大学英语四级(2013年12月考试改革适用)模拟试卷72(题后含答案及解析)

大学英语四级（2013年12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷72 (题后含答

案及解析)

题型有：1. Writing 2. Listening Comprehension 3. 4. Reading Comprehension 5. Translation

Part I Writing

1． For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on endless delay. You should write at least 720 words but no more than 180 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1.

正确答案： Endless Delay As is vividly depicted in the picture, a girl, looking at the huge pile of homework with great regret, says “ Maybe I should have started it sooner. “ The picture clearly shows the truth that students often put off tasks until the final deadlines. In my mind, there are three reasons to explain this phenomenon. To begin with, tempted by a broad range of recreational activities, such as surfing online and watching movies, students often feel reluctant to finish their tasks before the deadlines. Furthermore, a large majority of students find it unnecessary to accomplish their tasks in advance, especially many of which may be handed in a month. Finally, some students may think they will always manage to complete their assignment at the last minute. In conclusion, endless delay has become a common phenomenon. Not only should students prioritize their tasks, they should also learn to finish their tasks by resisting temptation.

Part II Listening Comprehension

Section A

听力原文：W: Are you going to study abroad after you finish your study at the university?M: I have changed my mind about that. I think there is more opportunity for me here and I want to start a company of my own. Q: What does the man mean?

2．

A．He is going to change his job.

B．He doesn’t want to graduate from the university. C．He will work in homeland instead of going abroad. D．He switched colleges for studying abroad.

正确答案：C

听力原文：W: I am totally exhausted. I stayed up the whole night studying for

the final examination. M: What have you done during your previous study time?Q: What does the man imply?

3．

A．She has wasted much study time. B．She sleeps too much.

C．Staying up is bad for her health. D．She is an excellent student.

正确答案：A

听力原文：M: The subway is running behind schedule, and traffic is backed up for blocks. I don’t know if we’ll make the 7:15 show.W: It’s beautiful night. Let’s try to get there on foot. We may have dinner near the theatre. Q: Where are they heading for?

4．

A．The subway station. B．The woman’s home. C．The restaurant. D．The theatre.

正确答案：D

听力原文：M: Andrew likes his new house. But he can not stop complaining about the noise.W: What did he expect? He would love to choose the house with the supermarket downstairs. Q: What does the woman mean?

5．

A．Andrew should have known that the house would be noisy.

B．Andrew should have chosen the house with the supermarket downstairs. C．Andrew chose the house for its convenience. D．Andrew’s complaint is very reasonable.

正确答案：A

听力原文：M: Hi, Alice. Fancy meeting you here!W: Yeah. It has been three years since we graduated from the college, but you look almost the same as years before. Any new information about the others? Q: What has happened to the speakers?

6．

A．They have just graduated from college. B．They missed each other very much. C．They didn’t change too much.

D．They met with each other unexpectedly.

正确答案：D

听力原文：W: Have you finished the assignments of Prof. Li’s last class?M: As soon as I went back home, that idea evaporated from my memory. I only hope Prof. Li would forget that thing. Q: What does the man probably mean?

7．

A．He has a bad memory.

B．Prof. Li will not remember the assignments. C．He didn’t finish those assignments. D．He missed home very much.

正确答案：C

听力原文：M: I found a wallet on my way to the library, and I do not know how to handle it.W: If I were you. I’d check whether there are hints about the owner in the wallet. If there is no hint, I’d turn it in to the security office of our school. Q: What’s the woman’s suggestion for the man?

8．

A．Giving her the wallet.

B．Putting the wallet in the library.

C．Trying to find any clues about the owner. D．Taking all things out of the wallet.

正确答案：C

听力原文：M: The winter does come today, I think.W: Sure it does. It is reported that the temperature goes below 15 degrees. And my fingers got totally numb. What shall I do with them? Q: What is the woman most probably going to do?

9．

A．Listen to the weather report. B．Warm the fingers. C．Turn on the lights. D．Go outside.

正确答案：B

听力原文：M: I really can’t stand them anymore!W: Who? What happened?M: My roommates. Two of them keep talking till midnight and make it impossible to get to sleep.W: I know how you feel. It’s never easy to live with inconsiderate roommates. I once had a roommate who never cleaned the dormitory or fetched water. M: So what did you do with her? W: At first I tried to ignore it because I didn’t want to cause anything unpleasant. But things didn’t become any better. Suddenly one day I broke out, and said something like “ My dear fellow, I really appreciate it if you remember to clean the room once in a while. “ M: Oh, no. You’ve got to be careful with

complaints, especially when it comes to your roommates.Anyway you meet each other every day. W: That’s what I’ve learned from our quarrel and the subsequent coldness between us. Now I realize that I should have put it nicely or casually, something like “ Hi, Cindy, it’s your turn to clean the dormitory today. “ M: Perfect. It’s hard to take offense at something like this. Maybe we should learn tolerance and understanding. W: That’s right. We should bear in mind that we all have shortcomings, or rather peculiar habits. When I come to think of Cindy, she’s really a nice girl except being forgetful and careless. M: I guess you are right. What would you do if you have roommates chatting at bedtime every night? W: I would talk it over with them, of course. But I would remember I breathe noisily in my sleep and often keep them awake half the night as well. M: You do? W: No, just an example.9. What problem is bothering the man? 10. What lesson does the woman learn from her experience with her roommate? 11. What is their common conclusion about roommate problems?

