英语(二)自考题-18

(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)

一、Ⅰ阅读判断 (总题数：1，分数：20.00)

They Say Ireland\"s the Best

Ireland is the best place in the world to live for 2005, according to a life quality ranking that appeared in Britain\"s Economist magazine last week.

The ambitious attempt to compare happiness levels around the World is based on the principle that wealth is not the only measure of human satisfaction and well-being.

The index of 111 countries uses data on incomes, health, unemployment, climate, political stability, job security, gender equality as well as what the magazine calls \"freedom, family and community life\".

Despite the bad weather, troubled health service, traffic congestion, gender inequality, and the high cost of living, Ireland scored an impressive 8.33 points out of 10.

That put it well ahead of second-place Switzerland, which managed 8. 07. Zimbabwe, troubled by political insecurity and hunger, is rated the gloomiest, picking up only 3. points. \"Although rising incomes and increased individual choices are highly valued, \"the report said, \"some of the factors associated with modernization such as the breakdown in traditional institutions and family values in part take away from a positive impact.\"

\"Ireland wins because it successfully combines the most desirable elements of the new with the preservation of certain warm elements of the old, such as stable family and community life.\" The magazine admitted measuring quality of life is not a straightforward thing to do, and that its findings would have their critics.

No. 2 on the list is Switzerland. The other nations in the top 10 are Norway, Luxembourg. Sweden, Australia, Iceland, Italy, Denmark and Spain.

The U. K. is positioned at No. 29, a much lower position chiefly because of the social and family breakdown recorded in official statistics. The U. S., which has the second highest per capita GDP after Luxembourg, took the 13th place in the survey. China was in the lower half of the league at 60th.（分数：20.00）

(1).For 2005 years, Ireland has been the best place for humans to live in.______（分数：2.00） A.Right B.Wrong √ C.Not mentioned

解析：[解析] 本题在第一段的第一句话中可以找到答案，Ireland is the best place in the world to live for 2005，这句话的意思是说到2005年的时候，爱尔兰是世界上最适合生活的地方，而这道题的题干意思是2005年以来，爱尔兰一直是最适合人类生活的地方，显然和文中的意思不同。 (2).When we have more money, we will be happier.______（分数：2.00） A.Right B.Wrong √ C.Not mentioned

解析：[解析] 文章第二段提到比较世界各地幸福指数的一个首要原则是：财富不是唯一衡量人们是否满足和过得好的标准。可见并不是说拥有的钱越多，得到的快乐就越多，所以题干的说法是错误的。 (3).Job security is the least important measure of life quality.______（分数：2.00） A.Right B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned √

解析：[解析] 文章的第三段提到了job security，但是并没有提到它是保证生活质量的最次要因素。

(4).Cost of living in Ireland is pretty high.______（分数：2.00） A.Right √ B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

解析：[解析] 本题的答案在文章的第四段可以找到，Despite the bad weather, troubled health service, traffic congestion(拥挤), gender inequality, and the high cost of living, Ireland scored an impressive 8.33 points out of 10。

(5).Family life in Zimbabwe is not stable.______（分数：2.00） A.Right B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned √

解析：[解析] 本题的关键词是Zimbabwe，所以首先我们要在文中找到Zimbabwe出现的段落，答案在第五段中，Zimbabwe troubled by political insecurity and hunger, is rated the gloomiest(最差的)，picking up only 3. points. 在这句话中，作者只提到了政治不安全以及饥饿对该国家的影响，并没有提到family life是否稳定。

(6).Switzerland scored more than Zimbabwe.______（分数：2.00） A.Right √ B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

解析：[解析] 第五段提到Switzerland排在第二位，得到8.07分。Zimbabwe因为政治危险和饥饿，排在最后。因此可以推测Switzerland的得分肯定高于Zimbabwe。

(7).Ireland is positioned at No. 1 because it combines the most desirable elements of the new with some good elements of the old.______（分数：2.00） A.Right √ B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

