[四级词汇] 2011英语四级考试必备：核心词汇（1）
abundant a. 丰富的，充裕的，大量的
acquire vt. 取得，获得；学到
accomplish vt .完成，到达；实行
adopt v. 收养；采用；采纳
adapt vi. 适应，适合；改编，改写 vt. 使适应
adequate a. 适当地；足够
adhere vi. 粘附，附着；遵守，坚持
attach vt. 系，贴；使附属
avenue n. 林荫道，大街
available a. 现成可用的；可得到的
applicable a. 可应用的，适当的
applicant n. 申请人
appeal n. vi. 呼吁，恳求
acknowledge v. 承认；致谢
apparent a. 显然的，明白的
appetite n. 胃口；欲望
awful a. 极坏的，威严的，可怕的
awkward a. 笨拙的，棘手的
await vt. 等候
appoint vt. 任命，委派
approach v. 接近 n. 途径，方式
appropriate a. 适当的
beforehand ad. 预先，事先
breadth n. 宽度
blast n. 爆炸；气流 vi. 炸，炸掉
breed n. 种，品种 v. 繁殖，产仔
barrel n. 桶
bargain n. 便宜货 vi. 讨价还价
barrier n. 障碍；棚栏
budget n. 预算 v. 编预算，作安排
bunch n. 群，伙；束，串
bundle n. 捆，包，束 vt. 收集，归拢
ceremony n. 典礼，仪式
chaos n. 混乱，紊乱
cargo n. (船、飞机等装载的)货物
coarse a. 粗的，粗糙的，粗劣的
coach n. 教练；长途公共汽车
code n. 准则，法规，密码
conservation n. 保存，保护
conservative a. 保守的
comparable a. (with, to) 可比较的，比得上的，类似的
comparative a. 比较的，相对的
complain vi. 抱怨，埋怨
deposit n. 存款，定金 v.存放，储蓄
[四级语法] 春假特辑：四级语法专项练习题-名词1
一、名词
1. _____there any water in the bottle?
A) Have B) Has C) Are D) Is
2. There _____two glasses of milk on the table in the room.
A) have B) has C) are D) is
3 I still want two _____of clothing for the coming party.
A) articles B) pieces C) bits D) sections
4. A _____of smoke rose slowly from the roof of the hut.
A) piece B) column C) stream D) bar
5. The beggar always asks for a _____of bread and a glass of beer.
A) section B) column C) loaf D) part
6. Once a _____ of lions lived in the forest.
A) pride B) swarm C) troupe D) herd
7. A_____ of football players arrived at the hotel last night.
A) gang B) team C) troupe D) school
8. A flock of birds_____ circling the field.
A) was B) were C) is being D) are being
9. Some _____have been brought in from the car.
A) package B) packages C) the package D) the packages
10. The elderly _____increasingly asserting their rights.
A) is being B) are being C) is D) are
11. He then took _____ butter, with the result that hardly any was left for the rest of us.
A) a few B) a little C) many D) a number of
12. I have fewer _____than I did at the beginning of the term.
A) homework B) homework assignment
C) homeworks D) homework assignments
13. This is _____.She wrote her name on the first page.
A)a Sherry’s book B)a book of Sherry C)a book of Sherry’s D)Sherry’s a book
14. Do you know _____ ? He seems to know you well.
A) the name of the man B) the name of the man’s
C) the man’s the name D) name of the man’s
15. _____ is the most beautiful one I have ever seen.
A) Bob brother’s car B) Car of Bob’s brother
C) Bob’s brother’s car D) The car of Bob’s brother
16. He was able to recite_____ at the age of three.
A) fifteen poems of Li Bai’s B) fifteen poems of Li Bai
C) fifteen Li Bai’s poems D) Li Bai’s fifteen poem
17. The militia _____keeping guard yesterday evening.
A)is B)are C)was D)were
18. The policeman is investigating the _____ about the traffic accident.
A)passer-by B)passers-by C)passer-bys D)passers-bys
19. The books on the left are for small children whereas the books on the right are for _____ .
A)grown-ups B)growns-up C)grown-up D)grown ups
20. His salary is low and he gets_____ .
A)little luxuries B)few luxuries C)luxuries D)luxury
21. He inherited five companies of his father’s and lived a life of _____ .
A)luxuries B)many luxuries C)much luxuries D)luxury
22. _____ is from India.
