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2020年上海市长宁区高考英语二模试卷

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2020年上海市长宁区高考英语二模试卷

I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections： In Section A， you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation， a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it， read the four possible answers on your paper， and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1．（1分）A． In a hotel． B． In a garden． C． In a park． D． In a café．

2．（1分）A． Classmates． B． Coach and athlete． C． Partners．

D． Teacher and student． 3．（1分）A．＄150． B．＄200． C．＄300． D．＄600．

4．（1分）A． He hasn't started to read． B． He is a fast reader． C． The book is very attractive． D． The book is not too long．

5．（1分）A． Take the clothes out of the dryer． B． Do her laundry once again． C． Examine the dryer for maintenance． D． Dry her clothes for twenty more minutes． 6．（1分）A． His sweater is not warm enough． B． The woman should have worn a sweater． C． His coat is similar to the woman's．

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D． The woman needn't have brought the coat． 7．（1分）A． Call the local hotels again in a few days． B． Have her parents stay on campus．

C． Phone the Lake District Inn for a reservation． D． Look for vacant rooms near the campus． 8．（1分）A． The man should have attended the class． B． She has already finished her report．

C． The man has enough time to finish his report． D． She will help the man with his outline． 9．（1分）A． The plane will leave at 9：30 sharp． B． The departure time remains unknown． C． The woman has just missed her plane． D． The mechanical problems have been fixed． 10．（1分）A． The man only filled his tank half full． B． The car has run out of gasoline． C． The car is breaking down on the way． D． The man can't read the instrument．

Section BDirections： In Section B， you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage and conversation， you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice， but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question， read the four possible answers on your paper， and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.

11．（4.5分）（1）A． Bus tours around some fascinating European cities． B． Voyages with interesting stops on the Danube River． C． Journeys to some magnificent opera houses in Austria． D． Bicycle rides through beautiful countryside in Germany．（2）A． Nuremberg． B． Melk． C． Vienna． D． Budapest．

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（3）A． A good way to explore the city is going on a free bus tour． B． Ruins and remains are everywhere to be seen in the city． C． The city got its name from two once separate towns． D． It is a historic city full of a musical atmosphere．

12．（4.5分）（1）A． They are the first three﹣brother group to row across the Atlantic． B． They crossed the Atlantic without the help of electronic devices． C． They are the only bagpipes players among the competitors． D． They arrived sixteen days earlier than their competitors．（2）A． They were left home with charging cables． B． They accidentally fell into the ocean． C． They were damaged by salty seawater． D． They all had got dead batteries．

（3）A． He designed the engine of their rowing boat． B． He asked his brothers to take up the challenge． C． He organised a charity named Children First． D． He regarded the rowing as a precious experience． 13．（6分）（1）A． The definition of responsibility． B． Good manners in public． C． The equality of husband and wife． D． Traditional views on marriage．（2）A． Sharing housework． B． Tending children． C． Guarding home． D． Making money．

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C． Roles of man and woman in a family should differ． D． Husband and wife should both earn their own living．

II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks，use one word that best fits each blank. 14．（10分）

The family who eats together

What's the price of a family meal？ For many families in the world's wealthiest

countries， the answer seems to be， 'too much'． For instance， in the United States，（1） is often a trendsetter in such things， the majority of families report eating a single meal

together fewer than five days a week． In fact， the frequency of shared meals （2）（decrease） in American families by 33 per cent over the last twenty years． The meals （3） have shortened too： from an average of 90 minutes to just 12 minutes．

So perhaps we're better off asking ourselves （4） the cost of not eating together is． Once again， we could turn to the figures． The Organization for Economic

Cooperation and Development has found that 15﹣year﹣olds who reported not regularly （5）（share） family meals were twice as likely to be absent from school． In Europe， research has suggested that children who don't eat dinner with their parents at least twice a week face a 40 per cent higher risk of fatness． Another study，（6）（conduct） by the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse （滥用） at Columbia University， found

that kids who eat dinner with their parents five or more times a week are （7）（likely） to have problems with drugs and alcohol．

But those numbers， impressive （8） they seem， may be beside the

point． After all， having a meal together is more than just a preventive measure （9） future misfortune． The primary cost of the family meal is also the very thing that makes it important： time．

The time spent together over food leads to all the positive outcomes that are measured in the studies． That time spent together has less noticeable﹣but no less real﹣effects too． So often，（10） is at the family meal that the family as such﹣the family as an

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organic unit with shared memories and feelings and ambitions﹣is made．

Section BDirections： Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 15．（10分）

A． flexible B． genetically C． habitually D． included E． populations F． previous G． restricted H． seldom

I． solid

J． suspects K． variations

Wearing shoes can weaken ankle bones

Your shoes are changing your feet． The ankles of people who （1） wear shoes are different to those of people who tend to walk barefoot． In many industrial societies， people tend to wear shoes from a young age． However， many people around the world often go barefoot， or wear only very thin footwear．

\"We know that there are some （2） in the feet of modern humans， due to the use of shoes，\" says Rita Sorrentino at the University of Bologna in Italy． But most（3） findings relate to the front and middle of the foot． She and her team have focused on the ankle instead． They studied 142 ankle bones from 11 （4） from North America， Africa and Europe． These （5） sandal﹣wearing （穿凉鞋的） Nguni farmers in southern Africa， people living in New York and bones from Stone Age hunter﹣gatherers．

The hunter﹣gatherers' ankle bones were significantly shorter than those of people living in modern cities， and there were other differences in the shape． \"They are mostly related to footwear﹣related behaviours and movement behaviours，\" says Sorrentino． The hunter﹣gatherers walked barefoot for long distances every day over natural land． Their ankles were relatively （6）． In contrast， people who live in big cities， who wear tight footwear and walk short distances on flat surfaces like concrete roads， had more unbending ankles． Changes to ankle bones take place over the course of a person's life， and there is no evidence that these alterations can be passed on （7）．

According to Sorrentino，（8） evidence for people wearing shoes only exists for the past 10，000 years． For instance， a sandal from a Missouri cave may be 8300 years old． Early shoes were all fairly soft， so wouldn't have （9） the motion of the ankle much．

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It is an open question whether shoes have disadvantages， but Sorrentino（10） that the firmness of modern shoes causes our bones to become weaker and more likely to suffer from breaking．

III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

16．（15分）Why do so few people find fulfillment in their work？ Amy Wrzesniewski， a Yale School of Management professor who studies these issues， offered an explanation that made a lot of （1）． Students， she said， \"think their calling is under a rock， and if they （2） enough rocks， they will find it．\"

Surveys confirm that meaning is the top thing Millennials （千禧一代） say they want from a job． And yet her research shows that less than 50% of people see their work as a calling． So， many of her students are left feeling anxious，（3）， and completely unsatisfied by the good jobs and careers they do secure．

What they﹣and many of us， I think﹣fail to realize is that work can be（4） even if you don't think of it as a calling． The four most common occupations in America are retail （零售） salesperson， cashier， food preparer/server， and office clerk﹣jobs that aren't typically（5） \"meaning．\" But all have something in common with those professions that are， such as teachers and doctors： They exist to help others． And as Adam Grant， a professor at the University of Pennsylvania， has shown， people who see their work as a form of（6） always rank their jobs as more meaningful．

That means you can find meaning in nearly any role in nearly any organization．（7）， most companies create products or services to fill a need in the world， and all employees contribute in their own ways． The key is to become more conscious about the service you're providing﹣（8） and personally．