10．

A．His roommates’ dialects are difficult to understand. B．His roommates come back to the dormitory at midnight. C．He quarreled with his roommates last night.

D．He can’t fall asleep due to his roommates’ chatting.

正确答案：D

11．

A．There will usually be a cold war after a quarrel.

B．There should be clear duty divisions between roommates. C．Roommates should be careful with complaints.

D．Roommates should remind each other about their duties.

正确答案：C

12．

A．Ignoring the problem to avoid causing anything unpleasant. B．Trying to find a roommate who is considerate and careful. C．Being tolerant and understanding each other’s shortcomings. D．Having a quarrel with your roommate with offensive words.

正确答案：C

听力原文：M: Thanks for coming over, Amy. I’d like to talk to you about a research project I thought you might be interested in. A friend of mine is working in Iowa National Park this summer. W: A national park! I’ve always wanted to spend some time out in Iowa. M: You’d better hear what project is about first. My friend is working with the red fox population. The foxes have been increasing in size lately, which is good in theory. W: Yeah, but I thought they were in danger of dying out. M: Because of the winter tourists, paths are created in the snow. More red foxes are

surviving the harsh winters because the paths make it easier for the foxes to move around and find food. But it turns out that some of them are infected with bacteria. W: Oh yeah, I heard about that. It’s been around for a while. M: Yes. And because the red fox population is increasing, they’ve been moving more than usual and need more food, they began to hunt in the farm which borders the national park. As a result, the bacteria have spread to the neighboring farms. W: That’s bad news. Isn’t that disease that causes animal abortion?M: Yes, and it has caused a lot of controversy. Some of the farmers even want to destroy the red foxes. W: That’s awful. Have they made much progress with the research?M: So far, they have been collecting tissue samples from dead foxes to see if the bacteria are present. W: I’d really be interested in working on this. You know I’ve been researching diseased animal population. M: That’s why I thought of you.12. What is the man talking about with the woman? 13. Why is the number of red foxes increasing? 14. Why do some farmers want to kill red foxes? 15. Why does the man consider the woman suitable for the project?

13．

A．A summer holiday she’s been longing for. B．A research project that might interest her. C．A job she will take after graduation.

D．A graduation speech she’s going to deliver.

正确答案：B

14．

A．They are being well protected by humans. B．They are offered more food by tourists.

C．They are physically adapted to the harsh winter. D．They are enabled by the paths to find more food.

正确答案：D

15．

A．They may attack human beings in the farm. B．They caused abortion of farm animals. C．They destroy the farm crops.

D．They have valuable furs and meat.

正确答案：B

16．

A．Because she is well-informed with red foxes.

B．Because she once visited the red fox national park. C．Because she majors in animal disease prevention. D．Because she’s been conducting relevant researches.

正确答案：D

Section B

听力原文： Sixty parents of youth athletes, ages 6 to 13, were interviewed in Minneapolis and its suburbs. It was found that parents brought post-game snacks for the team. The snacks typically included such items as candy, ice cream, pizza, cheese, chips. It was also quite normal for the parents to stop at fast-food restaurants like McDonald’s and Dairy Queen or grab a hot dog and a sugary sports drink at the snack bar during a meet. For growing teenagers, a big meal after a tough game or race is necessary to supplement the body. And since they bum a lot of calories, they also need a fair amount of fat and protein. An active teenage boy requires about 3,000 calories a day and an active teenage girl about 2,400 calories. Younger children require any where from 600 to 1,000 calories a day. Problems can arise, though, when young athletes are taking in calories after games. Very young athletes may be particularly prone to excess intake. Actually, they don’t exercise as much, and they don’t grow as much. They don’t need to be eating every two hours. The calories they take in are much more than they bum and do no good to their body. So parents are encouraged to pack healthy meals for their children so they can avoid fast food, and to leave fruit out and readily available in the kitchen. Schools and sports teams should also provide and encourage healthier options, including whole grains and nuts and other healthy protein sources, like lean meats and seafood.16. What was found in the interview of sixty parents? 17. Why do growing teenagers need big meals after games? 18. What problem arose from young athletes’ taking in too much calories after games? 19. What should parents do for their growing children?

17．

A．They gave their children post-game meals.

B．They provide enough nutrition for their children. C．They usually visit their children after the games.

D．They were interested in the children’s sports activities.

正确答案：A

18．

A．To provide enough nutrition. B．To supplement the body. C．To meet their growing need. D．To make them grow faster.

正确答案：B

19．

A．It makes them less active.

B．It makes them less healthy. C．It makes them fatter and fatter. D．It makes them lazier than before.

正确答案：B

20．

A．They should give them enough food. B．They should give them healthy food.

C．They should advise their children to have healthy meals. D．They should advise their children to have more meals.

