一、八年级英语下册语法填空专项练习（含答案解析）
1．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适合的单词或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Once upon a time, there ________（live） a monkey in the forest. The monkey ________（climb） up a tree and looked down at the river every day.
One day, the monkey saw a fisherman ________（throw） net（网） into the river. Then the fisherman caught fish.
Two hours later, the fisherman ________（leave） to have lunch. The monkey climbed down from the tree. He planned ________（catch） fish like the fisherman did.
The monkey was quite sure of himself because he ________good at imitating（模仿）. However, the net wound（缠住） itself around him as soon as he ________（touch） it. When he tried to get out, he ________（fall） into the river.
The monkey should learn how ________（use） the net before touching it. But it was too late. At last, the monkey ________（die） in the river.
【答案】 lived；climbed；throw；left；to catch；was；touched；fell；to use；died 【解析】【分析】本文讲述了猴子学人用网打鱼，结果丧命的故事。
（1）句意：从前，森林里住着一只猴子。live，住，动词， Once upon a time是一般过去时的标志，故填lived。
（2）句意：这只猴子每天爬上一棵树，低头看着河水。Once upon a time是一般过去时的标志，故填 climbed。
（3）句意：一天，猴子看见一个渔夫把渔网扔进了河里。see sb do sth，固定搭配，看到某人做某事，故填throw。
（4）句意：两个小时后，渔夫离开去吃午饭。leave，离开，动词，讲述过去的事用一般过去时，leave的过去式是left，故填left。
（5）句意：他打算像渔夫那样捕鱼。plan to do，固定搭配，计划做，故填to catch。 （6）句意：猴子很自信，因为他擅长模仿。be good at，固定搭配，擅长，讲述过去是一般过去时，故填was。
（7）句意：然而，他一碰到网，它就缠绕在他的周围。touch，碰，动词，讲述过去的事用一般过去时，故填touched。
（8）句意：当他试图离开时，他掉进了河里。fall，掉，动词，讲述过去的事用一般过去时，fall的过去式是fell，故填fell。
（9）句意：猴子在摸鱼之前应该学会如何使用网。特殊疑问词+不定式是宾语从句的用法，故填to use。
（10）句意：最后，猴子死在了河里。die，死亡，动词，讲述过去的事用一般过去时，故
填died。
【点评】考查语言综合运用能力，注意谓语的时态，非谓语动词的用法。
2．阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个合适的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式（不多于3个单词）
Do you like running? Running is becoming one of the most popular activities these days. Many of us run for our ________ （health ）. Doctors say many of the health problems come from such bad habits ________ eating too much, drinking too much, smoking, staying up late and not having enough exercise. Doctors tell us, “Eat________, don't smoke, have enough sleep and exercise more. “Running is a good exercise because it can help us ________（build） a strong body. It also ________ many people lose weight. One 25-year-old woman teacher runs for half an hour in the morning five times________week. She runs to lose weight. “I feel comfortable and I'm not fat any more,” she says. Running is good________health in other ways, too. Many runners say running also makes people________（strong）. “After school, I like to run for ten minutes. Then I feel ________（relax）and energetic,” says Yang Min, a middle school student. So today men and women of all ages enjoy ________（run）. Do you want to keep fit? Come on! Let's join in the running.
3．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Man has been interested in the outer space for thousands of years. It has been almost over forty years ________ man's first landing（登陆） on the moon. Now, some people believe that space exploration（探索） is a waste of time and money. It is true that it ________ （cost） billions of dollars to develop the space research, but people just get ________ little information. However, every coin has two sides. There ________（be） still a lot of other people who believe that space exploration has more ________（advantage）. And I agree with them. Many new products, such ________ weather and communication satellites（交通卫星）, are also products of space programs, and they are good ________ people all over the world. And what's more, people ________（know） about some scientific knowledge of the outer space already. We believe that it will bring much________（many） advantages in the future, which we can not even imagine now. That's why several countries are trying hard ________（carry） out space exploration all the time. Let's wait and see.
