get more 50． return. 【答案】
41．annually42．which43．activities44．was written45．giving46．sent47．the48．how49．to offer50．in 【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了两位研究人员发现，当你吸引富人捐款时，给他们一种掌控感将会获得更多的捐款，文章对此进行了分析解释。
41．考查副词。句意：这项研究包括给1.2万名常春藤联盟的校友写信并发送，这些校友每年至少能赚10万美元。分析句子可知，修饰动词earn用副词做状语，故填annually。
42．考查定语从句。句意：研究人员写了两个版本的信，都是请求捐款来资助社区活动。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，现行词是two versions of their letter，从句中作介词宾语，指物，用关系代词which，故填which。
43．考查名词单复数。句意：研究人员写了两个版本的信，都是请求捐款来资助社区活动。with后接名词作宾语，community activity“社区活动”，根据句意，此处应指不止一次社区活动，应复数，故填activities。 44．考查动词时态语态。句意：一封信以一种能给读者掌控感这样的方式来书写——“有时候， 需要一个人
站出来，采取个人行动。” write是谓语动词，与主语letter是被动关系，根据语境可知，讲述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，且主语是单数，故填was written。
45．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们发现那些收到信的人，当给予他们更多的控制权时，他们就会更慷慨——平均捐款432美元。在who引导的定语从句中，received是谓语动词，故give用非谓语动词形式做状语，give的逻辑主语是who，who指代先行词those，根据句意，those与give之间是主动关系，用现在分词表示主动关系，故填giving。
46．考查非谓语动词。句意：另一方面，那些被发送了一般信件的人，平均捐款270美元。分析句子可知，句子的谓语动词是gave，故send用非谓语动词形式，作定语修饰those，those与send之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，故填sent。
47．考查冠词。句意：另一方面，那些被发送了一般信件的人，平均捐款270美元。on the other hand“另一方面”是固定短语，故填the。
48．考查宾语从句连接词。句意：研究人员建议，区别只是在于给预期捐赠者更多捐赠的钱将如何使用的控制感。分析句子可知，over后是宾语从句，从句主谓宾齐全，根据句意，缺少how“如何”来引导宾语从句，故填how。
49．考查不定式。句意：他们进一步指出，研究结果表明，在未来，那些想要举办慈善活动的人可能需要组织者给予预期捐赠者某种程度的控制权。need sb. to do sth.“需要某人做某事”，用不定式作宾语补足语，故填to offer。
50．考查固定短语。句意：他们可能会发现他们会得到更多作为回报。in return作为回报，是固定短语，故填in。
【广西钦州市、崇左市2021届高三上学期第一次教学质量检测】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Even if you don’t live close to water, your child will end up near it at some point, for example, during vacation or at someone else’s home. Taking swimming lessons will not save everyone from 41． (drown), but swimming lessons may be 42． (benefit) to children between the ages of 1and 4.
A child can drown in less than 2 inches of water. Even the 43． (small) shallow pool needs regular 44． (manage) and should be drained (流干) and placed well out of reach when it’s not being used. And as attractive as those large, gas-filled pools look in the store, they often hold thousands of gallons of water that can’t 45． (easy) be drained. In fact, they have become 46． particular threat: A study published in Pediatrics found that they are responsible 47． 11 percent of pool drownings among children under 5. If you do have one, surround it
with a fence, cover it when not in use, and remove the steps or ladder once swim time 48． (be) over.