How？ One strategy is to constantly remind yourself of your organization's main（9）． Life Is Good is a clothing company best known for colorful T﹣shirts with stick﹣figure designs， but its mission is to spread（10） and hope throughout the world， and that's something even storeroom employees understand． If you work for an accounting firm， you're helping people or companies with the （11） task of doing their taxes． Each job

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serves a purpose in the world．

Even if you can't get excited about your company's mission or customers， you can still adopt a service attitude by thinking about how your work （12） those you love． Consider a study of women working in a shoe factory in Mexico． Researchers found that those who described the work as dull were generally less productive than those who said it was （13）． But the effects went away for those in the former group who saw the work （however boring） as a way to support their families． With that attitude， they were just as productive and （14） as the workers who didn't mind the task．

Not everyone finds their one true calling． But that doesn't mean we're fated to work meaningless jobs． If we （15） our tasks as opportunities to help others， any occupation can feel more significant．

（1）A． progress （2）A． carve out （3）A． frustrated （4）A． meaningful

B． trouble B． turn over B． shocked B． demanding

C． sense C． pile up C． inspired C． repetitive

D． difference D． keep off D． excited D． challenging

（5）A． distinguished from B． exposed to （6）A． understanding （7）A． In conclusion （8）A． as a whole （9）A． advantage （10）A． optimism （11）A． unpleasant （12）A． gathers （13）A． embarrassing （14）A． relaxed （15）A． assign

B． existing B． After all B． in this way B． business B． information B． dangerous B． benefits B． rewarding B． surprised B． abandon

C． associated with D． defined as C． producing

D． giving

C． By comparison D． In addition C． in public C． objective C． designs C． productive C． worries C． rough C． confused C． neglect

D． on average D． construction D． strategies D． urgent D． entertains D． temporary D． energized D． reframe

Section BDirections： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several

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questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

17．（8分）When an editor called to ask if I could photograph a story about fireflies in Mexico， I didn't check my schedule before I said yes． I'd seen these insects light up the forests in Tlaxcala once before， and I jumped at the chance to go back．

I had three nights to capture the magical scene in the forest． Camera stand in hand， I hiked with my colleagues into the foggy forest at dusk． According to our guides， visitors are usually not allowed to photograph the fireflies because the presence of artiﬁcial light from electronics can affect their habits． As I started shooting， I adjusted my exposures constantly to account for the fading light． In order to get the composition that I wanted， I placed my camera stand on a steep， rocky path and had to steady it during the long exposures． Normally this wouldn't be a big deal， but the ﬁreﬂies were very interested in the camera and， by extension， in me． I stood completely still while they crawled all over me﹣my arms， my hair， my face﹣and tickled （呵痒） my nose and cheeks． From what I observed， peak ﬁreﬂy presence happens for only about 20 minutes each night， so I had time for just a few tries．

On the last night everything came together． The weather cooperated． I had improved my method for focusing and composing in the dark with quick ﬂashes from a powerful ﬂashlight﹣and I'd grown accustomed to insects on my face． I was rewarded with the image you see here． Each spot of light is one of several bursts that a ﬁreﬂy makes as it travels in a 30﹣second exposure． You can trace the insects' paths： Some make small circles， like those in the bottom center of the frame， while others move steadily in one direction or another． The ﬁrst time I visited the ﬁreﬂies， I didn't have the pressure of trying to capture and convey this astonishing scene． That will always be my favorite experience with these shining creatures．

（1）According to the passage， the author most probably is a（n）． A． field biologist B． insect observer

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C． expert photographer D． mountain hiker

（2）The author placed the camera stand on a steep and rocky path to ． A． make up for the dying light

B． keep away from the annoying fireflies C． obtain an ideal image D． catch peak firefly presence

（3）We can learn from the passage that the author ． A． was accused of capturing wild fireflies

B． endured physically to get first﹣hand firefly shots C． was tired of the exposure to dark forests D． got his most satisfying image on the second night

（4）What does the author think of his experience in the forest？ A． Fascinating． B． Passionate． C． Surprising． D． Miserable． 18．（6分）

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You can use your new skills to proofread your own work， in your current job， or add

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（1）According to the brochure， \"a freelancer\" （paragraph 3）refers to someone who ．

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A． finds customers mainly online B． gets promoted at work easily C． longs for the freedom of being alone D． works for oneself with a flexible schedule

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（3）It can be concluded from the brochure that ． A． the course is more beneficial to experts than to green hands B． proofreading and copy editing are normally paper﹣pen tasks C． there is a good market for proofreading and copy editing D． high﹣level proofreaders and copy editors are rare to find

19．（8分）A secretive facial recognition program \"could announce the end of public anonymity （匿名），\" said Kashmir Hill in The New York Times． While police departments have used facial recognition tools for years， they've been limited to searching government﹣provided images， for example driver's license photos． Now an app called Clearview AI can remove images of faces \"from across the internet\"﹣including social media sites like Facebook and Twitter， employment sites， even Venmo﹣gathering a database of more than 3 billion photos． \"Until now， technology that readily identifies everyone based on his or her face has been forbidden because of its invasion of privacy．\" Clearview licenses its technology to more than 600 law implementation agencies． New York City passed on the app after a 90﹣day test， worried about potential misuse． Clearview's investors \"predict that its app will eventually be available to the public．\" Soon， \"searching someone by face could become as easy as Googling a name．\"

We've been building toward this moment for a long time， said Adrian Chen in The California Sunday Magazine． In the late 1800s， the French police officer Alphonse Bertillon devised the first \"method for identifying criminals based on their physical features，\" using 11 physical measurements． But scale changes everything． The Department of Homeland

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Security plans to scan \"97 percent of all passengers on outgoing international flights．\" And the technology has been improved and commercialized to the point where you can search a database and buy scans for as little as \"40 cents an image if you opt for Amazon's facial recognition software plan．\"

All this has already led to growing fears about facial recognition， said Janosch Delcker and Cristiano Lima in Politico．com， but \"efforts to check its spread are hitting a wall of resistance on both sides of the Atlantic．\" A two﹣party push to limit the government's use of facial recognition has been delayed in Congress． The European Union （EU） is discussing a five﹣year temporary ban， but European privacy rules contain \"a broad carve﹣out for public authorities．\" And authorities are using it： London's police just last week enabled live facial recognition for cameras across the city．

Even if some bans on the technology succeed， said Bruce Schneier in The New York Times， we're still building an \"observation society．\" Facial recognition is just one identification technology among many． An entirely unregulated data industry is already creating \"descriptions of who we are and what our interests are\" by tracking our movements， purchases， and interactions． \"We are being identified without our knowledge， and society needs rules about when that is permissible．\"

（1）So far Clearview's customers are ． A． investors of AI apps B． social media sites

C． small groups of private users D． government departments

（2）By \"But scale changes everything．\" （paragraph 2）， the author means that ． A． facial identification technology has gone far beyond its original purpose B． people should be scanned through more available physical measurements

C． border security inspection has brought commercialization of identification software D． widespread cheap images are becoming a drawback for facial recognition technology （3）What can be inferred from the passage？

A． Rules concerning anti﹣invasion of privacy are practicable around the world．

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B． Facial recognition technology is too irresistible to set aside for governments． C． Efforts to stop misuse of facial identification have achieved an initial success． D． Prohibition on identification technology has gained support from governments．（4）Which of the following is the best title of the passage？ A． Facial recognition is under control B． Get your facial identification ready C． Your face is now public property D． Establish a larger face database