4．【答案】youngest；more outgoing；to make；most hard-working；most carefully；to be；to join；to tall；to work；most famous
【解析】【分析】本文介绍布莱克夫人的小女儿速的性格特点、人生理想以及为了实现理想而付诸的实践活动。
⑴句意：布莱克夫人有三个女儿，苏是三个当中最小的。在三者以上中比较，用最高级，故答案为youngest。
⑵句意：她比她的两个姐姐都更外向。由than可知用比较级，outgoing是多音节形容词，所以前加more，故答案为more outgoing。
⑶句意：她总是讲一些好笑的笑话让人们大笑。此处作目的状语，所以用不定式，故答案为to make。
⑷句意：在学校，她的老师认为苏是最努力的学生，她做事情最认真。根据句意可知用最高级，hardworking是多音节形容词，所以最高级前加most，故答案为most hard-working。
⑸句意：她做事情最认真。与前文构成并列，用最高级，carefully是多音节副词，最高级前加most，故答案为most carefully。
⑹句意：苏有一个梦想，她相当记者。want to do想做某事，故答案为to be。
⑺句意：首先她决定参加写作俱乐部来练习写作。固定搭配：decide to do sth决定做某事，故答案为to join。
⑻句意：其次，她尽量和笔友用不同的语言交谈。固定搭配：try to do sth尽量做某事，故答案为to tall。
⑼句意：为了能遇到更多的人跟他们说话，苏打算在一些公共场所工作。固定搭配：plan to do sth计划做某事。故答案为to work。
⑽句意：我相信她会成为世界上最著名的记者之一的。由one of和in the world可知此处用最高级，famous是双音节单词，最高级在其前加most，故答案为most famous。 【点评】考查在语境中根据语法规则对单词进行正确使用。需要考虑词性变化，固定搭配，动词的各种形式等语法知识。答题时注意上下文所提供的信息。平时要夯实自身的基本功，注意掌握形容词副词的最高级的用法和使用不定式的固定搭配。
5．【答案】planning；journey；than；most；Parking；third；cheapest；crowded；takes；hours
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者计划从伦敦前往阿姆斯特丹去旅游。有四种旅行方式。并介绍了这四种旅行方式特点。
（1）考查现在分词。句意：我计划从伦敦前往阿姆斯特丹去旅游。plan\"计划\"，根据汉语提示和be动词am可知填plan的现在分词planning。
（2）考查名词。 句意：乘火车旅行比坐长途公车更放松。根据上文提到从伦敦前往阿姆斯特丹旅行，是长途旅行，结合汉语提示可知填journey。
（3}考查副词。句意：乘火车旅行比坐长途公车更放松。根据前面的形容词的比较级more relaxing可知填than。
（4）考查最高级。句意：这是最舒适的旅行方式。comfortable是多音节形容词，最高级是the most comfortable;根据句意和冠词the可知填most。
（5）考查动名词。句意：在阿姆斯特丹停车非常昂贵。动词名词作主语，结合汉语提示可知填parking。
（6）考查数词。 句意：第三个选择是坐长途公车。根据语境及冠词the可知用序数词；结合括号提示词three，可知填third。
（7）考查形容词最高级。句意：这通常是最便宜的。根据句意及冠词the可知用最高级；结合括号里提示词cheap，可知填cheapest。
（8）考查形容词。句意：但是在夏天，长途公车有时会拥挤。结合汉语提示可知填
crowded。
（9）考查时态。句意：到达那里花费你大约12小时。It takes sb. st./sm. to do sth.固定句型，”花费某人的时间或金钱做某事“。结合语境和汉语提示可知填takes。
（10）考查名词。句意：这是最快的，但是因为天气不好，在机场你可能需要等待几个小时。故填hours。
【点评】本题考点涉及动名词，名词。现在分词，副词，数词，形容词以及时态等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，根据所给单词和汉语提示，结合相应语法知识，写出正确的单词形式。
6．【答案】 helped；house；up；useful；sitting；had；my；shouting；loudly；got/ became/ was
【解析】【分析】文章大意：这是一则寓言故事，主人家的一头驴很羡慕小狗因为它始终得不到主人的宠爱，驴认为，如果它按照狗的做法去做，主人也会把它当作宠物。事实上，它的做法令主人很害怕，大喊救命。被人用棍子赶出家门。这个故事告诉我们：做任何事情都要各司其职，不要做与自己无关的事情。
（1）考查一般过去时。句意：驴和狗都在许多方面帮助主人。根据本文是一则故事，要用一般过去时。动词help过去式helped。故答案为：helped 。
（2）考查名词。句意：一天晚上，两个小偷闯进了农夫的房子。根据下文One night, the thieves again entered the farmer's house. 可知上文也是进入农夫的房子里。故答案为：house。
（3）考查固定短语。句意：农夫站起来，邻居们也站起来。根据下文 So they caught the two thieves. 可知他们都起来，才能抓住那两个贼。get up起床，固定短语。故答案为：up。
（4）考查形容词。句意：从那天起，驴子决定向主人表明，他也可以像狗一样有用。空格前有连系动词be，要用形容词作表语。use使用，动词或名词用处。形容词useful。答案为：useful。
（5）考查固定搭配。句意：当小偷往里看时，他们看见狗正坐在正门外面。see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事；see sb. do sth.看见某人做了某事。根据上文 As the thieves looked in, 可知look与see动作是同时发生的，要用现在分词seeing做宾补。故答案为：sitting。