Inside your home, be sure 49． (empty) containers with water, fix locks on toilets, and stay with your child during bath time. Any body of water demands serious consideration, 50． must be brought to your attention. 【答案】41．drowning42．beneficial43．smallest44．management45．easily46．a47．for48．is49．to empty 50．which
【解析】本文是一篇议论文，题材为儿童安全类。文章谈论的话题是如何防止孩子溺水。即使你住的地方离水不靠近水，你的孩子也会在某个时候离水很近，比如在度假的时候或者在别人家里。
41．考查非谓语动词。句意：上游泳课也许不能拯救每一个溺水的人，但游泳课会对1-4岁的儿童有益。分析句子可知谓语动词为will not save,所以drown在句中作非谓语动词，根据空前的介词from可知此处需要填入动词现在分词形式drowning，用作介词from的宾语。故填drowning。
42．考查词性转换。句意：上游泳课也许不能拯救每一个溺水的人，但游泳课会对4-14岁的儿童有益。分析句子可知be动词后接形容词作表语，故将提示词改为形容词形式beneficial（有益的），故填beneficial。 43．考查形容词最高级。句意：即使是最小的浅水池也需要定期的管理，当它不被使用的时候，也应该排干并放置在远到不能触及的地方。根据空前的定冠词the结合句意可知此处应使用形容词最高级，表示“最小的”，故填smallest。
44．考查词性转换。句意：即使是最小的浅水池也需要定期的管理，当它不被使用的时候，也应该排干并放置在远到不能触及的地方。分析句子可知此处缺少宾语，结合空前的形容词regular（有规律的、定期的）可知需要填入名词形式，manage（管理）的名词形式为management，为不可数名词。故填management。 45．考查副词。句意：尽管商店里那些充满气体的大水池看起来很吸引人，但它们通常能容纳数千加仑的水，而且不容易排干。分析句子可知此处应用副词形式修饰动词drained（排干），作状语。故填easily。 46．考查冠词。句意：事实上，它们已经成为一种特别的威胁:发表在《儿科学》(Pediatrics)上的一项研究发现，在五岁以下儿童的泳池溺水事故中，有11%是由它们造成的。此处名词threat（威胁）表示泛指，应使用不定冠词修饰，空后单词particular为辅音音素开头，故填a。
47．考查介词/固定搭配。句意：事实上，它们已经成为一种特别的威胁:发表在《儿科学》(Pediatrics)上的一项研究发现，在五岁以下儿童的泳池溺水事故中，有11%是由它们造成的。短语be responsible for是固定搭配，意思是“对……负责；是……的原因”，符合句意，故填for。
48．考查主谓一致。句意：如果你有的话，用栅栏围起来，不用的时候盖上，游泳时间一结束就把台阶或梯子移走。分析句子可知此处句子主语是不可数名词time，根据主谓一致原则，谓语用单数形式，此处表示一般情况，时态使用一般现在时，故填is。
49．考查非谓语动词。句意：在家里，一定要把装水的容器清空，把厕所的锁修好，在洗澡的时候和孩子呆在一起。句型be sure to do表示“确定/一定要做...”，故填to empty。
50．考查定语从句。句意：任何水体都需要认真考虑，必须引起你的注意。分析句子可知这是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整个句子所表示的内容“任何水体都需要认真考虑”，从句缺少主语，所以用which引导从句。故填which。
【河南省名校联盟2021届高三10月质量检测】语法填空
China, which 41． (recognize) widely as the hometown of tea, gains a big reputation of tea planting, strict tea etiquette (礼节) and unique tea drinking 42． (habit). Tea drinking in China has a history of more than 5,000 years, 43． (date) back to the Shennong era. Tea ceremony has been into44． (exist) since ancient times. It is the 45． (early) traditional etiquette of the Han nationality in China to offer tea46．guests. Until now, a cup of tea is always made for guests when they come. A tea party is not only simple and money-saving, but also elegant and formal. The saying “gentleman’s friendship is as light as water”, 47．water refers to tea, indicates a kind of deep friendship. The Han people also have various customs of giving tea as a gift. Every summer in ancient Hangzhou, 48． capital city of the Southern Song Dynasty, each family cooked a new tea called Qijia tea, 49． (primary) together with fine fruits of various colors. Then the tea would be presented to relatives and friends. This custom is putting two green fruits in the tea cup, namely olives or kumquats, 50． (show) the meaning of good luck and happiness.
