考研英语(二)模拟试卷147(题后含答案及解析)

考研英语（二）模拟试卷147 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. Use of English 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Writing

Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points)

If you want to succeed, you have to be passionate【C1】______your work. It has to be true. 【C2】______speakers around the globe say so. The prestigious consulting firm Deloitte quantified it in a report that said, “Up to 87. 7 percent of America’s workforce is not able to contribute【C3】______their full potential because they don’t have enthusiasm for their work. “ Enthusiasm for your work intensifies focus, provides the drive to persist when challenges【C4】______, and enables creativity. It is also important to remember【C5】______passion can fade and relationships with too much of it early on can result【C6】______disillusionment. You see this at work when a formerly “passionate” employee becomes jaded and cynical because things just aren’t as they used to be in the past. If you are fortunate to work every day at a career or job about which you are passionate,【C7】______yourself lucky. The reality is, according to the Deloitte study, there【C8】______that many people who are enthusiastic about what they do. You can’t easily toss the dispassionate masses aside and hire all new people who are in love with what you do. 【C9】______, some jobs and industries just don’t elicit passion. Many companies need people to perform jobs that never appear on anyone’s most desirable list. They are often physically challenging, somewhat monotonous, and provide low wages. They may have limited【C10】______for advancement, and they exist in industries that are profitable but not sexy. One of my manufacturing clients perfectly【C11】______this description, and despite the difficult environment , people show【C12】______and do a great job every day. They aren’t particularly crazy about their jobs, but they are driven by an immense pride in their performance. A positive【C13】______of pride is grounded in humility. It establishes and maintains a reputation for excellence. Pride doesn’【tC14】______shortcuts, and most important, it maintains high standards when passion for the job has diminished. At the【C15】______of the day, you can’t ignore the impact of passion. Virtually【C16】______raises their hands when I ask seminar participants if they would do their ideal jobs for less than one percent of what they make today. We should, however, pay more attention【C17】______pride. Pride speaks to character, and character is an excellent indicator of the quality and commitment of the work. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. said: “If a man is called to be a street sweeper, he should sweep streets【C18】______as Michelangelo painted, or Beethoven composed music, or Shakespeare wrote poetry. He should sweep streets so well that all the hosts of heaven and earth will【C19】______to say, here lived a great street sweeper who did his job well. “ Most assume that Dr. King was talking about the importance of passion【C20】______of the status of your position. Perhaps, however, we missed the real message about having

personal pride in your performance.

1． 【C1】 A．in B．about C．from D．on

正确答案：B

解析：搭配题。和passionate搭配的介词只有about，表示“喜欢；对……有激情”。

2． 【C2】 A．Motivated B．Motivational C．Motivating D．Motivate

正确答案：B

解析：词汇辨析题。此处缺形容词，motivate为动词，排除[D]。motivating为动词现在分词形式，作定语时一般接force，合起来意为“驱动力”。而motivational意为“激发积极性的”，如motivational speeches；a motivational speaker等。

3． 【C3】 A．to B．down C．in D．from

正确答案：A 解析：搭配题。根据contribute的用法可知，contribute一般只跟to或者towards搭配，并且有不同含义。contribute sth．to／towards sth．“为……奉献出……”；contribute to sth．“对某事起促进作用”，此处的意思为“为……做出贡献”。

4． 【C4】 A．rise B．arise C．raise D．arisen

正确答案：B

解析：词汇辨析题。[A]rise意为“(数量、价值等)增加”；[C]raise意为“(将

数量、价格等人为)提升(到一定水平)”。[B]arise意为“(问题、困难、挑战等)出现”。该时间状语从句的主语为challenges，所以动词应当选arise，意为“挑战出现”。

5． 【C5】 A．how B．where C．that D．why

正确答案：C 解析：语义关系题。此处为主语从句，it为形式主语，that后的内容为remember的宾语，to remember that+宾语从句(真正的宾语)，主要用来陈述事实。该句的意思是“同样重要的是，请记住激情会消退，而一段感情的初期如果充满了太多的激情，可能会以失望而收场。”

6． 【C6】 A．in B．from C．to D．on

正确答案：A

解析：搭配题。考查动词result的短语结构和用法。含有result的动词短语只有两个，result in意为“导致……的结果”，而result from…则是“由……而引起”的意思。原文中disillusionment指早期激情过剩导致的“幻想破灭”，因而答案是result in。

7． 【C7】 A．regard B．think C．consider D．believe

正确答案：C

解析：搭配题。consider yourself+adj．是动词+宾语+补语的固定搭配，原文意思是“自认为是幸运的”，而其他选项均没有类似用法，regard sb as+adj. ,这里的as为副词；think of+sb+as+adj．；believe sb to be+adj．。