A )The mayor’s of New York’s cat B )The mayor’s cat of New York
C )The mayor of New York’s cat D )The mayor’s cat of New York
23 . _____ new baby is very lovely.
A)Sally’s and Tom’s B)Sally and Tom’s C)Sally’ s and Tom D)Sally and Tom
24. _____Is worth a million dollars now, but he bought it for only two dollars ten years ago.
A)The portrait of John B)The John’s portrait
C)John’s the portrait D)The portrait of John’s
25. He stood at _____ .
A)the foot of the bed B)the bed’s foot C)the bed’s the foot D)the foot of bed’s
答案
1.d 2 c 3 a 4 b 5 c 6 a 7 b 8 a 9 b 10 d 11 b 12 d 13 c 14 a 15 c 16 a 17 d 18 b 19 a 20 b 21 d 22 c 23 b 24 d 25a
[四级听力] 2011春假特辑：四级听力常考习语（1）
1、across
1、表方位。
Let’s go to the restaurant across the street and get something to eat.
让我们去街对面的餐馆买些吃的。
2、表动作，穿越。
You must go across the bridge and then turn right.
你必须先过桥，然后再往右拐。
2、age
1、年龄。最一般的表达。在此不赘述。
2、衰老。
the aging people = the old people
现代社会出现越来越严重的aging problem(人口老龄化问题)等。
3、all
1、shake all over 浑身颤抖
2、all of a sudden 突然地
All of a sudden, I remembered her name. 我突然想起了她的名字。
3、by all means 一定
I’ll come by all means. 我一定会来的。
4、all night long 整晚
My present neighbor plays piano all night long. 我现在的邻居整晚都弹钢琴。
4、apply
这里我们详细串联一下在听力考试中涉及到的与求职相关的短语。
apply for(申请)，这是工作的第一步；既然要申请，必然需要递交letter of application(求职信)，只要你足够confident about yourself，就有可能获得job interview(工作面试)的机会。是否能够give a good impression(留个好印象)给主管，那就得看你个人犄造化了。
有些工作岗位会require much traveling，(要求经常出差)还有些工作，做不了多久就会希望find a way out(找到出路)。
正所谓城里城外，各有风光。没工作的人想工作，有工作的人又烦工作。
5、as
1、作为，当作。
I am working as his teaching assistant. 我作为他的助教进行工作。
2、as…as 就像……一样
I’ve heard that he is as well-known as Johnson herself. 我听说他跟约翰生本人自己一样著名。
I don’t think it would be as boring as working in an office.
我并不认为这会跟在办公室工作一样枯燥。
It wasn’t as easy as I had thought. 这不像我想的那么简单。
It’s not as bad as it looks. 这并不像看上去的那么糟糕。
Is that optional course as hard as everybody says?
那个选修课真的就像每个人说的那样难吗
3、as far as I know 据我所知
As far as I know, whether there’ll be such a trip is yet to be decided.
据我所知，是否有这么一趟旅行尚未决定。
As far as I know, he works until midnight every day.
据我所知，他每天都工作到半夜。
4、as well 也
If the weather is this hot tomorrow, we may as well give up the idea of playing tennis outside.
如果明天温度还是这么高，我们也可能放弃到户外进行比赛的主意。
1、as soon as 一……就，尽快
I will do that for you as soon as I have fixed the machine.
一修好机器我就会尽快为你完成那个工作。
[四级阅读] 名师指导英语四级考试快速阅读得分技巧
略读(skimming)，指的是快速浏览全文的阅读方法。略读的对象是文章的开始段、结束段、每段的段首句和结尾句。文章内容的概括性陈述一般都在这些位置。
略读的目的是：(1)了解文章的主题;(2)对文章的结构获得一个整体概念;(3)对各部分的内容获得一个粗略的印象;(4)对文章主旨做出判断。
对快速阅读而言，略读最重要的意义在于对各部分的内容获得一个粗略印象，以方便在寻读的迅速确定答案所在的部分或段落。
① 有小标题的文章
解题技巧 对于有小标题的文章，把握开头或结尾部分就把握住了文章的主题与写作目的。小标题相当于段落的主题句，把握住小标题就把握住了文章的主要内容。这些小标题在寻读时也显得格外重要，从题干中的定位信息可以快速找到相关的小标题(模糊定位)，再在小标题下的内容中查找就可以了(精确定位)。这对于提高作题速度非常有帮助。
【真题示例1】
….5.Protect your references.