【答案】41．is recognized42．habits43．dating44．existence45．earliest46．to47．where48．the49．primarily 50．to show
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国茶文化的一些知识。
41．考查动词时态和语态。句意：中国是世界上公认的茶之乡，在种植茶叶、严格的茶道、独特的饮茶习惯等方面享有盛誉。which引导定语从句，指代先行词China，recognize与China之间是动宾关系，且表达客观事实，此处用所给动词的一般现在时的被动语态，主语是单数。故填is recognized。
42．考查名词复数。句意同上。habit意为“习惯”，为可数名词，根据句意，此处指“多种习惯”，应用其复数。故填habits。
43．date back 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国饮茶已有五千多年的历史，追溯到神农时代。分析句子成分可知，to与Tea drinking之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系， 此处用所给动词的现在分词，表示主动，作状语。故填dating。44．考查名词。句意：茶道自从古代就已经存在。be into existence意为“出现”，为固定搭配，此处用其名词形式。故填existence。
45．考查形容词最高级。句意：用茶水招待客人是中国汉族最早的传统美德和礼仪。根据句意和常识可知，此处用所给形容词的最高级。故填earliest。
46．考查介词。句意同上。offer sth. to sb.意为“给某人提供某物”，为固定搭配。故填to。
47．考查定语从句。句意：俗话说“君子之交淡如水”，在这里水指的是茶，表示一种深厚的友谊。分析句子结构可知，该空引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词The saying为表示抽象地点的名词，且从句water refers to tea中缺乏状语，此处用关系副词where。故填where。
48．考查冠词。句意：在古杭州的每个夏天，南宋的首都，每个家庭都煮了一种叫做齐家茶的新茶，最初，加上各种颜色的精细水果。此处用定冠词the来表示特指“南宋的首都”。故填the。
49．考查副词。句意同上。此处用所给形容词的副词修饰介词短语together with，作状语。故填primarily。 50．考查非谓语动词。句意：这个习俗是把两个绿色水果放在茶杯里，即橄榄或金橘，表示好运和幸福的意义。此处用所给动词的不定式作目的状语。故填to show。
【云南师范大学附属中学2021届高三高考适应性月考卷（二）】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many people know that marine mammals，like whales and dolphins，breathe air as we do.41．, many people don't know that they have developed some interesting sleeping 42． (habit) to adjust to their regular trips up the surface for air.
43． ( like ) our own breathing，which does not require any effort，marine mammals must consciously go to the surface of the water44． ( breathe) through a blowhole on top of their heads. Because of this，they don't sleep for45． solid 8 hours a night like we do.
Some marine mammals sleep while46． (swim ). Whales nap for brief periods，during47．an alert(警觉的）friend guides them. In fact, a young whale must sleep alongside its mother because the mother's slipstream actually pulls the calf along.
Others，like dolphins，sleep while floating on the surface of the water or take short catnaps while floating below the surface.Researchers claim that when they sleep，their brain is always48．( partial) alert.Aside from these brief naps，dolphins are active most of the night.
Of course，marine mammals49．( equip) to handle underwater sleeping. They have50．( large)lungs，exchange air more fully at each breath， and carry more oxygen in their blood than we do, so they can hold their breath long enough to sleep with the fishes.