解析：[解析] 文章的倒数第四段Ireland wins because it successfully combines the most desirable elements of the new with the preservation of certain warm elements of the old, such as stable family and community life. 已经给出了明确的答案。 (8).To measure life quality is easy.______（分数：2.00） A.Right B.Wrong √ C.Not mentioned

解析：[解析] 文中倒数三段提到，The magazine admitted measuring quality of life is not a straightforward thing to do，衡量生活质量不是一件简单的事情，not straightforward=not easy。 (9).The United States of America is among the top 10 countries.______（分数：2.00） A.Right B.Wrong √ C.Not mentioned

解析：[解析] 在文章的最后一段提到了美国的排名，The U. S., which has the second highest per capita GDP(人均国内生产总值) after Luxembourg, took the 13th place in the survey，这句话指出美国的GDP排名第二，但是生活质量排名为第13位，所以美国不在前十名之列。

(10).Comparing with U. K. and U. S., China\"s position is the lowest.______（分数：2.00） A.Right √ B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

解析：[解析] 最后一段提到英国的排名是第29位，美国的排名是第13位，而中国的排名在第60名。所以可以看出中国的排名是最靠后的。所以题干的描述是正确的。

二、Ⅱ完形补文 (总题数：1，分数：20.00)

Abraham Lincoln

We celebrate Abraham Lincoln\"s birthday (February 12), and we should. Lincoln was one of the few great men who really were great. Before he 1 (become) president, Lincoln spent twenty years as an unsuccessful Illinois lawyer—at least he was unsuccessful in 2 (make) money. But when you measure the good he did, he was very rich indeed. Legends are often 3 (true), but Lincoln was the real thing. George Washington never chopped down a cherry tree, but Abraham Lincoln was honest. During his years as a lawyer, there were hundreds of known examples of his honesty and 4 (polite). For example, Lincoln didn\"t like to charge people much who were as poor as he was. Once a man sent him twenty-five dollars, but Lincoln sent him back ten of them, saying he was 5 (be) too generous.

He was known at times to persuade his clients to settle their problems out of court, 6 (save) them a lot of money, but earning himself nothing.

An old woman in terrible poverty, the widow of a Revolutionary Soldier, was charged $200 for getting her $400 pension. Lincoln took the pension agent to court and 7 (win) the case for the old woman. He didn\"t charge her for his services and, in fact, paid her hotel bill, and gave her money to buy a ticket home!

He was a fool, perhaps, by certain standards, He didn\"t have much, and it was his own fault. But be was a good human being by anyone\"s standards and I\"m glad we celebrate his birthday. Honesty makes you feel good about 8 (your) and creates trust in others. It improves your 9 (relation) with yourself and with others. It\"s not much in fashion these days to talk about the benefits of honesty and politeness, but the benefits are there and they are 10 (value) and worth the trouble.（分数：20.00）

解析：became[解析] 译文：在林肯成为总统之前……因此时态应为一般过去时，所以要用become的过去式。

解析：making[解析] be successful in doing为固定结构，意为成功做成某事，后接动名词形式。 解析：untrue[解析] 译文：传说通常是不真实的，但是林肯却是真实存在的人物。根据题意可知此处应填入形容词true的反义词。加前缀un-之后变为untrue，意为不真实的、假的，符合题意。

解析：politeness[解析] 此处应填入名词形式和honesty形成并列结构。polite的名词形式为politeness，意为有礼貌。

解析：being[解析] 译文：……他只是太慷慨了。本句不是被动语态，因此应为过去进行时，所以要用be的-ing形式。

解析：saving[解析] 句中已经出现了谓语动词persuade，因此可用分词形式作伴随状语。

解析：won[解析] and后的单词和前面的took是并列谓语。根据时态一致的原则，应用动词win的过去式won。

解析：yourself[解析] 译文：诚实会让你自我感觉良好并且对别人产生信任感。此处应填入your的反身代词yourself。

解析：relationship[解析] relationship with为固定搭配，意为与……的关系。因此应给relation加后缀-ship，形成名词relationship。

解析：valuable[解析] be动词后应填入形容词，value加后缀-ble后变为形容词valuable，意为有价值的。

三、Ⅲ概括段落大意和补全句子 (总题数：1，分数：20.00)

Can Mobile phones Cause Disease?