If your resume contains a section with the names and contact information of your references,take it out.There’s no sense in safeguarding your information while sharing private contact information of your references..
Q:To protect your references,you should not post online their _______
【解析】name and contact information / private contact information。根据题干中的protect your references可以快速定位到小标题5下的内容。本段讲述的主要是是如何来保护自己的证明人。段中说的主要内容就是要把联系人的姓名和联系方式从网上拿下来。
【真题示例2】
原文的几个小标题为： How Much Trash Is Generated;How Is Trash Disposed of ;What Is a Landfill;Proposing the landfill;Building the Landfill;What Happens to Trash in a Landfill;How Is a Landfill Operated
Q:The passage gives a general description of the structure and use of a landfill.
【解析】选Y。看文章的标题可知道全文主要描述的是垃圾填埋场的建设与使用。所以题干正确.
② 无小标题的文章解题技巧 对于没有小标题的文章，需要把握文章开头或结尾部分来把握文章的主题与写作目的。更重要的是浏览每段的段首和段尾，对每一段的主题和内容获得一个粗略的印象。建议考生在浏览时将本段的主题词用笔圈出。这些主题词将起到
小标题的作用。
【真题示例】
….Today,the interstate system links every major city in the U.S. and the U.S.with Canada and Mexico.Built with safety in mind,the highways have wide lanes and shoulders,dividing medians or barriers,long entry and exit lanes,curves engineered for safe turns,and limited access.The death rate on highways is half that of all other U.S.roads(0.86 deaths per 100 million passenger miles compared to 1.99 deaths per 100 million on all other roads)…
Q: In spite of safety considerations ,the death rate on interstate highways is still higher than that of ther American roads.
【解析】选N。本段讲的是告诉公路的安全问题，death rate是其中的一个关键词。根据题干中的关键词定位到这一段，再根据句中存在的比较关系再具体定位到段落的末尾处。原文说：“高速公路上的车祸死亡碧绿是其他路面上的一半”。所以题干说：“高速公路上的事故死亡率比其他路面上的高”是错误的。
即讲即练
In the UK it is estimated that work-related stress is responsible for six million days of sick leave a year,with stress being linked to many minor and major illnesses.
For most people,work is a significant and meaningful part of life with the majority of us spending aroun 25% of our adult lives owrking. While work can provide us with purpose, satistaction,sell-esteem and spending power ,the workplace can also be a setting of stress and worry.
What is work-ralated stress?
Everyone is under some pressure in the workplace.Some external pressures can be a postive factor, helping us to be more productive.Some people actually thrive under short-term added pressure, and our bodies are designed to meet these short-term demands.Hormones are released to prepare us for a “fight of flight” response to demanding situations. However,excessive and prolonged stress can produce a range of physical and emotional health problems which have come to be grouped as “work-related stress”.
There is no single cause of work-ralated stress. While stress can be triggered by sudden, unexpected pressures, it is often the result of a combination of stressful factors which accumulate over time.Some people can become so used to the symptoms of excessive stress that it goes unnoticed to their detriment(危害).Most work-related stress is related to management of work, relationships at work,organizational set-up and whether you feel you have power and control in your work.
The experience of stress is different for every person. Some people are affected mor than others, so what is stressful for ome person may not be stressful
for another. It can depend on your personality type and on how you have learned to respond to pressure.
It is impossible to escape pressure at work altogether, so it is important to learn how to manage stress. There are a number of ways in which you can reduce the negative impact of stress.
Changes at work
If work-related stress is affecting you, it is important to deal with the problem as soon as possible. One of the most important factors in reducing stress levels is managing time effectively. Prioritize tasks. Completing one task before going on to the next will help you to feel more in control of work.
Make time to relax at work by stretching and breathing deeply. This will help you to keep focused and prevent tired muscles. Simply ensuring you get outside for a walk during your lunch break can be helpful.
It is helpful to identify which situations stress you most. Practice how you could behave differently in tricky situations. Perhaps you need to be more assertive, or you need to learn to “take a step back” in tricky situations. It can seem hard to confront the causes of workplace stress and to ask for help. But sometimes, support and advice from your line manager or human resources department is necessary to help you deal with difficulties at work.