正确答案：B

听力原文： About 5,000 years ago, the Egyptians and other people in the Near East began to use pictures as a kind of writing. They drew simple pictures or signs to represent things and ideas, and also to represent the sounds of their language. The signs these people used became a kind of alphabet. The Egyptians used to record information and to tell stories by putting picture writing and pictures together. When an important person died, scenes and stories from his life were painted on the walls of the place where he was buried. Some of these pictures are like modern comic strip stories. It has been said that Egypt is the home of the comic strip. But, for the Egyptians, pictures still had magic power. So they did not try to make their way of writing simple. The ordinary people could not understand it. By the year 1,000 BC, people who lived in the area around the Mediterranean Sea had developed a simpler system of writing. The signs they used were very easy to write, and there were fewer of them than in the Egyptian system. This was because each sign, or letter, represented only one sound in their language. The Greeks developed this system and formed the letters of the Greek alphabet. The Romans copied the idea, and the Roman alphabet is now used all over the world. These days, we can write down a story, or record information without using pictures. But we still need pictures of all kinds: drawing, photographs, signs and diagrams. Pictures help us to understand and remember things more easily, and they can make a story much more interesting.20. What did the Egyptians draw simple pictures for? 21. Why couldn’t the ordinary people understand the Egyptians’ way of writing? 22. Which alphabet is used worldwide?

21．

A．To express their religious belief and activities. B．To memorize the important people in their life. C．To describe their daily life vividly.

D．To symbolize objects, concepts and sounds.

正确答案：D

22．

A．It was complicated because of the pictures’ magic power. B．It was a weird language which only a few people understood. C．It was more relevant to pictures than to Egyptian words.

D．It was used by certain people who understood the magic power.

正确答案：A

23．

A．The Egyptian alphabet. B．The Greek alphabet. C．The Roman alphabet.

D．The Mediterranean alphabet.

正确答案：C

听力原文： Human beings have used tools for a very long time. In some parts of the world you can still find tools that people used more than two million years ago. They made these tools by hitting one stone against another. In this way, they broke off pieces from one of the stones. These chips of stone were usually sharp on one side. People used them for cutting meat and skin from dead animals, and also for making other tools out of wood. Tools helped people to get food more easily. Working with tools also helped to develop human intelligence. The human brain grew bigger, and human beings began to invent more and more tools and machines. The stone chip was one of the first tools that people used. Some scientists say that it was the key to success of mankind. Since 1960, a new kind of tool has appeared. This is the silicon chip—a little chip of silicon crystal. It is smaller than a fingernail, but it can store more than a million “bits” of information. It is an electronic brain. Every year these chips get cleverer, but their size gets smaller, and their cost gets less. They are used in watches, calculators and intelligent machines that we can use in many ways. In the future we will not need to work with tools in the old way. Human beings used stone chips for more than two million years, but human life changed very little in that time. We have used silicon chips for only a few years, but life is changing faster every day.23. How did early human beings make tools two million years ago? 24. What’s the difference between the stone chips and the silicon chips? 25. What is the passage mainly about?

24．

A．They made tools with special instruments. B．They made tools out of wood first. C．They made tools out of animal skin. D．They made tools out of stones first.

正确答案：D

25．

A．Stone chips have been used for thousands of years. B．Silicon chips have been used for hundreds of years. C．Stone chips have changed people’s life dramatically. D．Silicon chips have changed people’s life dramatically.

正确答案：D

26．

A．An introduction to two kinds of tools. B．The origin of the silicon chips.

C．The way ancient people made tools. D．The changes brought about by tools.

正确答案：A

Section C

You’ve been working out regularly for quite a while, but you’re nowhere near your fitness goals. So now it’s time to bring your【B1】______weapon in your mind. Rather than thinking of fitness as something【B2】______that you do with your body, take an analytical, goal-oriented approach to make physical【B3】______that stick. Try these tips for creating a smart fitness plan: Define your goals. Whether it’s to lose fat or【B4】______, it’s vital to have a goal to work toward. Knowing where you’re going makes it easier to take the right steps. Get【B5】______. Training gains are met through consistent effort over a period of time. Don’t expect【B6】______, overnight results. Reward yourself for all the little positive steps you take and for consistently striving forward. Be yourself. Work toward a goal that you can achieve with your body. Don’t try to change your basic shape or to go against your own unique physical capabilities.【B7】______at yourself, then work toward enhancing what you’ve got rather than trying to attain someone else’s body. 【B8】______your weaknesses, then use your brain to defeat them. Many people avoid their weak points or bad habits, hoping that they can ignore them. Instead, take them up as【B9】______to how you can improve. Keep a food and fitness journal for a month. Then analyze it for negative patterns. If you always overeat late at night, try going to a late-night movie to【B10】______food.

27． 【B1】

正确答案：ultimate

28． 【B2】

正确答案：mysterious

29． 【B3】

正确答案：improvements

30． 【B4】

正确答案：gain muscle

31． 【B5】

正确答案：realistic

32． 【B6】

正确答案：dramatic

33． 【B7】

正确答案：Take an objective look

34． 【B8】

正确答案：Identify

35． 【B9】

正确答案：clues

36． 【B10】

正确答案：get your mind off

Part III Reading Comprehension

Section A

The point of factory farming is cheap meat, made possible by confining large numbers of animals in small spaces. Perhaps the greatest hidden cost is its potential effect on human health. Small doses of antibiotics(抗生素)—too small to kill bacteria—are【C1】______to factory farm animals as part of their【C2】______diet to promote growth and cancel the risks of overcrowding. What factory farms are really raising is antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which means that several