8． 【C8】 A．are B．were C．aren’t D．weren’t

正确答案：C

解析：逻辑关系题。首先是that作为程度副词，常用于否定句，含义是“那么”。这句话是说，在现实生活中，有激情的人并没有那么多，从逻辑关系上分析，后文是You can’t easily toss the dispassionate masses aside，整段时态都是现在时。从句意上讲也没有过去的含义，因此选择aren’t。

9． 【C9】 A．Likely B．Likeless C．Likeable D．Likewise

正确答案：D

解析：词汇辨析题。此处句首缺副词。[A]Likely虽可用作形容词“可能的；可能会发生的；可能是真的”，但也可作副词“很有可能地”，相当于probably，与上下文逻辑关系不太吻合。[B]Likeless在英语中是不存在的；[C]Likeable为形容词，意思是“可爱的，讨人喜欢的”；[D]Likewise是副词，意为“同样地；同样的道理”，符合文意，为正确答案。

10． 【C10】 A．chance B．choice C．time D．room

正确答案：D

解析：词汇辨析题。和for搭配的只有room，原文意为“进步空间有限”。

11． 【C11】 A．gives B．fits C．defies D．beggars

正确答案：B

解析：词汇辨析题。此句承接上一段，用作者的一位客户作为例子，说明有激情的员工应该是什么样的(fits this description)。选项中四个单词都可以和description搭配，但是[A]gives指“提供了这一描述”，而[C]和[D]defy／beggar description为固定词组，意为”无法形容”，虽然语法基本正确，但含义与上下文不符。

12． 【C12】 A．off

B．out C．over D．up

正确答案：D

解析：搭配题。[A]show off意为“炫耀”; [B]show somebody out意为“把某人送出去”，[C]show somebody over something为英式动词短语，意为“(正式)带某人参观……”。从上下文判断，人们上班出勤，然后完成一天的工作，因而答案选[D]show up“露面；出现”。

13． 【C13】 A．matter B．sense C．source D．swelling

正确答案：B 解析：词义辨析题。a sense of…是非常常见的短语，意为“一种……的感觉”。此句话的意思为：积极的自豪感根植于谦逊。matter要和of搭配时应该是as／be a matter of，意为“事关……，作为／是个……的问题”；a source of…意为“……的来源”，这两个短语在句中含义牵强。[D]swelling“肿胀”不能和of搭配。

14． 【C14】 A．cross B．go C．travel D．take

正确答案：D

解析：搭配题。一般用短语take／know a shortcut to…来表示“走／知道一条到……的捷径”，其他选项的表述是中式英语。

15． 【C15】 A．beginning B．end C．front D．middle

正确答案：B

解析：搭配题。at the end of the day是英式英语电的一个惯用语，意思是“总而言之；归根结底”。其他表示一天中的什么时候，和文意不符，均为错误答案。

16． 【C16】 A．all

B．everyone C．none

D．someone

正确答案：B

解析：词义辨析题。[A]all作为不定代词，其后的谓语动词形式有单复数之分，需视具体情况而定。[B]everybody代词，指每个人，即所有人。[C]none常用于none of…结构，一般代指什么(一个)都没有；而[D]someone“某人”不合逻辑、语义混乱。

17． 【C17】 A．for B．of C．on D．to

正确答案：D

解析：搭配题。[D]pay attention to…“关注……”是固定搭配，其余选项均错误。

18． 【C18】 A．even B．so C．such D．like

正确答案：A 解析：词汇辨析题。even是起到强调作用的副词，在此句中意为“甚至像……一样做事”。[B]so as后不可接句子，只能接带to的动词不定式。[C]such as“比如……”只接短语，不能接句子。[D]like as在英语中，没有这样的搭配。

19． 【C19】 A．happy B．hate C．must D．pause

正确答案：D

解析：词汇辨析题。此句缺少动词，而[A]happy是形容词；[C]must是情态动词，不可接to。根据文中句子的意思，此处应该是pause to say“停下来说”的意思，而非hate to say“讨厌说”。

20． 【C20】 A．despite

B．dismiss C．regardless D．regarding

正确答案：C

解析：词汇辨析题。[A]despite直接跟名词或者动名词，不与of连用，相当于in spite of。[B]dismiss“不予考虑；清除”，是及物动词。四个选项中，能与of搭配的只有[C]regardless，短语含义为“无论”。regarding为介词，意为“与……有关”，句意不符、词法有误。

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)