If you find talking about your concerns difficult, it may help to make notes to bring along to the work interview with you.Make these clear and specific. Try to remember that it is in everybody’s interest that the workplace is as stress-free as possible.
寻读(scanning)，是指以问题为线索、带着问题去寻找某一特定信息的阅读。
对于四六级考试的快速阅读来说，寻读就是在读过文章后面的题后，以题干中的某些词为线索，到原文中去寻找出处的过程。由于快速阅读对于内容的理解能力要求并不高，所以寻读技能的高低直接影响着考生作题时间的长短。
所以，以什么词为定位词(或线索词)到原文中去查找是很关键的。
①题目顺序基本与行文顺序一致
解题技巧:一般情况下，快速阅读的题目顺序与原文的行文顺序是保持一致的，也就是说，下一道题的出处一般位于前一道题出处后面。即使是存在反常情况的07年6月四级考试中(第6题的出处在原文最后一段，第10题的出处在原文第一段)，其总体的试题顺序仍然是与文章的行文顺序一致的。把握题目顺序与行文顺序一致的基本规律，将节省我们的寻读时间。
②数字、年代
解题技巧1 数字和年代在文章中通常以阿拉伯叔祖的形式出现，在周围都是英文字母的背景中就显得比较突出。因此，如果考题中含有数字，往往可以用来快速定位题目的出
处。
解题技巧2 数字和年代在文章中通常以阿拉伯数字的形式出现，但题干中可能对数字的形式有一定改动，如在数字的精确性和模糊性上变化。这时需要主义从逻辑关系上正确理解数字之间的包含与被包含关系。
③第一次出现的人名、地名等专有名词
解题技巧 专有名词以大写字母开头，在文章中显得比较突出，容易寻找。但是如果通篇都是讲与这个专有名词有关的事情时，这个专有名词有可能在全文中多次出现，而题目中也多次出现，这时就不建议用它来定位题目出处，而应该使用其他的定位词。
【真题 1】
Early in the 20th century,most of the streets and roads in the U.S. were made of dirt,birck, and cedar wood blocks. Built for horse, carriage, and foot traffic, they were usually poorly cared for and too narrow to accommodate(容纳) automobiles.
With the increase in auto production, private turnpike(收费公路)companies under loacl authorities began to spring up,and by 1921 there were 387,000 miles of paved orads. Many were built using specifications of 19th century Scottish engineers Thomas Telford and John Mac Adam (for whom the macadam surface is named), whose specifications stressed the importance of adequate drainage. Beyond that, there were no national standards for size, weight restrictions, or commercial signs. During World War Ⅰ, roads throughout the country were nearly
destroyed by the weight of trucks. When General Eisenhower returned from Germany in 1919, after serving in the U.S. Army’s first transcontinental motor convoy(车队), he noted: “ The old convoy had started me thinking about good, two-lane highways, but Germany’s Autobahn or motorway had made me see the wisdom of broader ribbons across the land.”…
Q1: National standards for paved roads were in place by 1921
Q2: General Eisenhower felt that the broad German motorways made more sense than the two-lane highways of America
【真题 2】
…The interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956 and has been hailed as one of the greatest public works projects of the century. To build its 44,000-mile web of highways, bridge, and tunnels, hundreds of unique engineering designs and solutions had to be worked out. Consider the many geographic features of the country: mountains, steep grades, wetlands, rivers, desserts, and plains….
Q: It was in the 1950s that American government finally took action to build a national high way system.