（6）考查固定搭配。句意：我们最好马上走。had better do sth.最好做某事。固定搭配。故答案为：had。
（7）考查代词。句意：这是让我向我的主人展示我是有用的一个机会。根据 \"It is a good chance for me to show 7 master that I can be useful. The thieves have run away. If I start 8（shout）, the master will thank me.\" 可知是驴自我思考的过程，是以第一人称叙述的。空格后有名词master，要用形容词性物主代词my。故答案为：my。
（8）考查固定搭配。句意：如果我开始叫喊，主人会感谢我的。start doing sth.开始做某事。固定搭配。故答案为：shouting。
（9）考查副词。句意：于是驴子开始大声撕叫。修饰动词bray，要用副词。loud的副词
loudly。故答案为：loudly。
（10）考查一般过去时。句意：农夫听到驴子的撕叫声，十分生气。angry生气，形容词，要用连系动词get/become/be，且要用一般过去时，主语是he，be要用was；get的过去式got；become的过去式became。故答案为： got/ became/ was 。
【点评】考查语法填空。主要涉及的名词、一般过去时、固定搭配、代词、副词和形容词。
7．【答案】 of；stayed；a；got；finished；So；with；reading；went；enjoys 【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章介绍了埃文斯女士在中国的工作和生活情况。 （1）句意：埃文斯女士来自芝加哥市。the city of…固定搭配，……市，故答案是of。 （2）句意：她在中国待了一年，本句为现在完成时，因此谓语动词使用过去分词stayed，故答案是stayed。
（3）句意：她一周工作五天。一周五天，five adys a week，固定搭配，故答案是a。 （4）句意：每天，她早早起床。本文描述的是埃文斯在中国工作时的情况，因此使用一般过去时，get的过去式是got，故答案是got。
（5）句意：大约五点，她完成工作。结合前文可知，本句依然是一般过去时，finish的过去式是finished，故答案是finished。
（6）句意：于是，晚饭后她帮助他做作业。根据 Her son was new in Beijing. 可知，他儿子需要帮助，因此她就帮着做作业了，故答案是So。
（7）句意：于是，晚饭后她帮助他做作业。help sb with sth.帮着做某事， 故答案是with。
（8）句意：之后，她喜欢读书上网。like doing sth. 喜欢做某事，固定短语，故答案是reading。
（9）句意：她睡觉晚。go to bed睡觉，结合语境可知句子应为一般过去时，go的过去式是went，故答案是went。
（10）句意：但是她说他喜欢在这里工作，因为中国人很友好。本句说的的是现在的情况，应使用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词使用单三形式，故答案是enjoys。
【点评】考查词汇在语篇中的运用能力，答题时首先要跳过空格掌握其大意，然后根据文章，字斟句酌逐一作答，主意考虑句型，语法，搭配、语境等因素，最后通读一遍检查验证。
8．【答案】 or；about；lonely；to walk；friends；make；and；well；because；loudly 【解析】【分析】短文大意：这篇短文讲的是每个人都有幸福。当你遇到不幸福时，总有人会帮你找到幸福。
（1）句意：穷人或富人，每个人能有幸福。可知此处指的是无论男人还是女人，可知此处是or，表示选择，故答案为：or。
（2）句意：你不必去想太多关于那些有钱人的事。about，关于，think...about...，思考关于……故答案为：about。
（3）句意：他们可能感到孤独因为他们的房子太大了。根据 because their houses arc too big 由于房子大，没人陪所以感到孤独，lonely孤独的，形容词作表语，故答案为：lonely。
（4）句意：并且他们可能想在农村的路上行走因为他们每天在忙碌的城市开车上班。want to do sth.想要做某事，故答案为：to walk。
（5）句意：当你不快乐时你的朋友会帮助你。你的朋友不止一个，可知此处friend用复数，故答案为：friends。
（6）句意：这肯定会使你快乐。助动词will后跟动词原形，故答案为：make。 （7）当你努力学习，你将得到好成绩并且当然你会为此感到高兴。这两句之间的关系是顺承关系，关系词用and，故答案为：and。
（8）句意：如果你感到不舒服，你的父母会照顾你，你也将感到高兴。根据 your parents will take good care of you 可知此处指身体健康，身体健康用well，故答案为：well。 （9）句意：当你贫穷时，你也可以说你感到幸福因为你可能看到其它一些钱买不到的东西。这两句之间是因果关系，连词用because，故答案为：because。
（10）当你有问题时，大声说你很幸福因为你有更多的机会挑战自己。副词修饰动词，loud大声的，形容词，loudly大声地，副词，故答案为：loudly。
【点评】此题考查语法填空。我们先跳过空格阅读短文，理解短文大意，然后仔细阅读每个句子，根据上下文的联系和句子的意思，确定句子中所缺的词，用所给单词的适当形式填空或填上适当的词使文章结构完整。然后进行核查，确定正确答案。
二、八年级英语下册阅读理解专项练习（含答案解析）
9．阅读理解D Dear Mum,
You think you know a lot of things about me, but you don't. You try to tell me how to dress, but you don't realize that it should be my decision.
