6.8古代文化6-10单元翻译练习[1]

Unit 6

1. 不论什么时候在任何国家，婚礼都被认为是一个人一生中最重要的仪式。虽然中国的婚俗在不断地变化与发展，但是婚礼中创造的庄重、热情、欢乐和吉祥的气氛却一直未变。因为中国拥有56个民族，因此婚俗也成为民族文化中一个重要的组成部分。随着社会的进步和人们思想的改变，在中国自由恋爱日渐流行。因此目前的婚礼习俗已不如传统的那样复杂。 【译文】At all times and in all countries, the wedding ceremony is considered to be the greatest ritual of anyone’s entire life. Although Chinese marriage customs are changing and developing all the time, the atmosphere created during the wedding is unchanged — being ceremonious/solemn, enthusiastic, joyful and auspicious（吉祥的）. Because China consists of 56 ethnic groups, Chinese marriage customs are an important part of the country's folk/national culture. However, along with the progress of society and the transformation of people's mind, free love has become increasingly popular in China, so current Chinese marriage customs are not as complicated as the traditional ones.

2. 中国龙是吉祥的(auspicious)生灵，象征着力量、智慧、好运和掌控风和水的威力。龙被尊崇为雨神，在干旱或水灾发生时，人们会去当地的龙王庙烧香（incense）祈求情况的好转。龙对雨水和海浪的控制也和其在12生肖中的地位密切相关。这12种动物的顺序是按各自最活跃的时间点确定的。龙对应于7点至9点，此时最有可能会雾气蒙蒙，而龙却能腾云驾雾。 【译文】The Chinese dragon is an auspicious creature, symbolizing strength, wisdom, good luck and power over the elements of wind and water. The dragon was worshiped as the God of Rain, and in times of drought or flooding, people would visit a local dragon-king temple and burn incense to pray for more favorable conditions. The dragon’s power to control rain and waves is also closely related to its rank in the 12 zodiac animals. The sequence of the 12 animals is determined by the time of day when each animal is most active. The dragon corresponds to 7 am to 9 am, when it is most likely to be foggy, allowing the dragon to ride atop clouds and mist.

Unit 7

1. 北京是中国四大古都之一，其起源可以追溯到2000多年前。元代，北京在历史上首次成为国家的政治中心。后来，在明清时期得以重建和扩张。北京老城的体系包括4个层次：外城、内城、皇城和紫禁城。整个城市围绕故宫的南北轴线而建，结构対称(symmetrically)。其设计体现了传统建筑的风水原则，实现了人与自然之间的最大和谐。

【译文】Beijing is one of the four ancient cities in China, whose origins can be traced back to

over 2,000 years ago. In the Yuan Dynasty, for the first time in history it became the political center of the country. The city was later rebuilt and expanded in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The system of Beijing’s old town comprises 4 levels: Outer City, Inner City, Imperial City and Forbidden City. The whole city was constructed symmetrically around a north-south axis centering on the Imperial Palace. It was designed according to the traditional architectural principles of Feng Shui to achieve maximum harmony between man and nature.

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2. 胡同即狭窄的街道或巷子，在中国北方的城市很常见，其中又以北京的胡同最为著名。在北京，很多街区是这样形成的：四合院(Chinese quadrangle)彼此相连形成胡同，进而胡同彼此相连形成街区。由于北京悠久的历史和六朝古都的地位，几乎每个胡同都有其轶事趣闻(anecdotes)，一些胡同甚至还与历史事件紧密相关。与紫禁城、颐和园和天坛所代表的宫廷生活和精英文化(elite culture)相比，胡同反映了北京的平民文化。

【译文】Hutongs are a type of narrow streets or alleys, frequently seen in northern Chinese cities,

most prominently Beijing. In Beijing, many neighborhoods were formed by joining one Chinese quadrangle (siheyuan) to another to form a hutong, and then joining one hutong to another. Thanks to Beijing’s long history and status as the capital for six dynasties, almost every hutong has its anecdotes, and some are even associated with historic events. In contrast to the court life and elite culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect the culture of grassroots Beijingers.