During the day, Leipzig’s airport is quiet. It is at night that the airfield comes to life. Next to the runway a yellow warehouse serves as the global sorting hub for DHL, a delivery firm owned by Deutsche Post of Germany. A huge extension, which opened in October, means it can sort 150,000 parcels each hour, says Ken Allen, DHL’s CEO. With falling trade barrier, cross-border e-commerce has become a key term in the modern economy. The rise of cross-border e-commerce has meant booming business for express-delivery firms. On January 31st UPS revealed record revenues for the fourth quarter of 2016; FedEx and DHL are expected to report similarly buoyant results next month. Since 2008 half of the increase in express-delivery volumes has come from shoppers buying items online from another country. Falling trade barriers have greatly helped them. When DHL and FedEx were getting going in the 1970s, there was little demand for international express deliveries. Packages often got stuck in customs for weeks and were heavily taxed. The expansion of free-trade areas, lower tariffs and the Internet brought years of growth. But after Mr. Trump’s threats to raise tariffs on goods from China and Mexico, together with the indication last month from Theresa May, Britain’s prime minister, that the country will leave the EU’s customs union, there are widespread fears that the favourable tailwinds enjoyed by the industry for decades are gone. The express-delivery industry faces a new challenge: the return of trade barriers due to the protectionist bent of Donald Trump and because of Brexit. The return of borders poses a challenge to the soaring parcel-delivery business. “ It’s all a real nightmare,” groans David Jinks of ParcelHero, a British parcel broker which works with DHL, FedEx and UPS. Start with Brexit. Post-Brexit costs will probably come from long wrangles over which of 19,000 customs codes should be applied to a consignment. As an example of what could happen, Halloween costumes from China often get stuck at Britain’s border while customs officials work out whether they are toys or children’s clothes, which attract different duties. Such complexity would force delivery firms to put up their prices to customers, Mr. Jinks says. Sending an item from Britain to Switzerland (outside the EU) costs 150% more than it does to Italy (inside the EU).

The most severe impact on business would come from higher tariffs, which would hurt demand for cross-border imports and deliveries in favour of local goods. This is where Mr. Trump’s threats come into focus.

21． The example of Leipzig’s airport shows that_____.

A．Leipzig’s airport serves as the biggest sorting hub for DHL.

B．Airport delivers more goods than any other forms of cross-border deliveries. C．Cross-border e-commerce has promoted the expansion of delivery services. D．Express-delivery firms face a new challenge because of changing policies in US and UK.

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。由Leipzig’s airport可定位到第一段。第一段主要介绍位于莱比锡机场的一个德国邮政旗下快递公司DHL的全球分拣中心经历扩建后，吞吐能力增强，随着贸易壁垒的降低，跨境电子商务发展迅猛。由此可以推知，[C]“跨境电子商务的发展促进了快递业的扩张”正确。[A]“Leipzig机场是DHL最大的分拣中心”错误，文中没有提及该分拣中心是否是最大的；[B]“机场比其他任何形式的跨境快递运送的货物都多”，文中也没有提到；[D]“由于美国和英国的政策变化，跨境电子商务面临挑战”后面的段落虽有提及，但并不是这个例子在这里要证明的。

22． The word “buoyant” is closest in meaning to______. A．optimistic B．fluctuating C．unpredictable D．mundane

正确答案：A

解析：词义理解题。本句出现一个重要的逻辑词similarly(同样地)，因此可以从前一句推知buoyant一词的意思。前一句的意思是“1月31日，UPS公布的2016年第四季度收入创下新高”，可以推知，buoyant是形容令人振奋的业绩。其他选项[B]“波动的”，[C]“不可预测的”，[D]“平淡无奇的”，均不符合文意。

23． What do we know about parcel delivery services in the 1970s? A．There are falling trade barriers.

B．DHL and FedEx are expanding rapidly.

C．The express-delivery faces the return of trade barriers. D．International express delivery is in its preliminary stage.

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。根据关键词1970s定位到第三段：“20世纪70年代DHL和FedEx刚起步时，人们对国际快递的需求还很少。包裹经常被卡在海关长达数周，还要支付高额的关税”。[D]“国际快递业处于初级发展阶段”正确。[A]“关税

壁垒降低”和[B]“DHL和FedEx在迅速扩张”均发生在70年代以后；[C]“快递业面临关税壁垒的回归”是现在的局面。

24． What effect will Brexit probably bring on parcel delivery services? A．The trade between China and the UK will drop tremendously. B．Customers will have to pay more on delivery services.

C．19,000 customs codes will be examined by British parliament.

D．DHL, FedEx and UPS will close some of their branches in Britain.

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。根据关键词Brexit定位到第五段，第五段主要讲了英国脱欧之后复杂的海关征税体系会使得快递业增加收费。故答案选[B]“消费者会花更多的快递费”。[A]“中英贸易会减少”；[C]“英国国会将审查19，000条海关规定”；[D]“DHL，FedEx和UPS会关闭一些英国的子公司”，三个选项均没有提到。

25． The passage is mainly about______. A．Logistics firms are faced with trade barriers.