I don't think that you have any respect （尊重） for me, because you come into my room, touch anything you want, and don't even put things back in their place. Could you please change a little? Sincerely,
Your son John Dear Mum,
My life is different from yours because we grew up in different times. I have to go out into the world and experience it myself! But don't worry about me, because I come from a happy family. I'm still your little girl, but I'll be an adult some day. I want to be the best and strongest me. You taught me about it. Thanks Mum! Sincerely, Your daughter Helen Dear Mum and Dad,
I'm writing you this letter because I need to tell you both something. I want to continue my education at a college in our city. I want to go to school part-time and work part-time.
Now I'm 17 years old. I need to make decisions on my own. I need a goal and a plan for my future. You've taught me to be strong and do what I believe in. I want to say thanks for everything you did for me. Love, Your son Mike
（1）Why doesn't John think his mother respects him?
A. Because she never says “please” to John. B. Because she always asks John to do what she likes.
C. Because she never asks John's opinions about anything. D. Because she always touches John's things without putting them back.
（2）What may be the problem between Helen and her mother? A. Her mother is too strict with her B. She can't understand her mother. C. Her mother worries too much about her. D. She is too young to look after her mother. （3）Helen wants to say ________ to her mother.
A. sorry B. thanks C. goodbye D. welcome （4）Mike writes to his parents to ________.
A. share with them his life in school B. tell them how much he loves them C. tell them his ideas about his future D. tell them about his favourite college （5）Which of the following is TRUE according to the last letter?
A. Mike will go to college when he is 17 years old. B. Mike wants to go to a college far from his home.
C. Mike is thankful for everything his parents did for him. D. Mike hopes to go to school full-time and work part-time 【答案】（1）D （2）C （3）B （4）C （5）C
【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章写了John，Helen和Mike写给父母的信。
（1）细节理解题。根据文章原句 I don't think that you have any respect （尊重） for me,
because you come into my room, touch anything you want, and don't even put things back in their place.可知John认为母亲不尊重她因为她来他的房间，摸他的动词，甚至不放回原处，故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据文章原句But don't worry about me, because I come from a happy family. 可知Helen认为她的母亲对她担心太多，故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据文章原句You taught me about it. Thanks Mum! 可知Helen要向母亲表示感谢，故选B。
（4）细节理解题。根据文章原句Now I'm 17 years old. I need to make decisions on my own. I need a goal and a plan for my future. 可知Mike想要告诉母亲他的未来的计划，故选C。 （5）细节理解题。根据文章原句I want to say thanks for everything you did for me. 我想要对你为我做的一切表达感谢，故选C。
【点评】考查阅读理解能力。在通读全文的基础上，掌握大意，根据问题在文章中找到具体的依据，锁定答案。
10．阅读理解
Every morning my father buys a newspaper on his way to work. Every evening my mother looks through magazines at home. And every night, I look at the posters with photos of David Beckham and Yao Ming on my bedroom wall before I go to sleep. Can we imagine life without paper or print?
Paper was first created about 2,000 years ago, and has been made from silk, cotton, bamboo, and, since the 19th century, from wood. People learned to write words on paper to make a book. But in those days, books could only be produced one at a time by hand. As a result, they were expensive and rare. And because there weren't many books, few people learned to read. Then printing was invented in China. When printing was developed greatly at the beginning of the 11th century, books could be produced more quickly and cheaply. As a result, more people learned to read. After that, knowledge and ideas spread quickly.