Section CDirections： Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. 20．（8分）

How we write today

The alphabet was born about 3800 years ago． After a slow start， it has produced dozens of offspring（后代）．（1） Near the beginning of this period， the Phoenician alphabet﹣a direct offspring of the first one﹣gave rise to the Greek and Aramaic alphabets． The Greek alphabet then led to a huge variety of forms， from the Cyrillic family used in south﹣east Europe and northern Asia to the Latin/Roman family that includes English， German and French． The Aramaic alphabet， meanwhile， developed into a group that includes the Hebrew and Arabic alphabets． It probably also gave rise to the Brahmi script， another distinct type of alphabet that is itself the parent of dozens more used across south and South﹣East Asia．

（2） In the first﹣of which Chinese text is the only real example still in use﹣signs represent full words． In the other， signs represent syllables （音节）． Japanese uses many Chinese \"word\" characters， but has two other writing systems based on syllable signs． The few other syllable﹣based systems include the Cherokee one used in the south﹣east US． The variety and global dominance of the alphabet isn't necessarily a sign of its superiority to other writing systems， says Amalia Gnanadesikan， recently retired from the University of Maryland．（3） For instance， they are used across north Asia， Africa and the Americas because of Russian and western European expansionism．

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The fact that alphabets use a smaller set of characters than other writing systems isn't entirely beneficial either， says Gnanadesikan．（4） Take the phrase \"dog bites man\"． Someone learning Chinese has to understand just three signs﹣rather than 11 letters﹣to read and write the sentence． \"So you get a very rapid ability to translate what you're learning into use，\" she says． Moreover， children in Japan learn the hiragana （平假名） syllable﹣based writing system so easily that they can often start reading aged 3． A． As a result， names and files are usually arranged in alphabetic order． B． It means words must be written using combinations of several symbols． C． It is a set of letters or symbols in a fixed order used for writing a language． D． Aside from the alphabet， there are two other modern writing systems．

E． Perhaps the most important divisions happened between 3000 and 2000 years ago． F． In some parts of the world， alphabets have been imposed on people by empire builders． IV. Summary Writing

21．（10分）Directions： Read the following passage． Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words． Use your own words as far as possible．

Scottish summers set to keep getting warmer， study shows

Cold， wet summers could become a thing of the past in Scotland， according to a new study． Researchers from Edinburgh and Oxford universities and the Met Office， the UK's official weather service， say that summer temperatures of 30°C could become common in the future because of climate change．

Climate change is long﹣term changes in the world's weather patterns， including rising temperatures． Human activities such as burning fossil fuels （coal， oil and natural gas）， farming and cutting down forests are a major cause of changing weather patterns around the world． When fossil fuels are burned， for example， they release gases such as carbon dioxide into the atmosphere． These gases are called greenhouse gases． Their emissions contribute to climate change．

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said that carbon dioxide emissions had to be cut around the world in order to prevent this from getting worse．

The study also looked into the direct effects of the unusual weather in 2018 on people， animals and landscapes in Scotland． Among these were a thirty per cent increase in demand for water， an increase in harmful insects such as flies and mosquitoes， and a fall in the amount of peas， potatoes， carrots and onions that were harvested． The populations of some types of birds declined because of a lack of water． There was also disturbance to trains because rails were bent by the heat．

Tett explained， \"Despite its cool climate， Scotland must start to prepare now for the impact of high temperature extremes． The bottom line is that heatwaves have become more likely because of the climate change caused by human activities．\"

V. TranslationDirections： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.

22．（3分）我真不明白为啥他总是对别人的家事指手画脚．（affair） 23．（3分）生活中我们要学会倾听，即便是与自己相悖的意见．（opposing） 24．（4分）在英国除了急症，没有预约有病也看不了．（unless） 25．（5分）这对夫妇刚要吃饭，门铃响了，是女儿送给他们的纪念日鲜花到了．（Scarcely） VI. Guided Writing

26．（25分）Directions： Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．

假如你是明启中学的学生李平，写信给你在海外的笔友王平，与他分享这段时间在线学习生活的感受．你的信必须包括： • 在线学习与在校学习的不同； • 你更偏爱的学习方式，并说明理由．（信的开头已经为你写好．）

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2020年上海市长宁区高考英语二模试卷

参考答案与试题解析

2．（1分）A． Classmates． B． Coach and athlete． C． Partners．

D． Teacher and student．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略

3．（1分）A．＄150． B．＄200． C．＄300． D．＄600．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略

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4．（1分）A． He hasn't started to read． B． He is a fast reader． C． The book is very attractive． D． The book is not too long．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略

5．（1分）A． Take the clothes out of the dryer． B． Do her laundry once again． C． Examine the dryer for maintenance． D． Dry her clothes for twenty more minutes．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略

6．（1分）A． His sweater is not warm enough． B． The woman should have worn a sweater． C． His coat is similar to the woman's． D． The woman needn't have brought the coat．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略

7．（1分）A． Call the local hotels again in a few days． B． Have her parents stay on campus．

C． Phone the Lake District Inn for a reservation． D． Look for vacant rooms near the campus．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略

8．（1分）A． The man should have attended the class． B． She has already finished her report．

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C． The man has enough time to finish his report． D． She will help the man with his outline．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略

9．（1分）A． The plane will leave at 9：30 sharp． B． The departure time remains unknown． C． The woman has just missed her plane． D． The mechanical problems have been fixed．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略

10．（1分）A． The man only filled his tank half full． B． The car has run out of gasoline． C． The car is breaking down on the way． D． The man can't read the instrument．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略

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C． Vienna． D． Budapest．

13．（6分）（1）A． The definition of responsibility． B． Good manners in public． C． The equality of husband and wife． D． Traditional views on marriage．（2）A． Sharing housework． B． Tending children．

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C． Guarding home． D． Making money．

（3）A． Men should treat women like baby dolls in their family life． B． Men should have more social responsibilities than women． C． Women should support their families as well． D． Women should be treated equally in public．（4）A． Men should observe the rule of lady first． B． Husband should treat his wife like a friend． C． Roles of man and woman in a family should differ． D． Husband and wife should both earn their own living．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略

The family who eats together

What's the price of a family meal？ For many families in the world's wealthiest countries， the answer seems to be， 'too much'． For instance， in the United States，（1） which is often a trendsetter in such things， the majority of families report eating a single meal together fewer than five days a week． In fact， the frequency of shared meals （2） has decreased （decrease） in American families by 33 per cent over the last twenty years． The meals （3） themselves have shortened too： from an average of 90 minutes to just 12 minutes．

So perhaps we're better off asking ourselves （4） what the cost of not eating together is． Once again， we could turn to the figures． The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development has found that 15﹣year﹣olds who reported not regularly （5） sharing （share） family meals were twice as likely to be absent from school． In Europe， research

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has suggested that children who don't eat dinner with their parents at least twice a week face a 40 per cent higher risk of fatness． Another study，（6） conducted （conduct） by the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse （滥用） at Columbia University， found that kids who eat dinner with their parents five or more times a week are （7） less likely （likely） to have problems with drugs and alcohol．

But those numbers， impressive （8） as\hough they seem， may be beside the point． After all， having a meal together is more than just a preventive measure （9） against future misfortune． The primary cost of the family meal is also the very thing that makes it important： time．

The time spent together over food leads to all the positive outcomes that are measured in the studies． That time spent together has less noticeable﹣but no less real﹣effects too． So often，（10） it is at the family meal that the family as such﹣the family as an organic unit with shared memories and feelings and ambitions﹣is made．