① \"Mobile phone killed my man.\" screamed one headline last year. Also came claims that an unpublished study had found that mobile phones cause memory loss. And a British newspaper devoted its front page to a picture supposedly showing how mobile phones heat the brain.

② For anyone who uses a mobile phone, these are worrying times. But speak to the scientists whose work is the focus of these scares and you wilt hear a different story. According to them, there

is no evidence that mobile phones cause cancer or any other illness in people.

③ What we do have, however, are some results suggesting that mobile phones\" emissions have a variety of strange effects on living tissue that can\"t be explained by the general radiation biology. And it\"s only when the questions raised by these experiments are answered that we\"ll be able to say for sure what mobile phones might be doing to the head.

④ One of the odd effects comes from the now famous \"memory loss\" study. Alan Preece and his colleagues at the University of Bristol placed a device that imitated the microwave emissions of mobile phones to the left ear of volunteers. The volunteers were just as good at recalling words and pictures they had been shown on a computer screen whether or not the device was switched on. Preece says he still can\"t comment on the effects of using a mobile phone for years on end. But he rules out the suggestion that mobile phones have an immediate effect on our cognitive abilities. \"I\"m pretty sure there is no effect on short-term memory. \"he says.

⑤ Another expert, Tattersall, remarked that his latest findings, have removed fears about memory loss. One result, for instance, suggests that nerve cell synapses exposed to microwaves become more—rather than less—receptive to undergoing changes linked to memory formation.

⑥ Hopefully, microwaves might turn out to be good for you. It sounds crazy, but a couple of years ago a team led by William Adey at the Veterans Medical Center in California found that mice exposed to microwaves for two hours a day were less likely to develop brain tumours when given a cancer-causing chemical.（分数：20.00） (1).Paragraph① 1 A. Bad Results

B. Widespread Opposition C. Groundless Anxiety

D. No Effect on Short-term Memory E. Mysterious Effects

F. Further Reassurance（分数：2.00）

解析：A[解析] 第一段中的关键词killed说明移动电话带来的后果，后面列举了memory loss(记忆丢失)，heat the brain(热脑)两种危害。可以看出本段主要讲了移动手机带来的不良后果，用A项可以很好地归纳。

(2).Paragraph② 1（分数：2.00）

解析：C[解析] 第二段讲到使用手机会产生焦虑，因为科学家给出了不同的论断：没有证据证明手机会导致癌症或其他疾病。因此这些焦虑是没有依据的。C项中groundless意为没有依据的、无根据的，符合本段主旨。

(3).Paragraph③ 1（分数：2.00）

解析：E[解析] 第三段讲到手机的辐射对活体组织会产生影响，但是只有实验的结果出来后才可以肯定是否对大脑有影响。所以说这些影响都是在“未定”的情况下。用mysterious来概括比较贴切。 (4).Paragraph④ 1（分数：2.00）

解析：D[解析] 第四段讲Alan Preece和他的同事所做的实验表明手机有直接影响我们的认知能力，但是可以肯定是没有影响到短期记忆。正好与D项符合。 (5).Paragraph⑤ 1（分数：2.00）

解析：F[解析] 第五段讲到另一位专家的解释，他再次确定了手机不会对短期记忆产生影响，是因为神经细胞的突触在微波的刺激下会对信息记忆变得更加灵敏。所以这是属于对第四段内容的再次肯定(reassurance)。

(6).There is no 1 to indicate that mobile phones cause any illness. A. different messages B. is hoped C. public attention D. solid evidence