B．The US and the UK work together to promotecross-border imports. C．Cross-border e-commerce is booming.

D．Express-delivery firms DHL, FedEx and UPS are fined by customs in the UK and US.

正确答案：A

解析：主旨题。纵观全文，文章的大意是美国总统特朗普可能提出的新政策和英国脱欧可能会造成贸易壁垒的回归，进而影响跨境贸易，对国际快递业造成冲击。故答案选[A]“物流公司面临贸易壁垒”。

Many people take to social media to share news of big events. On December 1st Facebook’s boss, Mark Zuckerberg, followed in the tradition he helped create, when he and his wife, Priscilla Chan, announced the birth of their daughter on the social-networking site, along with news that they will give away the majority of their fortune during their lifetimes. Around 99% of the shares they own in Facebook, which today are worth around $ 45 billion, will go into the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative (CZI). Their aim, they wrote, is to improve the world for their daughter and future generations. For now, the move allows Mr. Zuckerberg to relinquish wealth, but not control, as he will retain the votes associated with any shares transferred to CZI. He anticipates remaining the controlling stakeholder of Facebook “ for the foreseeable future” , and plans to sell, or give away, no more than $ 1 billion of Facebook stock each year for the next three years. Mr. Zuckerberg is far from the first tech titan to pledge billions to philanthropic activities, but he is following a slightly different path to Bill Gates, Microsoft’s founder. Whereas the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation is a registered charity, the Zuckerbergs’ CZI will be a limited liability company ( LLC ). Although charitable status comes with alluring tax breaks, strings are attached. Unlike

charities, LLCs can lobby without restriction; the Zuckerbergs have said that CZI will get involved in policy debates. The other flexibility LLC status allows is the freedom to invest in for-profit ventures that have a big social impact. In this, the Zuckerbergs are following in the footsteps of Pierre Omidyar, founder of eBay, an online marketplace, who grew frustrated by the constraints of charitable status. Mr. Omidyar now oversees the Omidyar Network, which has for-profit and non-profit arms. Will Fitzpatrick, designer of this hybrid structure, claims that the for-profit arm can more easily invest in things that can be scaled up quickly. He gives the example of an investment in a solar lantern that cost less than $ 10 a unit, which meant people did not have to burn dangerous kerosene, and which he says would have been technically difficult to achieve through a private foundation.

26． Mark Zuckerberg and Priscilla Chan celebrated the birth of their daughter by______.

A．creating the tradition of announce big news on Facebook B．creating the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative

C．donating $ 1 billion of Facebook stock to CZI D．selling 99% of the shares they own in Facebook

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。定位在前两段，Mark Zuckerberg和妻子Priscilla Chan一同在Facebook上宣布女儿诞生，并捐出约99％的Facebook股份到Chan Zuckerberg Initiative上。故答案选[B]“创建CZI”。[A]“创立在Facebook上宣布大事的传统”，与原文不符，这一传统早已建立，这次只是遵循了这一传统；[C]“向CZI捐了十亿美元”，数额不对；[D]“出售FaceBook 99％的股份”，并未出售，只是转移到CZI。

27． The word “relinquish” is closet in meaning to______. A．abandon B．maintain C．withhold D．distribute

正确答案：A

解析：词义辨析题。从第二段后文可知，“他期望能在‘可预见的将来’继续保持对Facebook的控股”，说明他只是放弃财富，而非控制权，可以判定relinquish的意思是“放弃”。[B]“保留，持有”；[C]“保留”；[D]“分发”。

28． Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation is______.

A．the first tech titan to pledge billions to philanthropic activities B．allowed to invest in for-profit ventures C．obliged to meet certain requirements

D．working with CZI to make the world a better place

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。第三段提到了比尔和梅琳达·盖茨基金会，文中说慈善机构“享受诱人的减税政策，却也有限制”，很多有限责任公司可以做的事情，慈善机构都不能做，因此答案选[C]。[A]“第一个在慈善事业投入数十亿美元的科技巨头”，文中并没有提及；[B]“允许投资营利行业”，这是有限责任公司可以做的，而非慈善机构；[D]“与CZI一起合作，让世界变得更美好”，文中没有提到。

29． What do we know about Pierre Omidyar?

A．He does not like registered charity coming with strings. B．He created eBay for non-profit purposes.

C．He suggested to Zuckerbergs to set up a limited liability company. D．He made the Omidyar Network a subsidiary of eBay.

正确答案：A

解析：细节题。定位到第四和第五段：“慈善机构的身份做起事来有限制，皮埃尔对此大为不满。奥米迪亚先生现在监管着拥有非营利部门和营利部门的Omidyar网络公司。”由此可以得知，奥米迪亚不满慈善机构会受到限制，于是建立了Omidyar网络公司，马克-扎克伯格也效仿了这一做法。故答案选[A]。[B]“他出于非商业目的创立eBay”，属于过度延伸；[C]“他建议乌克·扎克伯格建立有限责任公司”，文中并没有提到是奥米迪亚建议的；[D]“他使Omidyar成为了eBay的子公司”文中没有提到。

30． This passage is best entitled______.