【分析】这是一篇说明文．文章主要介绍了一家人一起吃饭带来的好处．

【解答】（1）which．考查非限制性定语从句．句意：例如，在经常引领此类潮流的美国，大多数家庭表示，他们每周在一起吃一顿饭的时间少于五天．根据is often a trendsetter in such things可知此处是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是the United States，指物，且定语从句中缺少主语，因此要用关系代词which．故填which．

（2）has decreased．考查动词时态．句意：事实上，在过去的20年里，美国家庭共享食物的频率下降了33%．根据over the last twenty years可知此句时态是现在完成时，且主语是the frequency of shared meals，要用单数形式．故填has decreased．

（3）themselves．考查代词．句意：用餐时间也缩短了：从平均90分钟缩短到12分钟．根据主语The meals可知此处要用反身代词themselves，表示用餐本身．故填themselves．（4）what．考查宾语从句．句意：因此也许我们最好问问自己不一起吃饭的代价是什么．根据we're better off asking ourselves可知此处是一个宾语从句，缺少引导词，由宾语从句中的is可知此处要用what\"什么\"，且what充当is的表语．故填what．

（5）sharing．考查现在分词．句意：经济合作与发展组织发现，报告称不经常与家人一起吃饭的15岁青少年缺课的可能性是其他人的两倍．根据share与逻辑主语15﹣year﹣olds之间是主动关系，可知此处要用现在分词形式．故填sharing．

（6）conducted．考查过去分词．句意：哥伦比亚大学成瘾与药物滥用国家中心进行的另

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一项研究发现，每周与父母共进晚餐五次或五次以上的孩子，不太可能出现毒品和酗酒的问题．根据found that可知此处要用非谓语动词，由conduct与逻辑主语Another study之间是被动关系，因此要用过去分词作定语．故填conducted．

（7）less likely．考查形容词的比较级．句意：哥伦比亚大学成瘾与药物滥用国家中心进行的另一项研究发现，每周与父母共进晚餐五次或五次以上的孩子，不太可能出现毒品和酗酒的问题．固定短语be likely to do\"很有很可能做某事\"，根据who eat dinner with their parents five or more times a week可知此处要用形容词的比较级，表示\"不太可能\"．故填less likely．

（8）as \hough．考查连词．句意：但是，尽管这些数字看起来令人印象深刻，但它们可能无关紧要．根据impressive和they seem可知此处是形容词放在句首的半倒装句，根据句意可知连词as / though\"虽然，尽管\"符合题意．填as / though．

（9）against．考查介词．句意：毕竟，一起吃饭不仅仅是预防不幸的措施．根据future misfortune可知此处要用介词against，表示\"抵御，预防\"．故填against．

（10）it．考查代词．句意：通常情况下，正是在家庭聚餐中，家庭作为一个有机的整体，拥有共同的记忆、情感和抱负．根据is at the family meal that可知此处是一个强调句，被强调部分是at the family meal，因此要用代词it．故填it．

【点评】解答该类试题时应注意观察句子和文章特点，注意给了参考词汇的空格的解答技巧，一般使用其适当形式．而空白的部分应注意从代词、冠词和连词中作分析，再结合句子结构等，最后给出正确答案．

Section BDirections： Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 15．（10分）

A． flexible B． genetically C． habitually D． included E． populations F． previous G． restricted H． seldom

I． solid

J． suspects K． variations

Wearing shoes can weaken ankle bones

Your shoes are changing your feet． The ankles of people who （1） C wear shoes are different to those of people who tend to walk barefoot． In many industrial societies， people tend to wear shoes from a young age． However， many people around the world often go barefoot， or wear only very thin footwear．

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\"We know that there are some （2） K in the feet of modern humans， due to the use of shoes，\" says Rita Sorrentino at the University of Bologna in Italy． But most（3） F findings relate to the front and middle of the foot． She and her team have focused on the ankle instead． They studied 142 ankle bones from 11 （4） E from North America， Africa and Europe． These （5） D sandal﹣wearing （穿凉鞋的） Nguni farmers in southern Africa， people living in New York and bones from Stone Age hunter﹣gatherers．

The hunter﹣gatherers' ankle bones were significantly shorter than those of people living in modern cities， and there were other differences in the shape． \"They are mostly related to footwear﹣related behaviours and movement behaviours，\" says Sorrentino． The hunter﹣gatherers walked barefoot for long distances every day over natural land． Their ankles were relatively （6） A ． In contrast， people who live in big cities， who wear tight footwear and walk short distances on flat surfaces like concrete roads， had more unbending ankles． Changes to ankle bones take place over the course of a person's life， and there is no evidence that these alterations can be passed on （7）．

According to Sorrentino，（8） I evidence for people wearing shoes only exists for the past 10，000 years． For instance， a sandal from a Missouri cave may be 8300 years old． Early shoes were all fairly soft， so wouldn't have （9） G the motion of the ankle much．

It is an open question whether shoes have disadvantages， but Sorrentino（10） J that the firmness of modern shoes causes our bones to become weaker and more likely to suffer from breaking．

【分析】这是一篇说明文．研究人员通过研究来自北美、非洲和欧洲的11个族群的142块踝骨发现，习惯穿鞋的人的脚踝和赤脚走路的人的脚踝是不同的，穿鞋会削弱踝关节．早期的鞋子都相当柔软不会对脚踝的运动造成太大的限制，但是现代鞋的坚固性会使我们的骨骼变得更弱，更容易骨折．

【解答】（1）﹣（5）CKFED （6）﹣（10）ABIGJ

（1）C．考查副词．句意：习惯穿鞋的人的脚踝和赤脚走路的人的脚踝是不同的．根据wear shoes可知此处要用副词修饰动词， habitually \"依习惯地；习惯性地；经常地\"符合句意．故选C．

（2）K．考查名词的复数．句意：意大利博洛尼亚大学的Rita Sorrentino说：\"我们知

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道现代人的脚会有一些变化，这是由穿鞋子造成的．\"根据根due to the use of shoes可知，空处填variation，再根据some可知此处要用名词的复数形式， variations \"变化\"符合句意．故选K．

（3）F．考查形容词．句意：但之前的大多数发现都与脚的前部和中部有关．根据findings可知此处要用形容词修饰名词， previous\"之前的\"符合句意．故选F．

（4）E．考查名词的复数．句意：他们研究了来自北美、非洲和欧洲的11个族群的142块踝骨．根据from 11可知此处要用名词的复数形式， populations\"种群\"符合题意．故选E．

（5）D．考查动词的时态．句意：这些人包括非洲南部穿凉鞋的恩古尼农民、生活在纽约的人以及石器时代狩猎采集者的遗骨根据主语These可知此处要用谓语动词，由from Stone Age hunter﹣gatherers可知时态是一般过去时，included\"包括符合句意故选D．（6）A．考查形容词．句意：他们的脚踝相对灵活．根据were relatively可知此处要用形容词， flexible'灵活的\"符合句意．故选A．

（7）B．考查副词．句意：踝关节骨的变化是在人的一生中发生的，没有证据表明这些变化可以遗传．根据can be passed on可知此处要用副词修饰谓语动词，genetically\"从遗传角度，从基因角度\"符合句意．故选B．

（8）I．考查形容词．句意：根据Sorrentino的说法，人们穿鞋的确凿证据只存在了1万年．根据evidence可知此处要用形容词修饰名词，solid 可靠的，确凿的\"符合句意．故选I．