【真题示例 1】答案解析
【解析1】根据1921可以快速、准确地定位到文章的第2段的开始。第一句说1921年时已经有38万多公里的公路铺设，许多使用的是两位19世纪苏格兰工程师的技术参数。后面一句提到当时还没有国家标准(here were no national standards).所以题干表述错误，选N
【解析2】根据General Eisenhower或者German定位在文章第2段的后半部分。General Eisenhower先是夸耀了 two-lane highways的好，一个but之后指出德国高速公路的wisdom。说明General Eisenhower更欣赏德国的告诉公路。题干表述正确，选Y
【真题示例 2】答案解析
【解析】根据1950s可以快速准确地定位到本段第一句中。该句说，1956年时洲际告诉公路开始建设。题干中的1950s表示20世纪50年代，包含着1956年。题干说1950s开建是正确的。选Y
[六级词汇] 2011六级考试核心词汇及例句分析（1）
abandon vt放弃, 遗弃 （90-6， 91-6，92-1，93-1，95-1， 95-6，98-6，99-6，02-6，05-1，06-12，07-6）
After driving many of the animals around them to near extinction, people were forced to abandon their old way of life for a radically new survival strategy that resulted in widespread starvation and disease. （02-6）
abnormal adj反常的, 变态的
Various efforts have been made over the centuries to predict earthquakes, including observing lights in the sky and abnormal animal behavior.（06年6月17日真题）
几个世纪以来，人们尽了很大努力预测地震，包括观察天空的光亮以及动物的反常行为。
abrupt adj.突然的, 意想不到的;
That long airplane ride, the abrupt change of climate, was more than she could take. （05,1）
长时间乘坐飞机，以及突变的气候都是她难以承受的。
absence n.缺席 （93-6，00-1，01-1，06-6
Those who recognize problems as a human condition and don’t measure happiness by an absence of problems are the most intelligent kind of humans we know; also, the most rare. （01-1）
absolute adj.绝对的；完全的；（93-6，95-6，96-6，01-6，02-6（原型），03-9，05-1，07-6
absorb vt. 吸收（液体）；（90-1，92-6，96-1，97-6，98-1，99-1，00-1）
The club will absorb new members the first week in September. （02-1）
abstract n. 摘要, 概要, 抽象（90-6，00-6，01-1，03-6）
At the top of the list is the notion that intelligence is measured by your ability to solve complex problems; to read, write and compute at certain levels; and to resolve abstract equations quickly. （01-1）
abundance n. 丰富, 充裕, 丰富充裕（91-6，01-1，05-12，06-12）
in aboundance 充足，丰富 abundant adj.
From science to Shakespeare, excellent television and video programs are available in abundance to teacher.(06年12月)
accelerate v. 加速（99-1，02-6）
Hill slopes are cleared of forests to make way for crops, but this only accelerates the crisis. （02-12）
access n. 通路, 访问, 入门
access to 通往…的道路 have access to 有机会，有权利享用或接近
The people living in these apartments have free access to that swimming pool. （97-1）
accompany v. 陪伴, 伴奏 （01-6，05-12）
accomplishment n. 成就, 完成, 实现, 达到（93-1，98-1，04-6）
accurate adj.正确的, 精确的
Weather forecast is getting more accurate today. 现在，天气预报越来越准确了。
accuse v. 控告, 谴责, 非难（96-1，98-6，02-6，03-9，05-1，05-6，06-6）
The police accused him of setting fire to the building but the denied having been in the area on the night of the fire. （96-1）
accuse sb. of doing sth. 指控某人
accustom v.使习惯于 （98-1，01-6，02-6，03-9，05-1，05-12）
be accustomed to sth. /doing sth. 习惯（做）某事
After only two days in the river, people accustomed to being spoiled and indulged had become a team, working together to cope with the unpredictable twists and turns of the river. （98-1）
achieve v. 完成, 达到（90-6，92-1，93-1，94-1，95-1，97-1，97-6，98-1，98-6，00-1，00-6，01-1，04-6，06-6）
In one study of 400 adults who had achieved distinction in all areas of life, researchers found that three-fifths of these individuals either did badly in school or were unhappy in school.（04-6）
acknowledge v.承认, 答谢, 报偿
Professor Hawking is acknowledged as one of the world’s greatest living physicists.（02年6月）霍金教授被认为是当今世界最伟大的物理学家之一。
acquaintance n. 相识, 熟人
Last year I left a professional position as a small-town reporter and took a job waiting tables. As someone paid to serve food to people, I had customers say and do things to me I suspect they’d never say or do to their most casual acquaintances. (2007.12)
去年，我辞去了小镇记者的工作，开始当餐厅服务员。在这份为人们提供食物的动作中，我遇到的一些顾客对我说了一些话，做了一些事。我认为，这些话和事情他们是绝不会向最不熟的熟人说和做的。
acquisitive adj.想获得的,
actually adj.实际上；真实地（91-1，91-6，95-1，95-6，96-1，96-6，99-6，01-1，02-1，02-6，03-6，03-9，04-6，05-6，06-6）
adapt v. 使适应；使适合（90-1，92-1，98-6，99-1，99-6，05-6，05-12）
adequate adj.足够的（91-1，92-1，97-6，00-6，03-6，05-1，06-6，06-12）
adopt v.收养，采用（90-1，90-6，91-1，92-6，93-6，01-1，02-1，02-6，03-6，05-6，06-6，07-6）
advance v.前进；增进（90-1，90-6，91-6，92-1，97-1，99-1，99-6，03-6，05-12，06-6，07-6）
affective adj 情感的, 表达感情的（05-6）
affluence n.富裕（02-12，07-6）
aggression n.进攻, 侵略（02-6，06-6）
agony n.极大的痛苦
agriculture n.农业, 农艺, 农学（91-6，92-6，98-1，99-1，00-6，02-6）
alert adj.提防的, 警惕的（90-1，94-1，99-6，00-6，01-1，03-6）
The sign set up by the road alerts drivers to a sharp turn. （03-12）
alien adj.（常与to连用）与…相反的；与…不同的（02-6，03-9，04-6）
allegiance n.忠诚（02-6）
alter v.改变（90-1，92-1，97-1，99-6，03-12，06-6）
[六级语法] 2011英语六级考试攻克语法必备练习（1）
1.So many students get failed in the final examination.It is strange that such a thing __1__in your school.It is important that the results of an experiment__2___.