Today information can be received online, downloaded from the Internet rather than found in books, and information can be kept on CD-ROMs or machines such as MP3 players.
Computers are already used in classrooms, and newspapers and magazines can already be read online. So will books be replaced by computers one day? No, I don't think the Yao Ming posters on my bedroom wall will ever be replaced by a two-metre-high computer! （1）What does the writer do before he goes to sleep? A. He reads books. B. He reads newspapers.
C. He looks through magazines. D. He looks at the posters on the wall. （2）When was paper first created?
A. About 2,000 years ago. B. In the 19th century. C. About 1,000 years ago. D. In the 11th century.
（3）Why were books expensive and rare before the invention of printing? A. People could not read.
B. People could not write words on paper. C. People could not find silk, cotton or bamboo.
D. People could only produce books one at a time by hand. （4）What happened after books became cheaper?
A. People didn't want to buy books. B. Printing was invented in China.
C. Knowledge and ideas spread quickly. D. The Internet was introduced to people soon. 【答案】 （1）D （2）A （3）D （4）C
【解析】【分析】讲述了纸的起源，一开始的现状，讲述了纸和印刷术的发展过程。 （1）细节题。根据第一段提到的 I look at the posters with photos of David Beckham and Yao Ming on my bedroom wall before I go to sleep. 可知，作者睡觉前需要看墙上的海报，故选D。
（2）细节题。根据第二段提到的 Paper was first created about 2,000 years ago ，可知纸在2000年前发明，故选A。
（3）细节题。根据第二段提到的 But in those days, books could only be produced one at a time by hand. 可知，一开始书必须手把手生产，因而书籍很贵，故选D。
（4）细节题。根据第三段提到的 After that, knowledge and ideas spread quickly. 可知书变便宜了后，知识和思想很快的被传播，故选C。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
11．阅读理解
Once upon a time, two young men were spending some time in the country. One day, while taking a walk together, they crossed a large field.
\"Look out!\" one of the young men shouted, because a bull（公牛）suddenly appeared（出现）and began to chase（追赶）them. They were very frightened. They ran as fast as they could, but the bull kept chasing them.
Finally, one of the men climbed up a tree. The other one jumped into a hole, but soon he came out of it. Immediately the bull chased him back into the hole.
\"Stay there!\" his friend shouted, but soon the man came out again, and again the bull chased him right back. This went on five or six more times.
At last, the man in the tree got angry and shouted to his friend in the hole, \"You fool! Stay in that hole for a while; otherwise, this bull will keep us here all day! \" \"I want to, \"the man shouted back, \"but there's a bear in it!\" （1）The story took place in the .
A. hole B. village C. town D. large field （2）One of the men climbed up a tree, and the other .
A. got into a hole B. ran away C. kept running D. went back home （3）The man in the tree got angry because his friend .
A. met a bear in the hole B. was a fool C. stayed in the hole D. didn't stay in the hole 【答案】 （1）D （2）A （3）D
【解析】【分析】短文大意： 这篇短文讲述的是：从前两个年轻人一起度假。一天散步的时候，一头公牛突然出现了开始追赶他们。其中一个人爬上了树，另一个跑进了树洞。但很快这人又出来了，公牛又把他赶回了洞里。这种情况又持续了五六次，树上的人生气了对他喊：“我告诉了你在洞里呆一会。 ” 当他又一次跳回到洞里的时候说：“一只熊在洞里啊！”
（1）细节理解题。根据 One day, while taking a walk together, they crossed a large field. 可知故事发生在一块儿地里。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据 Finally, one of the men climbed up a tree. The other one jumped into a hole.最后其中一个人爬上树，另外一个跳进一个洞里。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。 At last, the man in the tree got angry and shouted to his friend in the hole, \"You fool! Stay in that hole for a while; otherwise, this bull will keep us here all day! \" 最后，树上这个人很生气，对洞里的朋友喊道“你个傻子！在那个洞里呆一会；否则，这头公牛会让我们整天呆在这里的。”可知另外这个人没有在洞里。故选D。
【点评】此题考查阅读理解。事实细节题，细节类型的阅读理解题一般只针对某个特定的细节，在原文中可以直接找到答案。
12．阅读理解
Dragon Dance（舞龙） is a kind of traditional dance in Chinese culture. It has been spread all over China and to the whole world.