（9）G．考查动词的过去分词．句意：早期的鞋子都相当柔软，所以不会对脚踝的运动造成太大的限制．根据wouldn't have可知此处要用动词的过去形式， restricted\"限定，限制\"符合句意．故选G．

（10）J．考查动词的时态．句意：鞋子是否有缺点还是个末知数，但Sorrentino怀疑，现代鞋子的坚固性，会导致我们的骨骼变得更脆弱，更容易骨折．根据It is an open question可知此句时态是一般现在时，且主语是Sorrentino ， that﹣ 此句是宾语从句因此此处要用谓语动词的第三人称单数形式， suspects\"怀疑符合句意．故选J．

【点评】选词填空类完形旨在考查考生对英语词汇的把握和在语篇中的综合运用能力、阅读理解能力．解答此类题，首先要浏览所给词汇，对这些词汇的意义、词性有一个初步的了解，然后在通读全文，了解文章大意，最后在进行最为关键的一步﹣﹣试填． III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections： For each blank in the following passage

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there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

16．（15分）Why do so few people find fulfillment in their work？ Amy Wrzesniewski， a Yale School of Management professor who studies these issues， offered an explanation that made a lot of （1） C ． Students， she said， \"think their calling is under a rock， and if they （2） enough rocks， they will find it．\"

Surveys confirm that meaning is the top thing Millennials （千禧一代） say they want from a job． And yet her research shows that less than 50% of people see their work as a calling． So， many of her students are left feeling anxious，（3） A ， and completely unsatisfied by the good jobs and careers they do secure．

What they﹣and many of us， I think﹣fail to realize is that work can be（4） A even if you don't think of it as a calling． The four most common occupations in America are retail （零售） salesperson， cashier， food preparer/server， and office clerk﹣jobs that aren't typically（5） C \"meaning．\" But all have something in common with those professions that are， such as teachers and doctors： They exist to help others． And as Adam Grant， a professor at the University of Pennsylvania， has shown， people who see their work as a form of（6） D always rank their jobs as more meaningful．

How？ One strategy is to constantly remind yourself of your organization's main（9） C ． Life Is Good is a clothing company best known for colorful T﹣shirts with stick﹣figure designs， but its mission is to spread（10） A and hope throughout the world， and that's something even storeroom employees understand． If you work for an accounting firm， you're helping people or companies with the （11） A task of doing their taxes． Each job serves a purpose in the world．

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that those who described the work as dull were generally less productive than those who said it was （13）． But the effects went away for those in the former group who saw the work （however boring） as a way to support their families． With that attitude， they were just as productive and （14） D as the workers who didn't mind the task．

Not everyone finds their one true calling． But that doesn't mean we're fated to work meaningless jobs． If we （15） D our tasks as opportunities to help others， any occupation can feel more significant．

（1）A． progress （2）A． carve out （3）A． frustrated （4）A． meaningful

B． trouble B． turn over B． shocked B． demanding

C． sense C． pile up C． inspired C． repetitive

D． difference D． keep off D． excited D． challenging

B． existing B． After all B． in this way B． business B． information B． dangerous B． benefits B． rewarding B． surprised B． abandon

C． associated with D． defined as C． producing

D． giving

C． By comparison D． In addition C． in public C． objective C． designs C． productive C． worries C． rough C． confused C． neglect

D． on average D． construction D． strategies D． urgent D． entertains D． temporary D． energized D． reframe

【分析】这是一篇说明文．文章通过提出为什么很少有人能在工作中找到成就感进行研究，分析了其原因以及提出了具体怎么做的建议．研究人员发现，这主要是因为我们中的许多人都没有意识到工作可以是有意义的，我们可以在几乎任何工作的任何角色中找到工作的意义．

【解答】（1）﹣（5）CBAAC （6）﹣（10）DBACA （11）﹣（15）ABBDD

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（1）C．考查名词及语境理解．A． progress进步，发展； B． trouble麻烦，烦恼，故障； C． sense道理，感觉，观念； D． difference差异，不同．句意：耶鲁大学管理学院研究这些问题的教授Amy Wrzesniewski给出了一个有道理的解释．短语make sense讲得通，有道理，根据offered an explanation可知此处表示有道理的解释．故选C．（2）B．考查动词短语及语境理解．A． carve out开拓； B． turn over把..翻过来，翻阅，移交给； C． pile up堆积，积累； D． keep off让开，不接近．句意：她说，学生们\"认为他们对工作的成就感还没有被挖掘出来，如果被挖掘出来，就能能找到工作的成就感．\"根据they will find it可知此处表示要把那些岩石翻开．故选B．

（3）A．考查形容词及语境理解．A．frustrated懊恼的，沮丧的； B． shocked震惊的； C． inspired受鼓舞的，品质优秀的； D． excited激动的．句意：因此，她的许多学生感到焦虑、沮丧，对他们所拥有的好工作和职业完全不满意．根据feeling anxious和and completely unsatisfied可知此处用沮丧的符合题意．故选A．

（4）A．考查形容词及语境理解．A． meaningful有意义的； B． demanding要求高的，费力的； C． repetitive重复的； D． challenging挑战的．句意：我认为，他们和我们中的许多人没有意识到，即使你认为工作是有成就感的，它也可能是有意义的．根据fail to realize可知此处表示工作可以是有意义的．故选A．

（5）C．考查动词短语及语境理解．A． distinguished from区别于； B． exposed to暴露于； C． associated with与..相联系，有关； D．defined as界定， ..下定义．句意：在美国，最常见的四种职业是零售销售、收银员、食品加工者/服务员以及办公室文员，这些工作与\"意义无关．根据jobs that aren't typically可知此处表示这些工作与\"意义\"无关．故选C．

（6）D．考查动名词及语境理解．A． understanding理解； B． existing存在； C． producing生产； D． giving给予，付出，奉献．句意：正如宾夕法尼亚大学教授Adam Grant所表明的，那些把工作视为奉献的人，总是认为自己的工作更有意义．根据They exist to help others可知此处表示那些把工作视为奉献的人，总是认为自己的工作更有意义．故选D．

（7）B．考查介词短语及语境理解．A． In condusion总之，最后； B． After al毕竟，终究； C． By comparison相比之下； D． In addition另外，此外．句意：毕竟，大多数公司创造产品或服务来满足世界的需求，所有员工都以自己的方式做出贡献．根据上文That means you can find meaning in nearly any role in nearly any organization．可知此处

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表示毕竟之意．故选B．

（8）A．考查副词短语及语境理解． A． as a whole总的来说； B． in this way用这种方法； C． in public公开地，当众； D． on average平均，通常．句意：关键是要更加意识到你所提供的服务一既是整体的又是个人的．根据and personally可知此处表示既是整体的又是个人的．故选A．

（9）C．考查名词及语境理解．A． advantage优势，利益； B． business生意商业； C． objective目的，目标； D． construction建设．句意：有一种策略是不断提醒自己公司的主要目标．根据but its mission is to spread可知此处表示不断提醒自己公司的主要目标．故选C．

（10）A．考查名词及语境理解．A． optimism乐观，乐观主义； B． information知识，信息； C． designs设计； D． strategies战略策略．句意： Life Is Good是一家服装公司，最出名的是色彩鲜艳的T恤和线条设计，但它的使命是向全世界传播乐观和希望，这是连储藏室的员工都能理解的．根据and hope throughout the world可知此处表示它的使命是向全世界传播乐观和希望．故选A．