classes of antibiotics no longer work the way they should in humans. We pay for cheap meat by【C3】______some of the most important drugs ever developed. Last week, the Natural Resources Defense Council, joined by other advocacy groups, sued the Food and Drug Administration to【C4】______it to end the use of penicillin(盘尼西林)and tetracycline(四环素)not for curing diseases in farm animals. Vets would still be able to treat sick animals with these drugs but could not【C5】______add the drugs to their diets. For years, the F. D. A. has had the scientific studies and the【C6】______to ban these drugs. But it has always bowed to【C7】______from the farm lobbies, despite the well-founded【C8】______of groups like the American Medical Association and the World Health Organization, which support an antibiotic ban. It is time for the F. D. A. to stop corporate factory farms from wasting【C9】______drugs just to promote growth among animals confined in conditions that inherently create the risk of disease. The F. D. A. can change that by honoring its own scientific conclusions and its legislative obligation to end its【C10】______of unsafe drug uses.A)approval I)objectionsB)authority J)pressureC)compel K)regularD)compulsively L)routinelyE)demand M)sacrificingF)fed N)supportG)initiating O)valuable H)investigation

37． 【C1】

正确答案：F

解析：该空格位于系动词are之后，因此应填入动词过去分词表被动或填入名词、形容词作表语。根据句意，小剂量的抗生素作为动物饲料的一部分提供给动物，由此判断应填入fed，意为“喂养”。

38． 【C2】

正确答案：K

解析：该空格位于物主代词their和名词diet之间，故应填入形容词。由上下文可知，小剂量的抗生素是作为饲料的一部分喂给动物的，因此，抗生素的添加应该是经常出现的，故选择regular“定期的”。

39． 【C3】

正确答案：M

解析：空格前出现了by，故空格处应填入动词现在分词，表示通过做某事达到某个目的或效果。由上文可知，抗生素被添加进动物饲料中，使得一些抗生素不再能在人身上发挥其治病的作用，因此，一些非常有用的抗生素被白白浪费掉，故选择sacrificing“牺牲，浪费”。

40． 【C4】

正确答案：C

解析：该空格位于动词不定式的指示词to后，故应填入动词原形。根据句意，美国自然资源保护委员会对美国食品及药物管理局提起诉讼，目的是为了使食品及药物管理局有所行动。而提起诉讼意味着不管食品及药物管理局愿意与否，它都必须有所反应，这是一种迫使的行为，因此选择compel“迫使”。

41． 【C5】

正确答案：L

解析：该空格位于动词add之前，故推断此空格处应填入副词。由第37题填入的regular一词可知，此处应填入routinely，意为“常规地，例行地，日常地”。

42． 【C6】

正确答案：B

解析：该空格位于定冠词the之后，故应填入名词。由上文可知，美国自然资源保护委员会迫使食品及药物管理局做出行动，制止将一些不以治疗为目的的药物用于动物身上。这就证明食品及药物管理局有权处理这一问题，因此选择authority“权力”。

43． 【C7】

正确答案：J

解析：该空格位于介词to之后，from之前，故推断此空格处应填入名词。管理局总是屈服于农业游说人士，据此推断应当是管理局承受了压力，故选择pressure“压力”。

44． 【C8】

正确答案：I 解析：该空格位于the well-founded之后，故应填入名词。由空格前的despite“尽管”一词及空格后的组织名可知，这些组织对滥用抗生素持有反对观点，故空格处应填入objections“反对”.

45． 【C9】

正确答案：O

解析：该空格位于名词drugs之前，据此推断应填入形容词。由空格前的wasting以及上下文可知，浪费的是有价值的药品，故选择valuable“有价值的”。

46． 【C10】

正确答案：A

解析：该空格位于物主代词its之后，故判断应填入名词。由上文可知，尽

管美国食品及药物管理局有权制止滥用抗生素的行为，但它却没有采取行动。作者在最后一段呼吁该部门停止对滥用药物行为的认可或批准，故选择approval“批准”。support意为“支持”，从原文可以看出，食品及药物管理局之所以没有制止滥用抗生素，是由于它受到来自外部的压力，而不是因为它支持这种行为，故排除。