Traditionally, dragons were made of wood and cloth. However, in the modern times, dragons are much lighter because they are made of lighter materials like plastic. The length（长度） of dragons can be from around 25 to 35 metres for acrobatic（杂技） models, and up to 50 to 70 metres for the largest parade（游行） styles because people believe that the longer the dragon is, the more luck it will bring. A small organization cannot run a very long dragon because it requires great human power, much money and special skills.
The Dragon Dance itself began during the Han Dynasty. And it was started by the Chinese who had shown great respect towards the dragon. It was already a popular event during the Song Dynasty. At that time, it became a popular activity like the Lion Dance. People could often see it during some important festivals. In the Qing Dynasty, the Dragon Dance Team of Fuzhou was invited to put on a show in Beijing. And the emperor（黄帝） spoke highly of it. The emperors of ancient China thought of themselves as the dragons. （1）What were dragons traditionally made of?
A. Gold. B. Paper. C. Wood and cloth. D. Plastic. （2）How long is a dragon for the largest parade style?
A. About 25 metres. B. About 35 metres. C. About 30 metres. D. About 70 metres. （3）What does the underlined word \"it\" refer to?
A. A very long dragon. B. A small organization. C. A parade. D. An acrobatic model. （4）When did the Dragon Dance become popular?
A. During the Han Dynasty. B. During the Song Dynasty. C. During the Tang Dynasty. D. During the Qing Dynasty. 【答案】 （1）C （2）D （3）A （4）B
【解析】【分析】主要讲了中国的传统文化——舞龙。
（1）细节题。根据Traditionally, dragons were made of wood and cloth.可知龙是由木头和布制成的，故选C。
（2）细节题。根据and up to 50 to 70 metres for the largest parade（游行） styles可知最大的游行风格是50到70米，故选D。
（3）细节题。根据A small organization cannot run a very long dragon可知一个小组织不能舞非常长的龙，因为长龙需要极大的人力，所以it代指长龙，故选A。
（4）细节题。根据It was already a popular event during the Song Dynasty.可知宋朝期间舞龙已经受欢迎，故选B。
【点评】考查阅读理解，主要考查细节题，注意从文中仔细寻找答案。
13．阅读理解
First Frenchman： I once heard someone shout, \"Look out.\" I put my head out of a window and a bucket （桶） of water fell on me. It seems that \"Look out\" may mean \"Don't look out\". Second Frenchman： I was once on a ship and heard the captain shout, \"All hands on deck（甲板）.\" I put my hands on the deck and someone walked on them.
Third Frenchman： I once went early in the morning to the doctor's and his nurse came to the door and said, \"He's not up yet. Come back in half an hour.\" When I went a second time for him, She said, \"He's not down yet.\" I had to go away again. Later I thought the doctor should be in the house in the evening, so I went there once more. \"Oh, how sorry I am! He's not in! I'd better tell him to wait for you if you could come tomorrow,\" said the nurse. \"Well! He's not up, he is not down, and he is not in. Please tell me where he stays!\" I said angrily.
（1）The first Frenchman heard someone shout \"Look out.\". Here \"Look out\" means“ ”. A. Put your head out B. Take care C. Hurry up D. Help me （2）When the captain shouted, \"All hands on deck.\ A. putting your both hands on deck B. putting up your hands
C. giving your hands to me D. that \"All the sailors（船员） on deck\" （3）When the nurse said, \"He's not up yet.\ A. he had not stood up yet B. he had not yet got up C. he had not woken up yet D. he had not yet come downstairs （4）When the third Frenchman went back for the second time, the doctor . A. was still in an upstair room B. was reading
C. was having his breakfast D. was washing himself 【答案】 （1）B （2）D （3）B （4）A
【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章讲述了三个法国人因为对英语理解不到位所发生的故事。
（1）句义猜测题。文中lookout是当心的意思，A.当心；B.快点；C.帮帮我，故选B。 （2）句义猜测题。文中 All hands on deck. 是所有的船员都到甲板上的意，故选D。 （3）句义猜测题。文中 He's not up yet . 是他还没有起床的意思，故选B。
（4）句义猜测题。文中 He's not down yet. 是他还没下楼的意思。也就是还在楼上，故选A。
【点评】考查阅读理解，本文主要涉及到了句意猜测题。这样的题需要根据前后句的逻辑关系去推敲其意思。
14．阅读理解
To most of us, home is the safest and warmest place in the world. But eighth graders at Shenzhen Sunshine Middle School are trying to figure out ways to escape their homes as quickly as possible in case of an emergency.