41．However42．habits43．Unlike44．to breathe45．a46．swimming47．which48．partially49．are equipped 【答案】
to
50．larger
【解析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了海洋生物有趣的睡觉习惯。
1.考查副词。结合空白处前一句“Many people know that marine mammals，like whales and dolphins，breathe air as we do.”很多人知道海洋哺乳动物，像鲸鱼和海豚，像我们一样呼吸空气。空白处后一句“ many people don't know that ....”很多人们不知道......,由此可知，空白处表示转折关系。故填However。
2. 考查名词。habit作为名词讲时，是可数名词，且被some修饰，所以空白处填habits。故填habits。 3. 考查介词。句意：与人类呼吸不同，这些动物必须到水面，通过头顶的气孔，进行“有意识”的呼吸。结合句中“breathe through a blowhole on top of their heads. ”可知，此处是海洋哺乳动物的呼吸和我们人类呼吸不一样，所以填unlike。因为处于句首，所以首字母大写。故填Unlike。
4.考查不定式做目的状语。结合空白处前“marine mammals must consciously go to the surface of the water”海洋 哺乳动物必须有意识地到水面，可知空白处是海洋哺乳动物到水面的目的，所以要用不定式。故填to breathe。5.考查冠词。句意：他们不会像我们一样每晚睡一个固定的8个小时。可知，此处泛指睡8个小时的固定习惯，solid 首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。
6.考查状语从句的省略。句意：一些海洋哺乳动物在它们游泳时睡觉。分析句子可知，本句用到了省略句，完整句式为：Some marine mammals sleep while they are swimming.结合省略句的规则，在时间状语从句中， 从句的主语和主句主语一致且从句中用到了be动词，使用时可以省略从句主语和be动词。故填swimming。7.考查介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。分析句子可知，空白处指的是在这个简短的阶段，先行词为 periods，作during的宾语，关系代词要用which。故填which。
8.考查副词。空白处后的词alert为形容词，副词修饰形容词。所以空白处用副词。故填partially。 9. 考查时态和被动语态。句意：海洋哺乳动物有能力在水下睡觉。结合全文可知，全文的时态为一般现在时，所以空白处用同样的时态；固定搭配：equip sb./sth. to do sth.可知，此处marine mammals和equip之间为动宾关系，所以equip要用被动。故填are equipped。
10.考查比较级。结合上文，可知，海洋哺乳动物的呼吸和人类是不一样的，所以，此处可知它们拥有更大的肺，所以用比较级。故填larger。
【四川省树德中学2021届高三上学期10月阶段性测】在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
The number of people spending their spare time learning a foreign language has increased in the last decade. This could be 41． , as the world has developed and air travel has become 42． (cheap) than before, more and more people are able to visit different 43． (country). Also, more companies work on an international level and,
therefore, if you know a foreign language, you may find that you have the 44． (able) to work with foreigners and that you will be flexible about where you work. 45． (learn) a foreign language can be fun, and the 46． (friend) atmosphere of a language class will also provide you 47． the opportunity to meet new people with common interests. Besides this, knowledge of the language of a country you visit will make you feel more confident as you will be able 48． (communicate) at a basic level with the local people. Another advantage of learning a language is 49． it will help you understand the culture of the country you are visiting. So if you’re looking for something 50． (meaning) to do in your spare time and you’re willing to study, then why not try a language class?
【答案】41．possible42．cheaper43．countries44．ability45．Learning46．friendly47．with48．to communicate 49．that50．meaningful
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了学习一门外语的优势。
41．考查形容词。句意：这是可能的，因为世界已经发展，航空旅行比以前更便宜，越来越多的人能够到访不同的国家。分析句子可知这是一个主系表结构，系动词be后接形容词作表语，构成系表结构，根据上下文的内容可知此处表示这件事是可能的，形容词possible：可能的，故填possible。
42．考查形容词比较级。句意：这是可能的，因为世界已经发展，航空旅行比以前更便宜，越来越多的人能够到访不同的国家。根据介词than（比）可知，此处用形容词比较级，cheap的比较级为cheaper，故填cheaper。
43．考查名词单复数。句意：这是可能的，因为世界已经发展，航空旅行比以前更便宜，越来越多的人能够到访不同的国家。根据形容词different（不同的）可知后接可数名词复数形式，country的复数形式为countries，故填countries。
44．考查词性转换。句意：如果你会一门外语，你就会发现你可以和外国人一起工作。根据空前的定冠词the可知，此处需要名词，able（可以的）的名词形式为ability（能力），为不可数名词，短语have the ability to do sth表示“有能力（可以）做...”符合句意，故填ability。
45．考查非谓语动词。句意：学一门语言是很有趣的。分析句子可知此处缺主语，需要动名词充当主语，故填Learning。
46．考查形容词。句意：语言课的友好氛围也会让你有机会结识志同道合的新朋友。根据空后的名词atmosphere（氛围）可知，此处需要形容词作定语，friend的形容词为friendly（友好的），故填friendly。 47．考查介词/固定搭配。句意：语言课的友好氛围也会让你有机会结识志同道合的新朋友。短语provide sb with sth表示“给某人提供某物”，故填with。
48．考查非谓语动词/固定搭配。句意：除此之外，了解你所访问国家的语言会让你更加自信，因为你将能够与当地人民进行基本的交流。词组be able to do:会/能做某事，可知此处要填动词不定式，故填to communicate。
49．考查表语从句引导词。句意：学习一门语言的另一个好处是它会帮助你了解你要去的国家的文化。分析句子可知这是系动词is后接表语从句，从句内容、成分完整，使用that引导从句不可省略，故填that。 50．考查形容词。句意：所以，如果你想在业余时间做一些有意义的事情，并且愿意学习，那么为什么不试试语言课呢?分析句子可知，形容词修饰不定代词something需要后置，meaning的形容词为meaningful（有意义的）符合句意，故填meaningful。
【山西省运城市高中联合体2021届高三10月阶段检测】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
For two centuries, the famous University of Cambridge has hosted many debates for outstanding figures, from world leaders to scientists to comedians. On Nov. 21,2019, the Cambridge Union invited its first non-human guest.