Section B

How to Reinvent College Rankings: Show the Data Students Need MostA)All rankings are misleading and biased(有偏见的). But they’re also the only way to pick a school. I’ve heard those exact words dozens of times and inferred their sentiment hundreds more. They undoubtedly were a major contributing factor in the 250,000 applications to the top colleges this past year. With only 14,000 chances available, there will be a lot of disappointed families when decisions are announced in a few days. For 30 years, I’ve co-authored bestselling books and provocative articles about how to improve one’s chances of being accepted at a “top” college.B)The first edition of our book Getting In! revealed what went on behind the admission committees’ closed doors, and introduced the concepts of packaging and positioning to the college-application vocabulary. The newest edition adapts the same principles to the digital age. But the core message remains: good colleges are not looking for the well-rounded kid—they’re looking to put together the well-rounded class.C)What were revelations in 1983 are common knowledge today—at least among college-bound students, parents, and counselors. They also don’t have to be told that the odds of getting into a “highly selective” school are ridiculously low. Brown and Dartmouth will each accept about 9 percent of applicants; Cornell, Northwestern, and Georgetown about 16 percent. And Harvard, Yale, and Stanford? Forget about it: less than 7 percent!D)Wanting to attend a “name” school isn’t illogical. And there is nothing illogical in parents wanting a better return on their investment. A college’s brand value—whether that school’s name will be recognized and open employers’ door.E)Colleges, counselors, and parents talk a lot about finding the right “fit” between a school and a student. In reality, the process is dominated by reputation. The problem is that college reputations have been controlled by rankings. Far too many “highly ranked” colleges are gaming the rankings and trying to attract more and more applicants—when the particular college is actually a poor “fit” for many of the kids applying. Colleges want to attract and reject more kids because that “selectivity” improves the institution’s ranking. College presidents publicly complain there are too many college rankings. Privately, they admit they have to provide the data that feed that maw(大胃口). They can’t afford to be left off a rankings list. The real losers in this system are students and their parents. A bad fit is costly, not just in dollars, but in time, energy, and psychological well-being.F)The emphasis should be on finding the right fit. But finding the right fit is not easy. Subjective guidebooks like Edward Fiske’s—originally titled The New York Times Selective Guide to Colleges— are very useful and consciously do not include rankings. Ted changed his three-category rating system to make it more difficult to simply add “stars” and rank-list colleges.

Even families who can afford to visit lots of colleges and endure the backward-walking tours find that campus personalities soon blur in their memory.G)Thus it is not surprising that anxious, busy parents turn to rankings for shorthand comfort. Unfortunately, the data that U. S. News and other media companies are collecting are largely irrelevant. As a result, the rankings they generate are not meaningless, just misleading. Some examples: U. S. News places a good deal of emphasis on the percentage of faculty who hold a “terminal degree”—typically a Ph. D. Unfortunately, a terminal degree does not correlate(相关的)in any way with whether that professor is a good teacher. It also doesn’t improve that professor’s accessibility to students. In fact, there is usually such a correlation; the more senior the professor, the less time they have for undergraduates.H)U.S. News’ second most heavily weighted factor—after a college’s six-year graduation rate—is a peer assessment of colleges by college presidents and admissions deans. You read that right; administrators are asked to evaluate colleges that are competitive with their own school. If not an complete conflict of interest, this measure is highly suspect.I)Even some seemingly reasonable “inputs” are often meaningless. U. S. News heavily weights the number of classes with fewer than 20 students. But small classes are like comfort food: it is what high-school kids are familiar with. They have never sat in a large lecture hall with a very interesting speaker. So it is not something they could look forward or value.J)While most rankings suffer from major problems in criteria(标准)and inputs, the biggest problem is simpler; all the ranking systems use weightings that reflect the editors’ personal biases. Very simply, some editors’ priorities are undoubtedly going be different from what is important to me. Assuredly, my preferences are different from my kids’. And both will differ markedly from our neighbors’ objectives.K)Colleges say they truly want to attract kids for whom the school will be a good fit. To make good on that promise, colleges need to provide families with insight, not just information; and they need to focus on outputs, not just inputs. Collecting and sharing four sets of very different data would be a good start: Better insight into the quality of education a student will get on that campus. Colleges need to share the exam scores for all students applying to medical school, law school, business school, and graduate programs. These tests reflect not just the ability of the kids who’ve gone to that college, but what they’ve learned in the three-plus years they’ve attended. Colleges need to assess a campus’ “happiness” coefficient(系数). A happy campus is a more productive learning environment; and one that has a lower incidence of alcohol and drug abuse. The full debt that families incur(招致); not just student debt. The salaries of graduates one, five, and 10 years after graduation.L)A fifth useful metric is what employers—both nationally and regionally—think of graduates from particular colleges. Hiring preferences are a useful proxy(代表)for reputation.M)The last piece in enabling families to find a better fit will come from entrepreneurs. Some smart “kid” will develop an online tool that will allow students and parents to take this new college-reported data and assign weighting factors to the characteristics that are important to them. The tool would then generate a customized ranking of colleges that reflects the family’s priorities—not some editor’s.N)Colleges may complain about the rankings, but they are complicit(串通一气的)in keeping

them. It is reminiscent(怀旧的)of the classic Claude Raines line in Casablanca; “I’m shocked, shocked to find that gambling is going on in here!” If colleges really want kids for whom their college is a good fit, they will collect and publish the types of honest data that will give families a better basis for smart decisions.

47． The rankings generated on the basis of data collected by U. S. News and other media companies are misleading.

正确答案：G

解析：根据定位句可知，不幸的是，《美国新闻》及其他媒体公司正在收集的数据大部分是不相关的，结果它们产生的排名并不是毫无意义，而是具有误导性。题干中的on the basis of data collected by…与原文中的thedata that…are collecting对应，故答案为G)。

48． It is more productive to study in a happy campus that has a lower rate of happening of alcohol and drug abuse.

正确答案：K

解析：根据定位句可知，具有快乐氛围的校园是一个能更高效学习的环境，酗酒和吸毒的发生率也较低。定位句是两个分句，而题干是一个含有定语从句的复合句，题干中的it is more productive to study in a happycampus是对定位句中a happy campus is a more productive learning environment的同义转换；a lower rateof happening与定位句中的a lower incidence意思相近，故答案为K)。

49． Usually, it’s true that a more senior professor may have less time to teach undergraduates.