A．Mark Zuckerberg Finds Another Way to Share

B．Mark Zuckerberg and His Wife Having Their First Baby C．More High-tech Giants Devoted to Philanthropy

D．Mark Zuckerberg Find a New Way of Running Facebook

正确答案：A

解析：主旨题。本篇文章主要是讲Facebook创始人和他妻子生下了孩子，为了改善女儿与后代生活的世界,他们决定捐出约99％的Facebook股份，而且采用了建立有限责任公司的方式管理这些善款，没有采取传统的慈善基金会的方式。综上，答案选[A]“马克-扎克伯格找到了另一种分享财富的方式”。[B]“马克·扎克伯格和妻子生育了第一个孩子”概括得太偏了；[C]“更多的科技巨头投身慈善”；[D]“马克·扎克伯格找到了运营Facebook的新方法”。

It’s often said that the mark of a civilised society is how it treats its most vulnerable citizens in times of austerity. And in the past week, Britain has proved itself quite not so. Last Thursday a United Nations inquiry into disability rights in the UK ruled that the government is failing in its duties in everything from education, work and housing to health, transport and social security. Presented with overwhelming evidence of a range of regressive policies and multibillion-pound cuts to disability services, it described the treatment of disabled people in this country as a

“ human catastrophe” . Less than 24 hours later, Luke Davey lost his appeal against his local council cutting his care package almost in half. Luke is quadriplegic, has cerebral palsy and is registered blind. But in this climate of cuts to disability services, after 23 years of 24/7 support, his care hours have been suddenly gutted. Without enough funding for full-time personal assistants, his mother, Jasmine, is forced to fill in the gaps: sitting in the bungalow to ensure he’s not alone, and lifting her 14-stone son into a hoist. Jasmine, it’s worth noting, is 75 and has cancer. Bit by bit, the abuse of disabled people in Britain is being normalised. This isn’t simply the result of newspapers and politicians dehumanising the “scrounging” disabled. It’s that the hardship being witnessed is now so common, so widespread, it’s as if it’s not worth comprehension. Resisting this becomes almost an act of defiance: to say that it’s not normal for a self-proclaimed global leader of disability rights to have to be shamed publicly by the United Nations over its treatment of disabled citizens; that it’s not economically necessary for one of the wealthiest nations on Earth to cut benefits and social care so deeply that disabled people are housebound, hungry, or suicidal. When the “most vulnerable citizens” line is used by well-meaning voices, there’s a secret second sentence that’s rarely uttered: disabled people, truth be told, do not need to be vulnerable. Contrary to the myth sold by years of austerity, to be afraid, desperate or isolated is not a normal state of affairs for people with disabilities. Vulnerability comes when politicians choose to pull the support disabled people need in order to live dignified, fulfilling, independent lives—knowing full well the misery it will cause.

31． The UN described the treatment of disabled people in the UK as a “human catastrophe” because______.

A．the disabled people are being discriminated in every aspect fromeducation, work to housing and so forth

B．Luke Davey lost his appeal against the government for the simple reason that the local court favored the government

C．the government dramatically cut its financial support for the disabled people in the years of austerity

D．the disabled people are unable to live and work independently

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。由关键词human catastrophe定位到第二段最后一句：“压倒性的证据表明，英国采取了一系列倒退政策，并且在残疾人服务上削减数十亿英镑的支出，联合国表示在这个国家的残疾人的待遇是‘人类灾难’。”本题问的是原因，Presented with…这一分词结构充当了原因状语，由此可知，联合国之所以表示在这个国家的残疾人的待遇是“人类灾难”，是因为[C]“在紧缩时期，政府大幅削减了对残疾人的财政支持”。[A]“残疾人受到教育、工作、住房等各个方面的歧视”，文中是说政府在教育、工作、住房等各个方面工作做的不到位，没有提到残疾人在这些方面受到歧视；[B]“当地法院偏袒政府，卢克-戴维输掉了他反对政府的上诉”答非所问；[D]“残疾人不能独立生活和工作”，文中没有提

及。

32． The example of Luke Davey is used to show that______. A．the disabled people can rely on their family members for support B．the disabled people deserved better work opportunity and salary C．the disabled people are not treated fairly on British court D．the disabled people live in a catastrophic condition now

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。由关键词Luke Davey定位到第三段，第三段主要讲了卢克-戴维这位残疾人在政府补助削减后的悲惨生活，故答案选[D]“残疾人现在生活在一个灾难性的环境中”。[A]“残疾人可以依靠他们的家庭成员来支持他们”，作者不支持这种做法；[B]“残疾人应该得到更好的工作机会和薪水”，没有提到；[C]“残疾人在英国法院没有受到公平对待”，概括片面。

33． The underlined sentence “Bit by bit, the abuse of disabled people in Britain is being normalised” implies that______.