1. [a]happens happened
[c]should happen [d]had happened
2.[a]check and recheck checking and rechecking
[c]be checked and rechecked [d]checked and rechecked
2.The people who knew him very well said that he was too nave sometimes.Had he been older,he___1___less sympathetic.But what he had done proved that he was the person,loving life,also a hero who can help others out of trouble.___2___his timely arrival, the boy would have been drowned.That gained respects for him.
3.[a]might have been would be
[c]might be [d]had been
4.[a]But for Even for
[c]Except for [d]If not
1. 选[c]该题考察表示惊奇、高兴、遗憾、担心等感情色彩的形容词引起的主语从句中的虚拟语气的表达。在 anxious,sorry,concerned,happy,delighted等表示感情色彩的形容词后接的that 从句中，用should来修饰谓语动词。该句中有strange一次，意为“奇怪”，表示对事物的惊讶或不满，it为形式主语，that从句为主语从句，要求从句中用虚拟语气的表达形式should+动词原形表示
2. 选[c]该题考察it’s+adj.+that主语从句的虚拟形式。观察句子结构可以看出这里为It’s+形容词(important)+that从句结构，形容词important做表语，主语从句需要虚拟形式should+动词原形，should可以省略
3. 选[a]该题考察非真实条件的虚拟。在表示过去情况的虚拟条件句中，条件从句用了过去完成时形式，主句可用should(would/could/might)+have+过去分词的形式
4. 选[a]该题考察含蓄条件的虚拟。But for含义为“要不是”，用于此处可以表达假设条件，but for his timely arrival=If it had not been for his timely arrival或If he had not arrived on time.
[六级听力] 名师总结六级历年真题：必会短语（1）
1.Above all:最重要的是，most important of all
Above all, they’ll have to discover how much nitrogen it possesses since nitrogen is4/5 of the air breathe.(2002-1)
2.Account for:解释。说明
How do you account for the truth?
3.After all：终究，毕竟
We won’t be laid off after all.(1998-1)
4.Air /car crash:空难，车祸
5.Allergic to:过敏
I’m allergic to beef and mutton.
6.Appeal to:吸引，呼吁。
Could you tell me which position you think most appeals to you?(2002-6)
7.Apply for/to, application letter 申请，求职信
8.At ease:安逸，自由自在
I don’t know why he is ill at ease?心神不宁
9.Back up:支持，援助。
10.Beat the crowd :避开人群，避开高峰
The only to beat the crowds when you do the grocery shopping on Sunday is to be here when they open at 9 sharp.(1990-6)
[六级阅读] 2011春假特辑：六级阅读每日一练（1）
Passage One
For hundreds of millions of years, turtles (海龟) have struggled out of the sea to lay their eggs on sandy beaches, long before there were nature documentaries to celebrate them, or GPS satellites and marine biologists to track them, or volunteers to hand-carry the hatchlings (幼龟) down to the water’s edge lest they become disoriented by headlights and crawl towards a motel parking lot instead. A formidable wall of bureaucracy has been erected to protect their prime nesting on the Atlantic coastlines. With all that attention paid to them, you’d think these creatures would at least have the gratitude not to go extinct.
But Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness, and a report by the Fish and Wildlife Service showed a worrisome drop in the populations of several species of North Atlantic turtles, notably loggerheads, which can grow to as much as 400 pounds. The South Florida nesting population, the largest, has declined by 50% in the last decade, according to Elizabeth Griffin, a marine biologist with the environmental group Oceana. The figures prompted Oceana to petition the government to upgrade the level of protection for the North Atlantic loggerheads
from “threatened” to “endangered”—meaning they are in danger of disappearing without additional help.
Which raises the obvious question: what else do these turtles want from us, anyway? It turns out, according to Griffin, that while we have done a good job of protecting the turtles for the weeks they spend on land (as egg-laying females, as eggs and as hatchlings), we have neglected the years spend in the ocean. “The threat is from commercial fishing,” says Griffin. Trawlers (which drag large nets through the water and along the ocean floor) and longline fishers (which can deploy thousands of hooks on lines that can stretch for miles) take a heavy toll on turtles.
Of course, like every other environmental issue today, this is playing out against the background of global warming and human interference with natural ecosystems. The narrow strips of beach on which the turtles lay their eggs are being squeezed on one side by development and on the other by the threat of rising sea levels as the oceans warm. Ultimately we must get a handle on those issues as well, or a creature that outlived the dinosaurs (恐龙) will meet its end at the hands of humans, leaving our descendants to wonder how creature so ugly could have won so much affection.
1. We can learn from the first paragraph that ________.
A．human activities have changed the way turtles survive
B．efforts have been made to protect turtles from dying out
C．government bureaucracy has contributed to turtles’ extinction
D．marine biologists are looking for the secret of turtles’ reproduction
2. What does the author mean by “Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness” (Line 1, Para. 2)?
A．Nature is quite fair regarding the survival of turtles.
B．Turtles are by nature indifferent to human activities.
C．The course of nature will not be changed by human interference.
D．The turtle population has decreased in spite of human protection.
3. What constitutes a major threat to the survival of turtles according to Elizabeth Griffin?
A．Their inadequate food supply.
B．Unregulated commercial fishing.
C．Their lower reproductively ability.
D．Contamination of sea water
4. How does global warming affect the survival of turtles?
A．It threatens the sandy beaches on which they lay eggs.
B．The changing climate makes it difficult for their eggs to hatch.
C．The rising sea levels make it harder for their hatchlings to grow.
D．It takes them longer to adapt to the high beach temperature.
5. The last sentence of the passage is meant to ________.
A．persuade human beings to show more affection for turtles
B．stress that even the most ugly species should be protected
C．call for effective measures to ensure sea turtles’ survival
D．warn our descendants about the extinction of species
参考答案
1.B 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.C
名师点评
Passage One
本文是环保类题材的文章，主要谈论由于人类活动（海洋捕捞、近海活动）以及气候变暖等因素，海龟数量急剧下降。
首先根据题干信息，分别将5个题目进行定位。第一、二和五题有着明确的定位信息，而第三、四题的关键词是Elizabeth Griffin和global warming，五道题目分别定位在第一段、第二段首句、第三段、末段和末段结尾句。接下来是理解定位，排除干扰项。52题是推论题，四个选项初看都像是正确答案，但通过理解，发现文章第一段都在谈论人们在保护海龟方面付出的努力，而最后一句中all the attention 是对前面的总结，而正确选项B中efforts替换原文中的attention，dying out替换原文中的go extinct，运用同义替换原则。又如第55题，对于global warming的影响，错误项BCD中均有提到eggs, hatch, grow, beach等相关核心词，但由于细节表述有误，因此需要考生仔细阅读辨析后排除错误答案。
而最后一题对应文章末句“Ultimately we must get a handle on those issues as well, or a creature that outlived the dinosaurs (恐龙) will meet its end at the hands of humans, leaving our descendants to wonder how creature so ugly could have won so much affection.” 考生需要在短时间之内分析这个长句的句子结构，理清句子思路。而该句的关键是or，如果两边成分一致表示“或者”，如果成分不一致，表示“否则”，而这里应该是后者。that outlived the dinosaurs (恐龙)是定语从句修饰a creature, leaving our descendants to wonder是分词作定语，修饰前面整句话，how引导宾语从句。
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