41． (design) by IBM, Project Debater(辩手) is a machine that uses Artificial Intelligence (Al) to form a spoken argument. It can even listen and answer like a real person. Project Debater uses Al 42． (search) for journals, newspapers and other information sources. It then leaves out 43． (use) information, picks the right arguments and arranges them into a persuasive argument. According to IBM, it is the first machine 44． can debate complicated topics with humans. Before the debate, more than 1,100 arguments for the positives and negatives of Al
45． (submit) to the IBM website. The machine analyzed these sources and formed the basis of 46． (it) arguments in minutes. Project Debater showed its intelligence 47． people by arguing for both sides of the debate. This isn’t the first test for Project Debater. Once the machine went back-and-forth for 20 minutes against 48． debater named Harish Natarajan. Noam Slonim, the projects lead engineer, said, “The Al is not perfect, but it’s going in the right 49． (direct).” The team hopes to improve the Al by researching why humans find certain 50． (strong) arguments than others. They also hope the test might provide well-informed viewpoints for society, governments and private companies.
【答案】41．Designed42．to search43．useless44．that45．were submitted/had been submitted46．its47．to48．a 49．direction50．stronger
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要描述了机器人参加了剑桥大学举办的一次辩论赛。
41．考查过去分词。句意：由IBM设计的Project Debater是一台使用人工智能进行口头辩论的机器。前句和后句没有连接词连接，且前句无主语，所以此处用非谓语动词形式，design与逻辑主语“Project Debater”
是被动关系，用过去分词表示被动。故填Designed。
42．考查动词不定式。句意：Project Debater使用AI搜索期刊、报纸和其他信息来源。use sth to do sth表示用某物去做某事，是固定搭配。故填to search 。
43．考查形容词。句意：然后剔除无用的信息，选择正确的论点，并将它们排列成有说服力的论点。此处修饰“information”，需要用形容词做定语，再根据语境可知此处表示“过滤掉无用的信息”。故填useless。 44．考查定语从句。句意：根据IBM的说法，它是第一台可以与人类讨论复杂话题的机器。_____ can debate complicated topics with humans是定语从句，此处先行词在定语从句中做主语，而且先行词前有序数词“the fist”，故此处只能用关系代词that。故填that。
45．考查时态和语态。句意：在辩论之前，超过1100个关于AI的积极和消极的论点被提交到IBM的网站上。此处动作发生在辩论前，而且主语“arguments”与“submit”之间是被动关系，可以用一般过去时或者过去完成时。故填were submitted/had been submitted。
46．考查代词。句意：机器分析了这些来源，并在几分钟内形成了其论点的基础。根据空后的名词形式可知此处用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
47．考查介词。句意：Project Debater通过为双方辩论展示出自己的智力。show sth. to sb.表示向某人展示某物，是固定搭配。故填to。
48．考查冠词。句意：一个叫Harish Natarajan的辩手。此处表示泛指，需要用不定冠词。故填a。 49．考查名词。句意：该项目的首席工程师诺姆·斯洛尼姆(Noam Slonim)说，“AI并不完美，但它正在朝着正确的方向前进。”根据空前的形容词“right”可知此处是名词形式。故填direction。
50．考查比较级。句意：该团队希望通过研究为什么人类会比其他人找到更有力的论据来改善AI。 根据“than”可知此处用形容词的比较级形式。故填stronger。
【广西防城港市防城中学2021届高三上学期10月月考】阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或使用括号中的词语的正确形式填空。 Dear Tom，
I’m very glad to receive your letter. You said you were 41．（deep）touched by those players’ excellent performance while 42．(watch) the Paralympic Games (残奥会). So was I.