Teachers asked students to draw emergency evacuation（紧急撤离）maps of their homes to learn about how to escape in the event of a fire.
The project meant a lot to Shen Wei. When he was younger, the 10-year-old once played with fire and almost burned his family's house down. Since then, the possibility of another fire has always been on his mind. By drawing the map, he said he was able to surmount his fear. Now, he is feeling relaxed.
On his map, Shen marked possible sources of fire at home, including the fridge, computer and bookshelves He said these areas should be avoided in the event of a fire.
While most students only mapped out one evacuation route, Yan Jun, 13, made three Yan and his parents live on the third floor of their building. At first, he thought his family could only escape by going down the stairs. But later, he got the idea from the way his family laundry. Usually, Yan's family hang clothes on their balcony. Sometimes their clothes fall to the second floor because of the wind. Instead of walking down the stairs, Yan's father sometimes climbs down outdoor air-conditioner units to get the clothes.
Does this sound like a good evacuation route? Yan also suggested using a rope to climb out the window. With so many ways to evacuate, I won't be scared, even if there is a real fire, \"said Yan. （1）What does the underlined word surmount mean?
A. reuse B. keep C. produce D. control
（2）According to Shen, which of the following may not cause a fire?
A. Fridge B. Water tank C. Comp D. Bookshelves （3）How did Yan get inspiration（灵感）for his second evacuation route? A. From his homework. B. From the internet. C. From his family's laundry. D. From his father's job.
（4）Which of the following is a suitable title for this passage? A. Escaping your home during a fire. B. Safety rules during a fire. C. Emergency situations in public. D. Don't be afraid of fire. 【答案】 （1）D （2）B （3）C （4）A
【解析】【分析】大意：本文讲述深圳阳光中学8年级的老师要求学生画火灾紧急逃离的地图以便学习如何逃离火灾。
（1）词义猜测题。根据 the possibility of another fire has always been on his mind. By drawing the map, he said he was able to surmount his fear.可知，另一场火灾总是在他的脑海中，通过画地图，他说他能够克服自己的害怕心理，推出surmount的意思为控制，故选D。 （2）细节题。根据 Shen marked possible sources of fire at home, including the fridge, computer and bookshelves可知，水缸可能不会引起火灾，故选B。
（3）细节题。根据But later, he got the idea from the way his family laundry.可知，他从他家的洗衣房得到灵感，故选C。
（4）主旨题。本文主要讲述火灾期间如何逃离火灾，故选A。
【点评】考查阅读理解能力，细节题、词义猜测题和主旨题是阅读理解题中常考题型。细节题要从文中寻找答案；词句猜测题需要联系上下文，推出词句的意思；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
15．阅读下面的材料，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
In every country, there are thousands of people who want to help out. Many join organizations run （管理） by their governments, for example, the Peace Corps in the United States and Voluntary Service Overseas in Britain. Since the powerful （猛烈的） earthquake took place in Sichuan, more than 200 thousand volunteers across China have been helping there! They do all kinds of work or come up with ways to help improve life. Some offer their professional skills for free. Others have no qualifications （资历）, but they love to work hard to help.
One of the most famous volunteers in the world was Mother Teresa. She could be the best volunteer because she gave her life to helping the poorest people of Calcutta. She helped the homeless, cared for the sick, gave out food, and became the mother of those without families.
Now more and more teenagers actively look for volunteering opportunities, too. They volunteer because they think it will be fun or they will learn something. They also like the idea of being helpful to others, even if it is just handing out books for the teacher. As they get older, these reasons are still the same, but there are other important reasons for volunteering such as learning on-the-job, getting work experience, and improving their social life.
All volunteers bring joy to the people they help in so many ways. They might read books to the blind, fix up broken homes, find ways to get water for villages, Could you be a volunteer? What kind of volunteer work could you do? There is someone in the world who needs you. （1）The Peace Corps is ________ in the United States.
A. a city B. an organization C. a volunteer D. a school （2）The underlined word \"those\" in the passage means \"________\".
A. the homeless B. the sick C. the poor D. the kids （3）What is NOT the reason for teenagers to be volunteers according to the passage? A. They want to make more friends. B. They want to be helpful. C. It helps them get work experience. D. It can improve their social life.