（11）A．考查形容词及语境理解．A． unpleasant使人不愉快的，讨厌的； B． dangerous危险的； C． productive生产的，多产的； D． urgent紧急的，急迫的．句意：如果你在一家会计公司工作，你就是在帮助人们或公司完成﹣项不愉快的税务工作．根据doing their taxes可知对人们或者公司而言，税务工作是不愉快的．故选A．

（12）B．考查动词及语境理解．A． gathers收集，集聚； B． benefits有益于； C． worries担忧； D． entertains招待，娱乐．句意：即使你不能对公司的使命或客户感到兴奋，你仍然可以通过思考你的工作如何让你所爱的人受益来采取一种服务态度．根据those you love可知此处表示思考你的工作如何让你所爱的人受益．故选B．

（13）B．考查形容词及语境理解．A．embarrassing令人尴尬的； B． rewarding有益的，值得的； C． rough粗糙的，艰苦的； D． temporary暂时的，临时的．句意：研究人员发现，那些认为工作枯燥的人通常比那些认为工作有益的人效率更低．根据than可知此处表示两种态度的对比，由those who described the work as dull were generally less productive可知此处表示那些认为工作有益的人．故选B．

（14）D．考查形容词及语境理解．A．relaxed放松的，自在的； B． surprised感到惊讶的； C． confused困惑的； D． energized有活力的．句意：有了这种态度，他们就像那些不介意任务的员工一样富有成效和精力充沛．根据they were just as productive可知

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此处用有活力的符合题意．故选D．

（15）D．考查动词及语境理解．A． assign分配，指派； B． abandon遗弃，离开； C． neglect忽略，忽视； D． reframe全新地拟定（或表达），再构造．句意：如果我们把自己的任务重新定义为帮助他人的机会，那么任何职业都会让人感觉更有意义．根据any occupation can feel more significant可知此处表示把把自己的任务重新定义．故选D．

【点评】做题之前，必须先浏览全文，了解短文的大意，这是非常重要的一个步骤．通过短文所提供的信息，借助语感及相关知识的推断，可以从整体上把握短文的轮廓．完形填空题不同于单项填空题，单项填空题所给的是一个或两个句子，根据设空句或前后语境就可以选出答案．而完形填空题所给的是一篇意思完整的短文，答案的选择要联系整段或整篇文章．切勿为了省时而边看边填；否则，只会欲速则不达．许多地方看不下去，选择时或不解其意，或似懂非懂，从而举棋不定，这样不仅错误率高，而且费时费力．

Section BDirections： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

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tries．

（1）According to the passage， the author most probably is a（n） C ． A． field biologist B． insect observer C． expert photographer D． mountain hiker

（2）The author placed the camera stand on a steep and rocky path to C ． A． make up for the dying light

B． keep away from the annoying fireflies C． obtain an ideal image D． catch peak firefly presence

（3）We can learn from the passage that the author ． A． was accused of capturing wild fireflies

B． endured physically to get first﹣hand firefly shots C． was tired of the exposure to dark forests D． got his most satisfying image on the second night

（4）What does the author think of his experience in the forest？ A A． Fascinating． B． Passionate． C． Surprising．

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D． Miserable．

【分析】这是一篇记叙文．作者是一个专业摄影师，受一位编辑之托前去拍摄一篇关于墨西哥萤火虫的报道，讲述了作者的拍摄过程以及作者很享受这片充满了萤火虫的森林景象．

【解答】（1）C．推理判断题．根据第一段中\"When an editor called to ask if I could photograph a story about fireflies in Mexico， I didn't check my schedule before I said yes．当一位编辑打电话问我是否可以拍摄一篇关于墨西哥萤火虫的报道时，我没有查看我的日程安排就答应了．\"由此判断出，作者很可能是一位专业摄影师．故选C．

（2）C．细节理解题．根据第二段中\"In order to get the composition that I wanted， I placed my camera stand on a steep， rocky path and had to steady it during the long exposures．为了得到我想要的图象，我把相机架在陡峭的岩石小道上，在长时间曝光的过程中必须保持相机的稳定．\"可知，作者把相机架在陡峭的岩石小道上是想获得理想的图象．故选C．（3）B．推理判断题．根据第二段中\"Normally this wouldn't be a big deal， but the ﬁreﬂies were very interested in the camera and， by extension， in me． I stood completely still while they crawled all over me﹣my arms， my hair， my face﹣and tickled （呵痒） my nose and cheeks．正常情况下这没什么大不了的，但萤火虫对相机很感兴趣，进而对我也很感兴趣．我一动不动地站着，它们在我身上爬来爬去﹣﹣我的胳膊，我的头发，我的脸，让我的鼻子和脸颊非常痒．\"由此判断出，我们可以从这篇文章中了解到作者为了获得第一手的萤火虫镜头而忍受了身体上的折磨．故选B．

（4）A．推理判断题．根据最后一段中\"That will always be my favorite experience with these shining creatures．那将永远是我与这些闪闪发光的生物最喜欢的经历．\"由此判断出，作者认为他在森林里的经历是令人着迷的．A． Fascinating 太迷人了；B． Passionate充满激情；C． Surprising令人惊讶；D． Miserable可怜的．故选A．

【点评】要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性．对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准． 18．（6分）

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You can use your new skills to proofread your own work， in your current job， or add them to your résumé to help you find a new position or gain promotion． But that's not all． You also learn how to set up as a freelancer and how to find customers so you can work at home for an extra or full﹣time income potentially earning ₤25 per hour． Once you have the skills the choice is yours．

The course is ideal for beginners or to use as a refresher． 15﹣day trial． Request your free course introduction， with no obligation to enroll． Call or click now!

Your Course Includes：

Expert Opinions

• Specialist course on proofreading and copy \"This is an extremely helpful course both for editing．

those starting proofreading and for those

• Caring constructive help from expert tutors． who， like me， need to be reminded of • Four tutor﹣marked assignments．

everything we have forgotten． Above all， I

• Help and advice from our experienced thoroughly enjoyed that tone of voice of the Student Advisory Team． • Flexible study programme．

• Specialist advice on how to find work． • Enroll when it suits you．

• Instant access to course material when you enroll online． • 15 days trial．

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author﹣he writes with authority but manages to keep a light touch．\" Dorothy Nicolle

What Our Students Say

\"I am an English honours graduate but even so I discovered that my grammar was not as

• Advice on how to set yourself up in business． • Continuing Professional Development Certificate．

perfect as I had believed! After completing the Proofreading & Copy Editing course I set myself up as a part﹣time freelance proofreader with a small band of regular customers．\" Carol Browne

（1）According to the brochure， \"a freelancer\" （paragraph 3）refers to someone who D ． A． finds customers mainly online B． gets promoted at work easily C． longs for the freedom of being alone D． works for oneself with a flexible schedule

（2）If you are interested in this course but have not enrolled yet， you may A ． A． make your decision after a half﹣month try B． have free access to the course material C． need to show your CPD Certificate D． help tutors mark some homework

（3）It can be concluded from the brochure that C ． A． the course is more beneficial to experts than to green hands B． proofreading and copy editing are normally paper﹣pen tasks C． there is a good market for proofreading and copy editing D． high﹣level proofreaders and copy editors are rare to find