正确答案：G

解析：根据定位句可知，通常有这样的关联性：越资深的教授可能越没有时间用于本科生教学。定位句后半部分是the more…the less．．．结构，表示“越……越……”，与题干意思一致，故答案为G)。

50． There is no doubt that the rankings of colleges is the major factor for most of the applicants to choose the top colleges.

正确答案：A

解析：根据定位句可知，它们(大学排名)无疑是25万顶级大学申请者的主要参考因素。题干中的thereis no doubt that与定位句中的undoubtedly属于同义转述，定位句中的they就是指the rankings of colleges，故答案为A)。

51． It is common knowledge for students, parents, and counselors that the possibilities to be enrolled by a highly selective school are faint.

正确答案：C

解析：根据定位句可知，至少对于要上大学的学生、家长及指导老师来说，1983年揭露的事实现如今已经变成了常识，人们都知道进入“高选择性”学校的几率出奇地低。题干中的the possibilities to be enrolled by和faint分别与定位句中的the odds of getting into和ridiculously low属于同义转述，故答案为C)。

52． The reputation of colleges can be represented by hiring preferences of employers to graduates from particular colleges both national and regional wide.

正确答案：L 解析：根据定位旬可知，第五条有用的衡量标准就是国内及地区内的雇主如何看待某个大学的毕业生。雇佣倾向是大学声誉的有用代表。定位句是两句话，题干将这两句话进行了同义转述，故答案为L)。

53． The biggest problem of the ranking systems in standards and inputs is that they are biased by the editors’ personal view.

正确答案：J

解析：根据定位句可知，大部分排名面临的主要问题是在标准和信息方面，其中最大的问题更简单，就是所有的排名系统中所使用的权重都反映了编者的个人偏见，故答案为J)。

． If colleges do want to enroll suitable students, they will gather and publish honest data that will provide families with a better basis for smart decisions.

正确答案：N

解析：根据定位句可知，如果大学真的想录取合适的学生，那么它们将会收集并发布真实的数据，这样可以给家庭提供做出明智决定的依据。题干中的provide families with与定位句中的give families属于同义转述，故答案为N)。

55． According to the newest edition of the book Getting In!, good colleges hope to gather students for a well-rounded class.

正确答案：B

解析：根据定位句可知，最新版的《走进校园》保留了核心内容，即好大学不是在寻找全面发展的孩子，而是希望能组建一个全面发展的班级，故答案为B)。

56． Colleges wish to attract and reject more applicants, because selectivity enhances the college’s ranking.

正确答案：E

解析：根据定位句可知，大学想吸引并拒绝更多的申请者，因为择优的做法能够提高大学排名。题干中的enhances与定位句中的improves属于同义转述，

故答案为E)。

Section C

There was a time when college was a place where young adults could expand their horizons. But as tuition increases, student debt mounts and job prospects for recent graduates remain uncertain, today, students and parents say college should prepare students for a good job. 87. 9% of freshmen this year say a very important reason for going to college is “to be able to get a better job,” according to an annual survey by UCLA’s Cooperative Institutional Research Program. And parents are more likely to strongly agree that vocational school—or no college at all—provides a better pathway to a good job than does a liberal arts education, says a survey by Inside Higher Ed, a trade publication. The number of schools awarding more than half of their bachelor’s degrees in liberal-arts disciplines, such as history, literature and philosophy, has decreased, from 212 in 1990 to 130 last year, research by Vicki Baker, a professor Albion College in Michigan, shows. Meanwhile, governors of Texas, Florida, Wisconsin and, most recently, North Carolina, argue that public universities should focus on majors, especially in the fields of science, technology, engineering and math that will meet their state’s workforce needs. Even President Obama has made jobs central to his higher-education agenda. Supporters of the liberal arts say criticisms are based on outdated stereotypes. Many liberal arts colleges, including Shimer, have increased opportunities for internships(实习). North Carolina’s Davidson College will start a program this summer that will connect graduating seniors with paid fellowships at non-profits. Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem, N. C. , posts data so students can see where graduates with their majors have landed jobs—including art history majors at Sotheby’s, Deloitte Consulting and Kate Spade. On the other hand, more than 35 business schools last month met to talk about how to incorporate the liberal arts into their courses. “There’s a sense that business education has become too narrow and isn’t preparing graduates adequately—for career success, certainly—but also more broadly for lives as engaged citizens,” says Judith Samuelson of the non-profit Aspen Institute’s Business and Society program which organized the meeting.

57． What do we learn about college from the first paragraph? A．It can help young adults broaden their horizons. B．It cannot prepare graduates for a good job now. C．People have changed their requirement of it. D．People cannot afford its mounting tuition.

正确答案：C

解析：主旨大意题.本题考查第一段的主旨大意。文章第一段提到，大学曾经是年轻人开阔眼界的地方，但现在，学生和家长们都认为大学应该为学生更好地就业做准备，由此可知人们对大学的要求变了，故答案为C)。A)“它可以帮

助年轻人开阔眼界”是人们对大学曾经的印象，故排除；B)“它现在不能为毕业生找份好工作做好准备”和D)“人们现在负担不起不断攀升的学费”均夸大了原文意思，故排除。

58． What does the survey by Inside Higher Ed reveal? A．The freshmen of college dropped 87. 9% this year. B．All people go to college for getting a better job. C．Parents prefer vocational school to college now. D．Liberal arts education is more popular now.