（4）What is the main idea of this passage? A. The world needs volunteers. B. Mother Teresa was a great volunteer. C. Volunteers do all kinds of work. D. There are different ways of volunteering. 【答案】 （1）B （2）D （3）A （4）A
【解析】【分析】本文介绍了在每个国家，有成千上万的人需要帮助，世界需要志愿者。现在越来越多的青少年积极寻找志愿服务机会。他们做志愿者，因为他们认为这会很有趣，或者他们会学到一些东西。
（1）推理题。根据第一段前两句In every country, there are thousands of people who want to help out. Many join organizations run （管理） by their governments, for example, the Peace Corps in the United States and Voluntary Service Overseas in Britain.可推知，the Peace Corps是美国的一个组织机构。故选B。
（2）词义猜测题。根据本句the mother of those without families.她帮助无家可归的人，照顾病人，分发食物，成为那些没有家人孩子的母亲，可知those指代“无家可归的孩子”。故选D。
（3）细节题。根据第三段最后一句but there are other important reasons for volunteering such as learning on-the-job, getting work experience, and improving their social life.可知，文中未提到“想交更多的朋友”这一原因，故选A。
（4）主旨题。根据文章大意可知，本文主要讲述了世界上有很多人需要帮助，现在越来
越多青年参与志愿活动，所以“The world needs volunteers.世界需要志愿者”最符合文意。故选A。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，词义猜测题和主旨题四种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，词义猜测题需要根据上下文提炼相关信息锁定词意，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
16．阅读理解
Sixteen years ago a boy gave me an important gift. It was a smile.
It was the early autumn of my first year at a middle school, and my old school was far away. As a result, no one knew who I was. I was very lonely, and afraid to speak to anyone.
Every time I heard the other students talking and laughing, I felt my heart break. I couldn't talk with anyone about my problems.
Then one day, when my classmates were talking happily with their friends, I was sitting at my desk unhappily as usual. At that moment, a boy entered the classroom. I didn't know who he was. He passed by me and then turned back. He looked at me, with a smile.
Suddenly, I felt the touch of something bright and friendly. It made me feel happy and warm. That smile changed my life. I started to talk with other students and made friends. Day by day, I became closer to everyone in my class. The boy with the lucky smile has become my best friend now.
One day I asked him why he had smiled, but he couldn't remember doing so!
It doesn't matter because all the dark days have gone. I believe that the world is what you think it is. If you think it is lonely, you might always be alone. So smile at the world and it will smile back.
（1）When did the writer get the gift?
A. At the age of 16. B. After making friends with the boy.
C. In the first year at a middle school. D. After becoming closer to everyone in the class. （2）Why was the smile an important gift? A. Because the writer's old school was far away. B. Because the writer didn't know who the boy was. C. Because the smile didn't mean anything to the boy.
D. Because the writer felt lonely and had no friends and it made her feel happy and warm. （3）Why didn't the writer talk to anyone in her new school about her problems? A. Because she was always unhappy. B. Because she didn't know anyone at the time.
C. Because she was in the first year at the junior high school. D. Because she didn't want her parents to worry about her. （4）How did the smile change her life?
A. She started to make friends. B. She became the best friend of the boy. C. Her parents didn't worry about her any more. D. She realized that she was lonely. 【答案】 （1）C
（2）D （3）B （4）A
【解析】【分析】本文讲述了十六年前，一个男孩给了我一个重要的礼物。这是一个微笑。接下来作者介绍了在新学校感觉到很孤独的时光，但是，同学的一个微笑，改变了她对人生的看法。最后总结：如果你觉得孤独，你可能总是独自一人。因此，对这个世界微笑，它也会向你微笑 。
（1）细节题。根据 It was the early autumn of my first year at a middle school 可知是在一所中学的第一年，故选C。
（2）推理题。根据 I was very lonely, and afraid to speak to anyone 没有人知道我是谁。我很孤单，害怕与任何人交朋友和 It made me feel happy and warm 这让我感到快乐温暖。 可知因为作者感到孤独，没有朋友，这使她感到幸福和温暖，故选D。
（3）推理题。根据 It was the early autumn of my first year at a middle school和 Every time I heard the other students talking and laughing, I felt my heart break. I couldn't talk with anyone about my problems 可知她是新来到学校的，因为她当时不认识任何人，故选B。
（4）推理题。根据 That smile changed my life. I started to talk with other students and made friends. Day by day, I became closer to everyone in my class. The boy with the lucky smile has become my best friend now那个微笑改变了我的生活。我开始与其他学生交谈并结识了朋友。一天又一天，我和班里的每个人都更亲近了。那个带着幸运微笑的男孩现在成了我最好的朋友，可知她开始交朋友了，故选A。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。
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