E. attracted public attention F. public anxiety（分数：2.00）

解析：D[解析] 第二段最后讲到there is no evidence...cause cancer or any other illness in people，所以D项符合本空。

(7).It 1 that mobile phones might be good for health.（分数：2.00）

解析：B[解析] 第二段和三段讲了手机对人体和大脑的伤害未得到证实，第四段和五段确定了手机对短期记忆丧失没有影响，最后一段还用老鼠实验说明微波之下即使使老鼠受到可引发癌症的化学物质的影响，老鼠也不容易得脑瘤。因此本空用B项最符合。

(8).The safety problem with mobile phones has 1.（分数：2.00）

解析：E[解析] 文章列举了三位专家(Alan Preece，Tattersall和William Adey)的言论及其著名实验，说明手机对人体健康是否有影响已经受到了公众的注意。C项中缺少谓语动词。

(9).Tattersall said for sure that the 1 over memory loss caused by mobile phones was ungrounded.（分数：2.00）

解析：F[解析] 本题涉及到第五段的内容，第五段中Tattersall暗示了手机辐射并没有对短期记忆产生影响，相反还会有好的作用，因此对这个问题的恐慌是没有依据的。

(10).Until now, there are still 1 about the mobile phone\"s effect.（分数：2.00）

解析：A[解析] 文章通篇介绍了手机辐射的影响，虽然用不同专家的言论证明了手机对人体无害，但是却没有权威的公布这些信息。因此相信大众对手机是否有害还是半信半疑，所以A项符合本空。

四、Ⅳ填句补文 (总题数：1，分数：10.00)

Cyberlove

Thanks to the late 20th century technology, Maria of Denmark and Martijin of Holland met on a chatline. For months they\"ve talked and sent letters to each other with the help of their computers as they found themselves falling head over heels in love. 1 It was not easy to arrange as the young man and his lady were separated by 700 very real kilometers, but the date was a success and Maria and Martijin have been living together happily ever since. They\"ve created a home page to let the world know how they\"ve found happiness via the Internet and introduce couples who\"ve met under similar circumstances.

2 Internet romance, according to some, is a bizarre method, and to others it is a naturally way for the 90\"s to meet potential mates.

Romances formed on the Internet follow a characteristic script. 3 \"Love at first byte\" is rare although there are examples. The initial light exchanges, whether by e-mail or in chat rooms, are generally followed by increasingly self-revealing topics, and then after a while, the two strangers perceive each other as a true friend. Hearts open, an avalanche of e-mail crosses cyberspace carrying literary quality, and electronic messages are even enhanced with verses and virtual gifts (flowers, kisses, animated pictures). 4 When you reach for the mouse with sweaty palms and butterflies in the stomach to look in the in-box for new mail—there\"s just no way to escape the fact-love has arrived.

5 Perhaps one significant difference is that communication plays such a large part. Words that convey feelings have enormous effect. While before a real date we fix our hair and our clothes, on the Internet we polish our intellect, imagination and personality. In essence, the sequence is reversed—first we show our inner beauty and only after it has won victory does the veil fall off the physical vehicle of that personality at the time of that first meeting in person.

A. The development of emotional intimacy is a long process, sometimes taking several months. B. Could any heart with romantic inclinations resist?

C. It was then that they decided to meet in the real, not only the virtual, world. D. Throughout history men and women have used a variety of means to find each other. E. How does a cyber romance vary from a real life romance?