正确答案：C

解析：事实细节题。本题考查《高校情报》发布的调查结果。由定位句可知，调查显示，家长们更强烈认同职业学校——或者根本不上大学——同人文学科教育相比，更能提供通向良好就业的通道。C)中的prefer…to…对应原文中的agree that…provides a better pathway，故C)为答案。A)“今年的大一新生数量减少了87．9％”是对原文的曲解，原文说的是有87．9％的大一新生上大学的一个重要原因是为了找份好工作，故排除；B)“所有人上大学都是为了找份好工作”夸大了原文意思，故排除；D)“人文学科教育现在更受欢迎”与原文意思相反，故排除。

59． According to the research by Vicki Baker, ______.

A．more than half of colleges award bachelor’s degrees in liberal-arts disciplines B．the number of liberal-arts disciplines decreased from 212 in 1990 to 130 last year

C．colleges have decreased the proportion of bachelor’s degrees in liberal-arts disciplines

D．colleges have decreased the number of liberal-arts courses by more than half

正确答案：C

解析：事实细节题。本题考查维奇·贝克所做的研究结果。定位句提到，维奇·贝克所做的研究显示，在人文学科(如历史、文学和哲学)上授予一半以上学士学位的学校数量从1990年的212所减少到了去年的130所，故答案为C)。由此可排除A)“超过一半的大学在人文学科上授予学士学位”、B)“人文学科的数量从1990年的212个减少到了去年的130个”和D)“大学将人文学科方面的课程减少了一半多”。

60． Some state governors argue that colleges should______. A．pay more attention to job-oriented majors B．increase students’ opportunities for internships

C．make graduates see where they can land jobs with their majors D．help graduating seniors find internships at non-profits

正确答案：A

解析：观点态度题。本题考查某些州长对大学的观点。由定位句可知，一些

州长们认为公立大学应该侧重于满足各州劳动力需求的专业，尤其是自然科学、技术、工程和数学等领域，故答案为A)。B)“增加学生的实习机会”、C)“让毕业生看到他们所学专业的就业方向”和D)“帮助大四毕业生在非盈利机构找到实习机会”是一些人文教育学院采取的措施，并不是一些州长的意见，故排除。

61． Why do some business schools want to incorporate the liberal arts into their courses?

A．Their education cannot guarantee a successful career to graduates. B．Their education cannot prepare graduates adequately for future lives. C．Their education is too narrow to prepare graduates as engaged citizens. D．Their education is too broad to provide graduates with career success.

正确答案：A 解析：推理判断题。本题考查某些商学院想要将人文学科教育纳入它们的课程的原因。由定位句可知，有一种看法认为商学院的教育对于职业成功而言，已经变得太过狭隘，不能帮助毕业生做好充分准备，故答案为A)。B)“它们的课程不能让毕业生为将来的生活做好充分准备”原文未提及，故排除；C)“它们的教育太狭隘而不能为作为忙碌公民的毕业生做准备”和D)“它们的教育太宽泛而无法为毕业生提供职业成功”与原文意思相反，故排除。

When it comes to video games and apps, what’s a parent to do? On the one hand, we’re told about the harm of letting kids play with computer games and gadgets(小器具). On the other, we’re attracted by games and apps marketed to us as “educational”. It’s a tricky line to follow. Kids’ apps range from “baking” cupcakes to crushing war demons(恶魔). Most of them have some educational aspect—at the very least kids learn what ingredients are used in cupcake baking, and the physics of launching Angry Birds at just the right angle to kill the piggies. That’s learning, isn’t it? There lie the vague boundaries. Not all games are educational, and not all are shallow forms of entertainment. In fact, most have some elements of both. The trick is to figure out what we want kids to learn and to experience. To collect them all into one category is to miss out on a huge treasure trove(宝库)of learning opportunities. Real learning apps have a set of criteria that qualifies them as educational, so rather than writing them all off as a waste of time, parents can figure out what their kids are exposed to. “ We don’t ever want to separate engagement from the purposes of learning,” said Daniel Edelson, Executive Director and Vice President of Education and Children’s Programs at the National Geographic Society at a cyber-learning conference last week. “ When you’re engaged with activities that have learning goals, you can connect the dots between engagement and learning. If you use engagement in its broadest possible sense when people are paying attention because of bright lights and activity, then you don’t find that connection. “ So should parents feel guilty allowing their kids to play games on mobile devices? “ No,” says Dr. Michael Levine of the Joan Ganz Cooney Center, which recently released a study called Learning: Is There an App For That. “ Kids see their parents using mobile phones all the time. It’s only natural for them to want to use them too.

And from the data in our study it looks like many parents are letting their children use them responsibly—with restrictions and in moderation. “

62． What can be inferred from the first paragraph?

A．Parents feel confused when choosing video games and apps for children. B．Parents should prevent children from playing video games and apps. C．Parents are told about the harm of different computer games and gadgets. D．Parents are advised to expose children to educational games and apps.