【分析】这是一篇应用文．本文是一篇广告，主要是向人们介绍了关于学习校对和编辑的相关信息以及其带来的好处，呼吁人们报名学习．

【解答】（1）D．词义猜测题．根据第三段的You also learn how to set up as a freelancer and how to find customers so you can work at home for an extra or full﹣time income potentially earning ₤25 per hour．你还会学习如何成为一名自由职业者，如何找到客户，这样你就可以在家里工作，赚取每小时25英镑的额外或全职收入．由可以在家里工作并赚取每小时25英镑的额外或全职收入，可知，根据手册上的介绍，\"a freelancer\"指的是工作时间

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灵活的\"自由职业者\"．故选D．

（2）A．细节理解题．根据第四段的15﹣day trial． Request your free course introduction， with no obligation to enroll． 15天的试验期．免费的课程介绍，不需要注册．可知，如果你对这门课程感兴趣，但还没有注册，你可以在半个月的尝试后做出决定．故选A．（3）C．推理判断题．根据倒数第二段的Above all， I thoroughly enjoyed that tone of voice of the author﹣he writes with authority but manages to keep a light touch．最重要的是，我非常喜欢作者的语气﹣﹣他写得很有权威，文笔轻快．以及最后一段的After completing the Proofreading & Copy Editing course I set myself up as a part﹣time freelance proofreader with a small band of regular customers．完成校对和文案编辑课程后，我开始做兼职自由校对，拥有一小群固定客户．由此判断出，从这本小册子中顾客的反馈可以看出，校对和编辑有很好的市场．故选C．

【点评】本文是社会文化类阅读，主要考查细节理解题和推理判断题．在做细节理解题时，首先根据题目要求迅速在文章里找出相应的段落、句子或短语．认真比较选项和文中细节的区别，在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．

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physical measurements． But scale changes everything． The Department of Homeland Security plans to scan \"97 percent of all passengers on outgoing international flights．\" And the technology has been improved and commercialized to the point where you can search a database and buy scans for as little as \"40 cents an image if you opt for Amazon's facial recognition software plan．\"

（1）So far Clearview's customers are D ． A． investors of AI apps B． social media sites

C． small groups of private users D． government departments

（2）By \"But scale changes everything．\" （paragraph 2）， the author means that A ． A． facial identification technology has gone far beyond its original purpose B． people should be scanned through more available physical measurements

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A． Rules concerning anti﹣invasion of privacy are practicable around the world． B． Facial recognition technology is too irresistible to set aside for governments． C． Efforts to stop misuse of facial identification have achieved an initial success． D． Prohibition on identification technology has gained support from governments．（4）Which of the following is the best title of the passage？ C A． Facial recognition is under control B． Get your facial identification ready C． Your face is now public property D． Establish a larger face database

【分析】这是一篇说明文．文章主要介绍了一项新的应用程序Clearview最终会向公众开放，通过这程序能很快根据一张脸搜索出一个人，这个程序引起了很多方面的关注和担忧．

【解答】（1）D．推理判断题．根据第一段中\" Clearview licenses its technology to more than 600 law implementation agencies．\" \"\"Clearview将其技术授权给600多个法律执行机构\"以及New York City passed on the app after a 90﹣day test， worried about potential misuse． Clearview's investors \"predict that its app will eventually be available to the public．\" 纽约市在90天的测试后通过了这款应用，担心它可能会被滥用．Clearview的投资者\"预计它的应用程序最终将向公众开放\"．可知，到目前为止，Clearview的客户都是政府部门．故选D．

（2）A．词句猜测题．根据第二段中The Department of Homeland Security plans to scan \"97 percent of all passengers on outgoing international flights．\" And the technology has been improved and commercialized to the point where you can search a database and buy scans for as little as \"40 cents an image if you opt for Amazon's facial recognition software plan．\" 国土安全部计划扫描\"97%的所有出境国际航班的乘客\"．这项技术已经得到了改进和商业化，你可以搜索数据库，购买扫描结果，只要\"选择亚马逊的面部识别软件计划，只需40美分一张图片\"．根据山下文语境可以判断出作者说But scale changes everything．（但是规模改变了一切．）的意思是面部识别技术已经远远超出了它最初的目的．故选A．（3）B．推理判断题．根据第三段中A two﹣party push to limit the government's use of facial recognition has been delayed in Congress． The European Union （EU） is discussing a five﹣year temporary ban， but European privacy rules contain \"a broad carve﹣out for public

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authorities．\" And authorities are using it： London's police just last week enabled live facial recognition for cameras across the city．两党努力限制政府使用面部识别在国会被推迟．欧盟（EU）正在讨论一项为期五年的临时禁令，但欧洲隐私规则包含了\"对公共当局的广泛划分\"．当局正在使用它：伦敦警方上周刚刚在全市范围内启用了摄像头实时面部识别功能．由此判断出，面部识别技术实在是太不可抗拒了以至于政府无法将其搁置一旁．故选B．

（4）C．主旨大意题．根据第一段中A secretive facial recognition program \"could announce the end of public anonymity （匿名），\" said Kashmir Hill in The New York Times．据《纽约时报》报道，Kashmir Hill表示，一项秘密的面部识别程序\"可能会宣布公众匿名制的终结\"．以及Clearview's investors \"predict that its app will eventually be available to the public．\" Soon， \"searching someone by face could become as easy as Googling a name．\" Clearview的投资者\"预计它的应用程序最终将向公众开放\"．很快，\"通过脸搜索一个人就可以像谷歌一个名字一样简单．\"再通读全文，可知，本文主要介绍了一项新的应用程序Clearview最终会向公众开放，通过这程序能很快根据一张脸搜索出一个人，因此选项C\"你的脸现在是公共财产\"为短文最佳标题．故选C．

【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断题要合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据．

How we write today

The alphabet was born about 3800 years ago． After a slow start， it has produced dozens of offspring（后代）．（1） E Near the beginning of this period， the Phoenician alphabet﹣a direct offspring of the first one﹣gave rise to the Greek and Aramaic alphabets． The Greek alphabet then led to a huge variety of forms， from the Cyrillic family used in south﹣east Europe and northern Asia to the Latin/Roman family that includes English， German and French． The Aramaic alphabet， meanwhile， developed into a group that includes the Hebrew and Arabic alphabets． It probably also gave rise to the Brahmi script， another

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distinct type of alphabet that is itself the parent of dozens more used across south and South﹣East Asia．

（2） D In the first﹣of which Chinese text is the only real example still in use﹣signs represent full words． In the other， signs represent syllables （音节）． Japanese uses many Chinese \"word\" characters， but has two other writing systems based on syllable signs． The few other syllable﹣based systems include the Cherokee one used in the south﹣east US． The variety and global dominance of the alphabet isn't necessarily a sign of its superiority to other writing systems， says Amalia Gnanadesikan， recently retired from the University of Maryland．（3） F For instance， they are used across north Asia， Africa and the Americas because of Russian and western European expansionism．

E． Perhaps the most important divisions happened between 3000 and 2000 years ago． F． In some parts of the world， alphabets have been imposed on people by empire builders．【分析】本文为说明文，这篇文章介绍书写文字的演变过程和各种书写的优缺点．【解答】（1）﹣（4）EDFB

（1）E．考查上下文逻辑关系．根据下文Near the beginning of this period， the Phoenician alphabet﹣a direct offspring of the first one﹣gave rise to the Greek and Aramaic alphabets．在这一时期开始时，腓尼基字母﹣﹣第一个字母的直接后代﹣﹣产生了希腊字母和亚拉姆字母．可知上文应该有一段时间，E项Perhaps the most important divisions happened between 3000 and 2000 years ago也许最重要的分隔发生在3000年到2000年前，和下文