F. In any case, keep your eyes open off-line as well.（分数：10.00）

解析：C[解析] 第一段讲到Maria和Martijin通过网络认识并相恋，本空后面讲到两人在现实世界相见也很成功，因此C项中的meet in the real world可以后面很好地衔接。

解析：D[解析] 第二段后面讲到了网恋对于90后的人来说是一种很自然的交往方式，因此首句也应是与“交往方式”相关的内容。D项中的a variety of means to find each other符合本题的语境。

解析：A[解析] 本空后面一句讲到Love at first byte，与“一见钟情”的含义相似，因此应是说相恋时间的问题，可与A项的意思(情感的发展是一个很长的过程，有时候需要好几个月)形成顺承关系。 解析：B[解析] 第三段的中间部分讲到网恋使人打开心扉，邮件交往，网络礼物的传递也增加了彼此的感情。B项中的romantic inclinations指的是前文的electronic messages, verses and virtual gifts，因此可以很贴合本段的内容。

解析：E[解析] 第四段讲到“一个明显的区别是交往……”，可见首句应是暗含了关于“区别”或“不同”的意义。所以E项中的vary from符合了本段的语境。

五、阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出1个最佳选项。(总题数：1，分数：10.00)

Kobe Bryant

After 10 seasons wearing the No. 8 on his back, Kobe Bryant will become No. 24 next season. The reason for the surprising decision by the Los Angeles Lakers super guard last week has become a hot topic for debate.

Bryant wore No. 24 when he was in early high school, but he changed to No. 33 in his senior year. He switched to No. 8 when he was selected by the Lakers in 1996, and has not been changed since. Bryant has refused to explain the decision until the end of the play-offs. So guessing Bryant\"s motive has become a popular game among NBA fans and newspaper columnists.

There are all kinds of speculations. Many say that Bryant wants to leave the past behind and have a fresh start. He has often been criticized for playing to benefit himself and not the team as a whole. Others say that he may be trying to compare himself to Michael Jordan. Jordan was famous for his No. 23 jersey. Some, such as N. B. C. Sport columnist Michael Ventre, argue that it is \"all about money\". Bryant will make more money by selling new jerseys to his fans.

Some speculations are more about fun. For example, there is an opinion that Kobe is actually just a diehard fan of the popular T. V. drama \"24\"。

All this talk has turned the number change into a major issue. It seems that there is a lot of fuss over something that should be pretty simple.

Jersey numbers have their own special significance in American sports, especially basketball. Players choose their number when they join a team and they usually stick with that number for the rest of their career. When a great player retires, his team will honor him by retiring his number.

To some extent, the jersey is the player, and the player is the jersey. Thus, when you see the famous No. 23 for the Chicago Bulls, you immediately think about Michael Jordan. A No. 32 Miami Heats jersey recalls the image of Shaquille O\"Neal, and the Houston Rockets\" No. 11 belongs only to Yao Ming.

Lots of stories are behind players\" jersey number selections. Jordan said that he chose No. 23 because it was roughly half of 45. Jordan\"s elder brother wore the No. 45 in college. Yao Ming once revealed that the No. 11 stands for two people in love—meaning him and his girlfriend Ye Li.（分数：10.00）

(1).Which team has Bryant played for?______（分数：2.00） A.The Los Angeles Lakers √ B.The Houston Rockets C.The Chicago Bulls D.The Miami Heats

解析：[解析] 结合文章第一段和第二段的内容可以知道Kobe效力于洛杉矶湖人队。 (2).How long has Bryant been wearing No. 8?______（分数：2.00） A.Since he started to play basketball

B.For ten seasons √

C.Since he entered high school D.Since he left the Lakers

解析：[解析] 文章一开头就讲了Kobe连续10个赛季都是穿8号球衣。

(3).Which of the following is NOT a speculation about Bryant\"s motive to change his number, according to this passage?______（分数：2.00）

A.He wants to leave his past behind and have a fresh start B.He wants to compare himself to Jordan C.He wants to earn more money

D.He wants to show that he is a man of great importance √

解析：[解析] 关于Kobe要换球衣号原因的种种猜测在第四段里可以看到：Many say..., Others say...和Some argue...，分别讲到A、B、C的内容，但没有人猜测他为了显示自己的重要性。 (4).Why did Jordan choose No. 23?______（分数：2.00） A.Because that number would make him famous B.Because that number would make his fans miss him

C.Because that number was related to the number his brother once wore √ D.Because that number was easy to remember