正确答案：A

解析：主旨大意题。本题考查第一段的主旨大意。第一段阐述了父母在选择视频游戏和应用程序时所面临的困境，暗示了他们在这方面的不知所措，故答案为A)。B)“父母应该阻止孩子玩视频游戏和应用程序”和D)“父母被建议应让孩子接触具有教育意义的游戏和应用程序”，原文均未提及，故排除；C)“父母被告知不同的电脑游戏和小器具的危害”，父母被告知的是孩子玩电脑游戏和应用程序的危害，而不是这些游戏本身有危害，故排除。

63． By “It’s a tricky line to follow” , the author means______.

A．it’s difficult to distinguish educational apps from entertaining ones B．all video games and apps make children learn something useful C．the users guides of some video games and apps are hard to follow D．children are too young to understand the educational aspects of games

正确答案：A

解析：推理判断题。本题考查“It’s a tricky line to follow”的隐含意义。由上下文，尤其是第了段前两句可知，不是所有的游戏都具有教育意义，也不是所有的游戏都只有肤浅的娱乐功能，这其中的界限很模糊。由此推测，我们很难找到一个参考标准将教育型游戏和娱乐型游戏区分开，故答案为A)。B)“所有的视频游戏和应用程序都能使孩子学到有用的东西”属于过度推断，原文第二段提到大多数而非所有的游戏都有教育意义，故排除；C)“有些视频游戏和应用程序的用户指南对孩子来说比较难理解”和D)“孩子们太小，不能理解游戏中的教育意义”，原文均未提及，故排除。

． When choosing games and apps, parents should______.

A．explore learning opportunities for children from different categories B．set up criteria on their own for evaluating the value of learning apps C．spend time figuring out what their children want to learn

D．make certain what they want children to learn and to experience

正确答案：D

解析：事实细节题。本题考查在选择游戏和应用程序时，父母应该怎么做。由定位句可知，在选择游戏和应用程序时，难处在于要找出我们需要孩子去学习什么、经历什么，而这恰恰也是父母们应该做的，故答案为D)。A)“从不同的

游戏类别中为孩子挖掘学习的机会”和B)“自行建立标准去评判学习型应用程序的价值”，原文均未提及，故排除；C)“花时间弄清楚孩子们想要学习什么”是对第三段末句的误解。第三段末句的意思是，父母应该弄清楚通过这些游戏孩子们到底接触了什么，而不是孩子们想要接触什么，故排除。

65． According to Daniel Edelson, when children play games and apps, ______. A．their parents should engage in the play B．they pay much attention to bright lights C．they should have the purposes of learning

D．their parents find the connection between playing and learning

正确答案：C

解析：观点态度题。本题考查丹尼尔·埃德尔森对孩子玩游戏的看法。定位句提到，丹尼尔·埃德尔森认为，我们不应该将参与感和学习目的分开。当你参与到具有学习目的的活动中时，你就将参与感和学习联系起来了，故答案为C)。A)“他们的父母应该参与到游戏中来”原文未提及，故排除；B)“他们将很多注意力集中于明亮的灯光上”是对第四段末句的曲解，第四段末句提到，当你用的是参与感的最宽泛定义的话，你会认为人们是由于明亮的灯光和活动才集中注意力，故排除；D)“他们的父母发现了玩和学之间的联系”是对定位句的曲解，故排除。

66． What can be learned from the study by Dr. Michael Levine? A．Kids’ playing mobile phones is mostly influenced by their parents. B．Many parents can properly supervise kids’ playing mobile phones. C．It is natural for kids to want to use mobile phones to learn something.

D．It is hard for parents to give children restrictions on playing mobile phones.

正确答案：B

解析：事实细节题。本题考查迈克尔·列文博士的研究发现。原文倒数第二段提出问题：父母应该为允许孩子们在移动设备上玩游戏而感到有负罪感吗?末段引用迈克尔·列文博士的话对这一问题给出了回答。迈克尔·列文博士提到不应感到愧疚的原因是，孩子想玩手机很正常，多数父母也能给予适当监督，故答案为B)。A)“孩子玩手机主要是受父母影响”属于过度推断，末段虽然提到父母玩手机会对孩子有影响，但未提及这是主要影响，故排除；C)“孩子想通过玩手机学点东西很正常”属于推断过度，末段只是说孩子想玩手机很正常，没有提到学习目的，故排除；D)“父母很难孩子玩手机”与原文意思相反，故排除。

Part Ⅳ Translation

67． 中国的长城是古代中国的军事防御建筑。首个最主要的城墙建于秦始皇统治时期。这个城墙并不是依靠的努力完成的，而是连接了建于战国时期(the Warring States)的不同地域的城墙。它位于现在长城的更北边，而且所剩无几。现存的长城主要是明长城，建于14世纪末期至17世纪初期，是为了保护中国不受蒙古人(Mongol)和突厥部落(Turkic tribe)的侵袭(raid)。

正确答案： The Great Wall of China is an ancient Chinese military defense construction. The first major wall was built during the reign of Qing Shihuang. This wall was not constructed as a single endeavor, but rather was created by the joining of several regional walls built by the Warring States. It was located much further north than the current Great Wall, and very little remains of it. The Great Wall nowadays is that of the Ming Dynasty built from the end of the 14th century until the beginning of the 17th century, in order to protect China from raids by the Mongols and Turkic tribes.