A．the society don’t accept disabled people into public places B．the society don’t appreciate the effort made by the disabled C．the society is indifferent to the suffering of the disabled D．the society implements strict laws against domestic abuse

正确答案：C

解析：判断推理题。划线句是段落主题句，可结合本段后面的阐述来理解划线句。后文主要讲了两层意思，一是媒体和政客不顾残疾人的境地，二是整个社会大环境对于残疾人的痛苦司空见惯。可以推知，主题句的含义是[C]“社会对残疾人的苦难漠不关心”。[A]“社会不允许残疾人进入公共场所”，[B]“社会不重视残疾人的努力”和[D]“社会实行严格的法律反对家庭暴力”，均不符合文意。

34． What does the author think about the “most vulnerable citizens” line? A．Disabled people are constantly afraid, desperate or isolated.

B．Disabled people are not vulnerable if they are given proper support. C．Disabled people have many things to worry about.

D．Disabled people’s reliance on politicians make them vulnerable.

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。作者在说到most vulnerable citizens时，表示还有另一种声音没有发出，也就是作者也赞同的观点：“残疾人并不脆弱，当政治家们明知后果，但还是选择剥夺能使残疾人生活得更有尊严、有满足感、更独立的帮助时，脆弱性就出现了。”选项[B]“如果残疾人得到适当的支持，他们就不会脆弱”符合。[A]“残疾人总是害怕、绝望或孤独”与作者表述相反；[C]“残疾人有太多的事情需要担心”，没有提到；[D]“残疾人对政客的依赖使他们易受伤害”，没有提到。

35． The author is writing this passage in a______tone. A．sceptical B．thankful C．critical D．cheerful

正确答案：C

解析：作者态度题。纵观全文，作者抨击了英国政府在残疾服务上削减数十亿英镑这种做法，语气辛辣，论证有力。

Heart disease has long been Britain’s biggest single killer. Despite our efforts to ward off its risk factors with more exercise and a healthier diet, the statistics remain sobering—particularly if you are a man. According to the British Heart Foundation, one in seven men will die from heart disease compared with one in 11 women, and of the 2. 3 million people living with heart disease in the UK, 60 percent are men. Professor Jamie Waterall, the national lead for cardiovascular disease prevention at PHE, says there are many reasons why more men than women are suffering heart disease. “Women do have the advantage of some hormonal protection of the heart prior to the menopause, which lessens their risk, but from that age onwards things should even out. But men continue to display an abundance of risky lifestyle behaviours that make them more vulnerable. They eat more, drink more, smoke more, for example. “ Numerous studies have shown that excess belly fat, even if you are skinny everywhere else, can be deadly. “Fat around the middle—especially the deep visceral fat hidden in your abdomen—has been linked to a higher risk of heart disease because these fat cells produce damaging toxic substances,” Allen says. Previously, men were advised to drink no more than three to four units of alcohol a day, which technically meant they could consume 28 units a week. The latest rules have cut that to no more than 14 units. Cutting down is one thing, but you should also spread your alcohol intake and have “several drink-free days per week” , according to the charity Drinkaware. Doing so can help your weight and cholesterol levels, both bad for the heart, to drop. According to the smoking cessation charity Ash, smoking at any age causes about 14 percent of deaths from heart disease. If you are a smoker, stopping is the single most important thing you can do. Switching to e-cigarettes or vaping is a positive move—provided that you eventually stop for good. In February a study from the University of California revealed that people who vape are more likely to have higher adrenaline levels and more stress in the heart, both of which have an adverse effect on cardiovascular health. “In the short term, using e-cigarettes may be useful as a stepping stone to quitting, but the ultimate goal is to stop using them too,” says Allen.

36． More men are suffering heart disease than women because______. A．women have hormones to protect them from heart disease throughout lifetime B．menopause has little impact on women’s cardiovascular system

C．women tend to have healthier lifestyles than men D．women are concerned about their weight

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。定位到第二段。第一段介绍背景，男性比女性心脏病发病率高。第二段分析原因。在更年期之前，女性由于荷尔蒙的原因发病率更低。更年期之后，这种荷尔蒙优势丧失，但是很多男性生活习惯不好，导致男性患心脏病的风险还是高。[C]“女性往往比男性有更健康的生活方式”符合。[A]“妇女终生有保护她们不患心脏病的荷尔蒙”错误，更年期后荷尔蒙的作用就不存在了；[B]“更年期对女性心血管系统影响不大”错误，更年期前后荷尔蒙的变化会对女性心血管系统有一定影响；[D]“女人们关心她们的体重”没提到。

37． What effect does body weight have on one’s heart? A．The fat accumulated around one’s hips can be deadly.