At first, I 43．(move) by the disabled players’ optimistic attitude 44．life. Although they are not as healthy as normal people, they still love life whole-heartedly. They try to realize their 45．(dream) by doing sports. In order to win the games, they have to work much 46．(hard) than healthy people. However, they never give up. That is 47．we should learn from them.
48． (be) healthy people, we are so lucky that we should value what we own and try 49．(we) best to live 50．meaningful life. Don’t you think so?
Yours, Zhang Hua
【答案】41．deeply42．watching43．was moved44．towards/to45．dreams46．harder47．what48．Being49．our 50．a
【解析】本文是一篇应用文。在信中作者表达了自己被残奥会运动员的精神所感动，同时，希望所有人向他们学习，过有意义的生活。
41．考查副词。句意：你说在观看残奥会时，你被那些运动员的出色表现深深感动了。修饰形容词要用副词，“touched感动的”是抽象意义形容词，所以应使用副词deeply。故填deeply。
42．考查非谓语动词。句意：你说在观看残奥会时，你被那些运动员的出色表现深深感动了。while引导的时间状语从句完整句式是“…while you were watching the Paralympic Games (残奥会).”，此时从句中可以省略与主语相同的主语和系动词。故填watching。
43．考查动词时态及语态。句意：一开始，我被残疾运动员乐观的生活态度所感动。根据语境，作者被感动，所以用被动语态。主语是I，由第一段可知，作者是描述他看比赛时候到的感受，所以用过去式。故填was moved。
44．考查介词。句意：一开始，我被残疾运动员乐观的生活态度所感动。“attitude towards/to对……的态度态度”是固定搭配。这里指运动员对于生活的态度。故填towards或to。
45．考查名词复数。句意：他们试图通过做运动来实现他们的梦想。空格前有形容词性物主代词their修饰，所以需要填不可数名词或可数名词的复数形式，dream作名词时是可数名词。故填dreams。
46．考查副词比较级。句意：为了赢得比赛，他们必须比健康人更加努力地工作。由than可知，这里要填hard的比较级形式。故填harder。
47．考查名词性从句。句意：这是我们应该向他们学习的。分析句子结构可知，空格处缺关系词，引导表语从句，从句中谓语动词learn后面缺少宾语，应使用what，指代“学习的东西”。故填what。
48．考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一个健康的人，我们是如此的幸运，我们应该珍惜我们所拥有的，并尽最大努力过上有意义的生活。分析句子结构，be动词是非谓语动词，且与句子主语we是主谓关系。故填Being。
49．考查代词。句意：作为一个健康的人，我们是如此的幸运，我们应该珍惜我们所拥有的，并尽最大努力过上有意义的生活。“try one’s best to do sth.尽某人最大努力做某事”是固定短语。故填our。
50．考查冠词。句意：作为一个健康的人，我们是如此的幸运，我们应该珍惜我们所拥有的，并尽最大努力过上有意义的生活。“live a/an…life过一种……的生活”是固定短语，meaningful是以辅音音素开头的词，应使用a。故填a。
【四川省绵阳市高中2021届高三上学期第一次诊断性】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
In ancient times, our ancestors relied on stars to guide them 41．a clear night. Today,with the help of Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), 42．is entirely built by Chinese engineers, we Chinese can easily find our way.