解析：[解析] Jordan为自己选23号的原因在最后一段里，23差不多是45的一半，他的哥哥在大学里穿的是45号，所以23和他哥哥曾经穿过的球衣号有点联系。

(5).What does the number Yao Ming chose stand for?______（分数：2.00） A.Two long legs B.Two strong arms C.Two people in love √ D.Two big countries

解析：[解析] 全文的最后一句话，姚明透露过11代表着两个恋人，也就是他自己和他的女朋友叶莉。

六、Ⅵ填词补文 (总题数：1，分数：20.00)

Hitchhiking

When I was in my teens and 20s, hitchhiking was a main form of long-distance transport. The kindness or curiosity of strangers 1 me all over Europe, North America, Asia and southern Africa. Some of the lift-givers became friends, many provided hospitality 2 the road.

Not only did you find out much more about a country than when traveling by train or plane, but also there was that element of excitement about where you would finish up that night. Hitchhiking featured importantly in Western culture. It has books and songs about it. So what has happened to 3 ?

A few years ago, I asked the same question about hitchhiking in a column on a newspaper. 4 of people from all over the world responded with their view on the state of hitchhiking. \"If there is a hitchhiker\"s heaven it must be Iran,\" came one reply. Rural Ireland was recommended as a friendly place for hitchhiking, 5 was Quebec, Canada—\"if you don\"t mind being berated for not speaking French.\"

But while hitchhiking was clearly still alive and well in many parts of the world, the 6 feeling was that throughout much of the west it was doomed.

With so much news about crime in the media, people assumed that anyone on the open road without the money for even a bus ticket must present a danger. But do we 7 to be so wary both to hitchhike and to give a lift?

In Poland in the 1960s, according to a Polish woman who e-mailed me, \"the authorities introduced the Hitchhiker\"s Booklet. The booklet contained coupons for drivers, so each time a driver 8 somebody, he or she received a coupon. At the end of the season, drivers who had picked up the most hikers were rewarded with various prizes. Everybody was hitchhiking then.\"

Surely this is a good idea for society. Hitchhiking would increase respect by breaking down 9 between strangers. It would help fight global warming by cutting down on fuel consumption as hitchhikers would be using existing fuels. It would also improve educational standards by delivering instant 10 in geography, history, politics and sociology. A. need D. barriers G. for J. on

B. picked up E. general H. it K. hundreds

C. as F. lessons I. debates L. took（分数：20.00）

解析：L[解析] 这里要填入的是句子的谓语动词，陌生人的善意或好奇把我带到欧洲各地、北美、亚洲和非洲南部。只能用动词take。

解析：J[解析] on the road在路上。其他几个介词都不能和road一起用。 解析：H[解析] 这里的代词it指搭车旅行，这句话的意思是：搭车旅行现在怎么啦!

解析：K[解析] 注意hundred，thousand这些词的用法。表示不确定的数字用它们的复数形式，后面要跟of，即hundreds of(几百)，thousands of(几千)。数字确定的话就用单数，后面不用of，如：five hundred people(五百人)，two thousand yuan(两千元)。

解析：C[解析] 从语法的角度看，这里需要的是一个连接词，因为后面是个句子，有动词was。从句子的意思看，它不表示时间或原因，所以应选as。

解析：E[解析] the general feeling：普遍的感觉、大多数人的感觉，其他的词无法替代。

解析：A[解析] 句子的意思是：我们有必要在搭车或给人搭车时那么小心谨慎吗?need可以用做情态动词，也可以当普通动词用，在这里它是一个普通动词，所以后面的动词不定式前面要有to。

解析：B[解析] 动词短语pick up是“让人搭车、接某人上车”的意思，如：He always picks me up on his way to the company. 他总是在去公司的路上把我带上。

解析：D[解析] 人与人之间的无形的障碍是barrier，break down的宾语也只能是barrier。 解析：F[解析] deliver lessons上课，其他词都不会和deliver一起用。