B．The fat cells do more harm to men’s body than to women’s. C．Fat in the abdomen area is particularly harmful to the heart. D．Extra layers of fat can protect the heart from injury.

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。定位到第三段。[A]“脂肪积累在臀部是致命的”错误，应该是腹部的脂肪是致命的；[B]“脂肪细胞对男人的伤害比女人大”，文中没有提到脂肪细胞对人体影响的性别差异性；[D]“额外的脂肪层可以保护心脏免受伤害”文中没有提到。

38． To lower the risk of heart disease, alcohol takers should______. A．cut the amount of alcohol intake to more than a half B．drinks red wine instead of strong liquor

C．consume a certain amount alcohol on a daily basis D．drink less alcohol to drive up the cholesterol level

正确答案：A

解析：细节题。定位到第四段，主要讲了两层意思，一是减少饮酒量，过去每周可以喝28个单位，最新的规定将这个数字削减到不超过14个单位。二是分散饮酒，每周几天不摄入酒精。[A]“将饮酒量砍掉一半多”正确。[B]“喝红酒不喝烈酒”没提到；[C]“每天喝一定量的酒”与文意相反；[D]“少喝酒提高胆固醇水平”错误，应该是降低胆固醇水平。

39． Smoking e-cigarettes can______. A．lower the risk of hear attack

B．be used as an effective alternative to tobacco C．be positive for cardiovascular health D．help quit smoking

正确答案：D

解析：推断题。定位到第五段。吸烟会提高心脏病的患病风险，使用电子烟可能有助于戒烟，但是电子烟也会对心血管健康产生不良的影响，因此最终也得戒掉。故答案选[D]“帮助戒烟”。[A]“降低心脏病风险”错误；[B]“是卷烟的有效替代品”错误；[C]“对心脑血管有好处”，与文章内容相反。

40． This passage is mainly about______. A．the effect of lifestyles on heart health B．gender discrimination in hospitals C．the importance of keeping slim D．the way of quit smoking

正确答案：A

解析：主旨题。本文主要讨论了英国男性心脏病发病率高于女性，并且分析了原因以及对策，指出不良的生活习惯如过量饮食、喝酒和吸烟是引发心脏病的重要原因。故答案选[A]。[B]“医院里的性别歧视”，[C]“保持身材苗条的重要性”和[D]“戒烟的方法”，均为无关选项。

Part B (10 points)

You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list[A]to[G]for each numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A]Work passively so that the company can make you leave early with a compensation. [B]Determine how you will live during early retirement. [C]Start making as much money as you can. [D]Look for passive income. [E]Figure out how much you need to save in order to retire early. [F]Work out a plan to cut expenses after early retirement. [G]Figure out how much you will realistically spend in retirement. Most people think about retirement in some sense. You may be one of the “average” people looking for retirement at 65, or you may be someone who is aiming to retire early. Early retirement may not be for everyone: it usually means that you have to go to some form of extreme in order to reach it. You may have to work long hours, cut your expenses a good amount, or even both. However, I’ve never heard a complaint from those who retire early. Also, there are many websites that talk a lot about early retirement that you may want to read if you are serious about having this goal. 【R1】______ You need to really think about how you want to spend your retirement in order to determine how you will reach early retirement. Will you be traveling the world? Will you move to a cheaper foreign country? Will you have children? Will you have grandchildren? How will you pay for anything medical that arises? 【R2】______ For some reason, most think that they will spend less when they are in retirement. However, that is not always the case. You will have more free time and therefore will have more time to possibly spend money. Also, you will have to start paying for your own health insurance if it is currently being covered by your employer. The cost of this may shock you if you are not used to it. 【R3】______ Of course, the big factor of whether or not you can

retire early is whether you actually have enough retirement funds. You need to figure out exactly how much you need to retire and how you can stretch that amount for decades to come. For example, if you want to retire in 10 years at the age of 35, you need to figure out exactly how much you need to survive in order to stretch your retirement funds for almost another 50 or 60 years. 【R4】______ One way to reach early retirement is to make as much money as you realistically can. Definitely do not engage in anything illegal, but try to get as many promotions and pay raises as you can. Work hard and know what your next step to reach that next pay level is. This is where certain people aren’t interested in early retirement. Do you want a lifelong job that you love? Or do you want a job that will allow you to retire early? Usually it will be hard to have both. There are many fields that you may be interested in to make more money. You can go into engineering, sales, certain financial sector jobs and more. Or you could work a day job and earn extra income on the side as well. 【R5】______ If your goal is early retirement and you no longer want to work, you may want to look into making monthly income through passive sources. This way you are still bringing in money each month, but all that is required from you is occasional maintenance. Ideas for passive income include rental properties, investing in dividend-paying stocks, and more.