The BDS is one of four global navigation 43．(network),along with the United States' GPS,Russia's GLONASS and the European Union's Galileo. With the last satellite launched from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center on June 23, the global network of 59 satellites 44．(complete) since then. On July 31,Beidou started providing full-scale global services. It's difficult to imagine the great effect which those satellites have on our daily lives. This year, Hellobike, a popular bike-sharing company came out with two new bike models 45．（equip) with the positioning service.Users can find shared bikes more accurately thanks to Beidou's global positioning accuracy of 2.34 meters.
As the 46．(large) space-based system in China,Beidou adopts a unique two-way communication system, including its ability 47．(receive) messages sent by people from areas with poor signals. 48． (obvious), this exclusive function isn't designed for users to chat online. Instead,it plays 49． important role when terrible disasters occur and ground-based communications are blocked. As Sun Jiadong,former chief designer of the BDS,put it:\" The application of Beidou is only limited by 50．（imagine).\"
41．on42．which43．networks44．has been completed45．equipped46．largest47．to receive48．Obviously 【答案】
49．an50．imagination
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了北斗导航系统的应用功能等基本情况。
41．考查时间介词。句意：在古代，我们的祖先在晴朗的夜晚依靠星星指引他们前进。根据句意“在晴朗的夜晚”可知，具体到了一个怎样的夜晚，故时间介词用on。故填on。
42．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：今天，在完全由中国工程师建造的北斗导航卫星系统的帮助下，我们中国人很容易找到自己的路。句中“___is entirely built by Chinese engineers”做定语修饰限定先行词BDS，它是个句子且其前有逗号，故为非限制性定语从句。空格处为此从句的关系词且从句缺主语，故关系词从关系代词that/which/as中选择。其中“as”表示“正如”时或固定搭配中使用，that不用于非限定从，故“as/that”不适合本从句。故填which。
43．BDS是四个全球导航网络之一。考查名词。句意：分析句子可知，空格处需填名词，且“one of…(network).”意为 “……网络之一”。根据“one of…”“……之一”使用时，其后名词需用复数形式。故填networks。 44．考查谓语动词。句意：随着最后一颗卫星于6月23日从西昌卫星发射中心发射升空，由59颗卫星组成的全球网络从此建成。分析句子结构可知空格处为谓语动词，和主语“the global network of 59 satellites”为被动关系，且根据“…since then”“自那之后”可知，本句时态为现在完成时。故填has been completed。 45．考查非谓语动词。句意：今年，一家受欢迎的自行车共享公司Hellobike推出了两款配备了定位系统服务的新型自行车。分析句子结构可知空格处为非谓语动词，作后置定语修饰限定名词“bike models”，且二者为逻辑上的动宾关系，故其形式为过去分词。故填equipped。
46．考查形容词。句意：作为中国最大的天基系统。分析句子可知，空格处为形容词，用于修饰限定名词“system”，且根据句意及空格前的“the”可知，此形容词需用最高级形式。故填largest。
47．考查非谓语动词。句意：包括接收信号较差地区人们发送的信息的能力。分析句子结构可知空格处为非谓语动词作定语修饰限定名词“ability”，由于某些动词或形容词后可接不定式时，它相应的同根名词也常用不定式做定语，“able”后接不定式，即“be able to do”且它的同根名词为“ability”，所以“ability”后用不定式作定语。故填to receive。
48．考查副词。句意：显然，这个独家功能并不是为用户在线聊天而设计的。根据句意及句子分析可知，空格处用来修饰整个句子，副词可修饰句子，故用其副词形式。故填Obviously。
49．考查固定搭配。句意：相反，当发生严重灾难以及地面通讯中断时，它发挥着重要的作用。固定短语“play an important role…”意为“在……中扮演重要角色/在……上发挥重要作用”。故填an。
50．考查名词。句意：唯有想象能够限制北斗的应用。分析句子及句意“被想象所限制”可知，空格处需填名词，“imagine”的名词形式为“imagination”。故填imagination。
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