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吻合．故选E．

（2）D．考查上下文逻辑关系．根据下文In the first﹣of which Chinese text is the only real example still in use﹣signs represent full words． In the other， signs represent syllables （音节）．第一个例子中，汉语文本是唯一还在使用的真实例子，符号代表完整的单词，而另一个例子中，符号代表音节．可知上文是Aside from the alphabet， there are two other modern writing systems除了字母表，还有另外两种现代书写系统．故选D．

（3）F．考查上下文逻辑关系．根据下文For instance， they are used across north Asia， Africa and the Americas because of Russian and western European expansionism．例如，由于俄罗斯和西欧的扩张主义，它们在整个北亚、非洲和美洲使用．说明上文提到世界的一些地方：In some parts of the world， alphabets have been imposed on people by empire builders．在世界上的一些地方，字母表是由帝国建造者强加给人们的．故选F．（4）B．考查上下文逻辑关系．根据上文The fact that alphabets use a smaller set of characters than other writing systems isn't entirely beneficial either， says Gnanadesikan．Gnanadesikan说，字母表使用的字符比其他书写系统要少，这一事实也不完全有益．下文是字母表不利的地方：It means words must be written using combinations of several symbols．这意味着单词必须用几个符号的组合来书写．故选B．【点评】①通读全文，了解文章大意；

②细读五个选项，找出和文章相对应的关键词，分析选项间的逻辑关系； ③根据文章整体结构、具体内容，结合关键词，选出最佳选项．

④将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点查看逻辑关系和关联结构是否合理． IV. Summary Writing

21．（10分）Directions： Read the following passage． Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words． Use your own words as far as possible．

Scottish summers set to keep getting warmer， study shows

Climate change is long﹣term changes in the world's weather patterns， including rising temperatures． Human activities such as burning fossil fuels （coal， oil and natural gas），

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farming and cutting down forests are a major cause of changing weather patterns around the world． When fossil fuels are burned， for example， they release gases such as carbon dioxide into the atmosphere． These gases are called greenhouse gases． Their emissions contribute to climate change．

People experienced hot and dry conditions during a heatwave in the summer of 2018． The team found that climate change would lead to those conditions becoming more frequent in Scotland． Lead researcher Professor Simon Tett， from Edinburgh University， said that carbon dioxide emissions had to be cut around the world in order to prevent this from getting worse．

【分析】高分句型一：A study shows that Scotland is expected to have hotter and drier summers due to global climate change resulting from harmful human activities like greenhouse gases emission．

译文：一项研究表明，由于温室气体排放等有害的人类活动导致的全球气候变化，苏格兰的夏季预计将更炎热、更干燥．

分析：这句话使用that引导宾语从句，due to表示\"由于\"．

高分句型二：Moreover， it reveals that the dryness and hotness of 2018 summer directly caused disastrous consequences to creatures， vegetation and transportation in Scotland．译文：此外，它还揭示了2018年夏季的干热直接给苏格兰的生物、植被和交通带来灾难性后果．

分析：这句话使用that引导宾语从句．

【解答】A study shows that Scotland is expected to have hotter and drier summers due to

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global climate change resulting from harmful human activities like greenhouse gases emission．【高分句型一】（人类活动对苏格兰气候的影响） Moreover， it reveals that the dryness and hotness of 2018 summer directly caused disastrous consequences to creatures， vegetation and transportation in Scotland．【高分句型二】（2018年的干旱和炎热导致的后果） Actions should be taken before things get worse．（必须采取行动）【点评】解题方法点拨

1）细读原文．首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨和结构，明确各段的大意． 2）弄清要求．新高考的概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点．

3）列出原文要点．分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序．在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分．

V. TranslationDirections： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.

22．（3分）我真不明白为啥他总是对别人的家事指手画脚．（affair） I don't understand why he always interfere with others' family affairs

【分析】我真不明白为啥他总是对别人的家事指手画脚．

【解答】答案：I don't understand why he always interfere with others' family affairs．根据句意和结构可知understand后面是why引导的宾语从句，从句中用interfere with意为\"干涉\"．family affairs家庭事务．故填I don't understand why he always interfere with others' family affairs．

【点评】汉译英是基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语，按照适当的语序来翻译．

23．（3分）生活中我们要学会倾听，即便是与自己相悖的意见．（opposing） In life， we should learn to listen， even if it is opposing opinions．【分析】生活中我们要学会倾听，即便是与自己相悖的意见．

【解答】答案：In life， we should learn to listen， even if it is opposing opinions．根据句意和结构可知这句话使用even if引导让步状语从句，形容词opposing\"相悖的\"修饰opinions．故填In life， we should learn to listen， even if it is opposing opinions．【点评】汉译英是基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语，按照适当的语序来翻译．

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24．（4分）在英国除了急症，没有预约有病也看不了．（unless） In Britain， without an appointment， you can't see when you are ill unless it is an emergency．【分析】在英国除了急症，没有预约有病也看不了．

【解答】答案：In Britain， without an appointment， you can't see when you are ill unless it is an emergency．根据句意和结构可知这句话使用when引导时间状语从句，unless引导条件状语从句，意为\"除非\"．故填In Britain， without an appointment， you can't see when you are ill unless it is an emergency．

【点评】汉译英是基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语，按照适当的语序来翻译．

25．（5分）这对夫妇刚要吃饭，门铃响了，是女儿送给他们的纪念日鲜花到了．（Scarcely） Scarcely had the couple eaten when the doorbell rang． It was the flowers that their daughter gave them for their anniversary．【分析】这对夫妇刚要吃饭，门铃响了，是女儿送给他们的纪念日鲜花到了．

【解答】答案：Scarcely had the couple eaten when the doorbell rang． It was the flowers that their daughter gave them for their anniversary．根据句意和结构可知第一句话使用scarcely+had sb done when sb did sth意为\"一…就…\"，第二句话使用that引导定语从句修饰the flowers．故填Scarcely had the couple eaten when the doorbell rang． It was the flowers that their daughter gave them for their anniversary．

【点评】汉译英是基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语，按照适当的语序来翻译． VI. Guided Writing

26．（25分）Directions： Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．

【分析】高分句型一：Traditional classroom teaching is undeniably an irreplaceable experience which focuses on face﹣to﹣face communication．

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译文：不可否认，传统的课堂教学是一种不可替代的注重面对面的交流的教学经验．分析：这句话使用which引导定语从句修饰 an irreplaceable experience．高分句型二： It also removes the need to travel， which saves a lot of time．译文：它还减少了外出的需要，这节省了很多时间．分析：这句话使用which引导非限制性定语从句．【解答】Dear Wang Ping，

Personally， I feel that remote teaching and traditional lectures both have their pros and cons．In either way， I do enjoy interacting with the teachers during a lesson， preferably through online methods． Traditional classroom teaching is undeniably an irreplaceable experience which focuses on face﹣to﹣face communication．【高分句型一】Teachers may walk around and that changes the atmosphere of the lesson drastically， while they cannot achieve that during a livestream lesson． On the other hand， remote teaching enables teachers to check students' status and homework more conveniently． It also removes the need to travel， which saves a lot of time．【高分句型二】（你更偏爱的学习方式，并说明理由） In conclusion， I find remote teaching to be slightly better， but attending a traditional lecture from time to time is also beneficial to a student's well﹣rounded development．（你更偏爱的学习方式，并说明理由） Yours， Li Ping

【点评】这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法．需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可．写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题．尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次．同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少．

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