41． 【R1】

正确答案：B 解析：本段的主要内容是如果要提前退休，你需要认真考虑你想如何度过你的退休时间，以决定你如何提前退休。文中列举了种种可能性：比如周游世界，搬到国外等。

42． 【R2】

正确答案：G

解析：本段提到，大多数人认为退休后他们会花更少的钱，但是实际情况是有更多的时间去花钱，由此可以推知，本段的标题应该是要算好自己实际要花多少钱。

43． 【R3】

正确答案：E 解析：本段的主要内容是你需要准确地计算出你需要拥有多少钱才能安然地提前退休，也就是你存够了多少资本才能提前退休。

44． 【R4】

正确答案：C

解析：本段说到，提前退休的一种方法是尽可能多地赚钱，而且还列举了工

程、销售、某些金融部门这些容易赚钱的工作。

45． 【R5】

正确答案：D 解析：本段的关键词是被动收入，也就是指出租房产或者投资分红股票这样的收入，[A]虽然也出现了passively，但这里指的是消极工作，全文都没有提到这一点，故排除。

Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points)

46． Inactivity, fuelled by cars and a sedentary work life, has been dubbed the biggest public health problem of the 21st century, a global pandemic with dramatic impact on people’s wellbeing. The latest reports suggest that around the world it was responsible for 5. 3 million deaths in 2008, which amounts to 1 in 10 people—even more than smoking. Not only does exercise make you fitter, it can also ward off numerous and often unexpected diseases, from heart attacks, to diabetes, some forms of cancer and dementia. There are tentative signs it might even make you cleverer, by boosting cognitive performance and brain function. “It’s irrefutable that physical activity and exercise are beneficial for health,” says sports scientist Chris Easton. The biggest benefits are seen when people go from being unfit to being moderately fit. At higher fitness levels, you don’t see the same benefits in longevity and disease risk reduction. And although being vigorous is good, you don’t need to go overboard.

正确答案： 由于以车代步和久坐的工作生活方式，愈发突出的不运动现象已被称为21世纪最大的公共健康问题，这是一种严重影响人类健康的全球性流行病。最新报告表明，在2008年，不活动造成了全球530万人的死亡，大约占不活动群体的十分之一，这比吸烟致死的人数都多。运动不仅使你更健康，还可以预防许多突发疾病，比如心脏病、糖尿病、一些类型的癌症和痴呆。有初步迹象表明，运动还能改善认知表现和大脑功能，从而让你变得更聪明。 运动科学家克里斯-伊斯顿说：“体育活动和锻炼对健康有益，这一点是无可辩驳的。”当人们从体质不健康变成体质中等程度健康时，将体会到最大的益处。但是当健康水平进一步提高之后，人们却并不会在长寿和减少疾病风险方面获得相同的好处。同时，虽然高强度运动有益健康，但也不必过量。

Section III Writing

Part ADirections: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information. (10 points)

47． Suppose the Student’s Union in your department is holding an end-of-semester party on July 11. Write an invitation letter to Mr. Black, the dean, and

invite him to join you. Let him know the time and place and what he is expected to do at the party. You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not sign your name. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. ( 10 points)

正确答案：Dear Mr. Black, I am writing this letter to invite you to the end-of-semester party that we are holding at 6 p. m. on July 11. The venue of the party is Garden Restaurant near our campus. We take immense pleasure in inviting you to join us and give a speech at the beginning of the party. In case you can’t attend the party, do let us know by call or email. Above that we expect you to come for it and want you to enjoy the big celebration with us. Await your presence at the party. Yours sincerely, Li Ming

Part BDirections: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information. (20 points)

48． Write an essay based on the following chart. You should1) describe the chart and2) give your comments. You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

正确答案： The chart shows the increase in the number of near-sighted students in a high school class from 2014 to 2016. Among the 50 students in this class, there were 16 who wore eyeglasses in 2014. The next year, however, this number grew to 25, a rather dramatic increase of about 18%. Rising at the same rate, the number of near-sighted students became 34 in 2016. It is hard to imagine how many students are going to be near-sighted in the following years. There are probably two main reasons for this worrying trend. Firstly, Chinese students are constantly under huge pressure to study hard, with little time for activities that are good for their eyesight. Secondly, with the popularity of electronic products, such as smart phones and tablet computers, children and adults alike, are suffering a lot from failing eyesight. To solve this problem, we must improve our education system and evaluate students’ overall performance like personal morality, athletic ability and practical skills. Furthermore, children should be urged to spend less time using electronic products.