Unit 8

1. 书法作品跟舞蹈艺术一样可以展现肢体和动作的美感。相互之间能吸收灵感。张旭，唐代草书（cursive-script calligraphy）大家，以韵律独特和风格豪放而著称。传说，他从舞蹈名家公孙的一支舞蹈中得到启发，书法大有长进。舞者通过独特的节奏和利落的动作展示了诸如活泼、喜悦、悲伤、愤怒、渴望、需求、勇气和灵感等多种魅力和和情感。张旭草书、李白诗歌和裴旻剑舞被当朝皇帝誉为三绝。

【译文】Calligraphic works can demonstrate the beauty of both the body and movement, like the art of dance. They can absorb inspiration from each other. Zhang Xu, a cursive-script calligraphy master of the Tang Dynasty, was famous for distinctive rhythms and a wild style. Legend says that he made swift progress in his calligraphy after he got inspiration from a dance performed by the famous dancer Gongsun. Through distinctive rhythms and neat movements, the dancer demonstrates various kinds of charms and emotions such as vividness, joy, sadness, anger, aspiration, demand, boldness and inspiration. The cursive-script calligraphic works by Zhang Xu, the poems by Li Bai and the sword dance by Pei Min were praised as the three wonders by the emperor of their time.

2. 围棋是两位对弈者之间战略性的棋盘游戏(board game)。围棋四千多年前起源于中国，在一千多年前就先后传到朝鲜半岛（peninsula）和日本，为东北亚人们普遍喜爱。围棋不仅是竞赛项目，也是一种游戏活动，是综合科学、艺术和竞赛的游戏。围棋的规则很简单，但是有数不尽的策略。这就是围棋的魅力所在。围棋对于智力发展、性格培养和灵活的策略学习非常有益。

【译文】Weiqi/Go is a strategic board game between two players. It originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. It was introduced to the Korean peninsula and Japan over 1,000 years ago, and has since become popular with people in Eastern Asia. Weiqi is not only a competitive event but also a game of entertainment，a game that combines science, art and competition. The rules of Weiqi are very simple but there are countless variations of strategies. This is where the charm of the game lies. It’s beneficial for intelligence development, personality cultivation and flexible strategy learning.

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Unit 9

1. 重视教育和尊敬师长是中国悠久的传统美德。三千年前的周代，国家设立了不同规模不同层次的学校，由兼任教师。春秋时期，孔子开办了私学，并提出人无论贵贱都有受教育的权利。对教育的重视决定了教师的地位。中国民间有许多尊师的说法，如“一日为师，终生为父”。现在，中国还把每年的9月10日定（designated）为“教师节”。

【译文】It is a long-standing traditional virtue to value education and respect teachers in China. Three thousand years ago, in the Zhou Dynasty, the government set up schools of different scales and levels with officers as teachers. In the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius even ran private schools with a slogan (口号) that everyone, rich or poor, had the right to receive education. Respect for education determines the status of teachers. There are a lot of sayings that show respect towards teachers, such as “A teacher for a day is a father for a lifetime”. Nowadays, September the tenth is designated to be the Teachers’ Day in China.

2. 孝顺(Filial piety)是中国文化中一个重要的美德，指的是一个人对父母和祖先的尊重。历史上儒家经典作品《孝经》(Classic of Xiao or Filial Piety) 一直被认为是该美德的权威(authoritative)来源。该书介绍了如何利用孝顺建立良好的社会。一般而言，孝顺是指善待和照顾父母，尊敬父母、支 持父母、对父母讲礼貌。也指不仅在家对父母在外对他人都要从善，从而为父母带来好名声。虽然中国人一直拥有众多不同宗教信仰，孝顺却几乎是所有人共同的。

【译文】Filial piety is considered a key virtue in Chinese culture, which is about the respect for one’s parents and ancestors. The Confucian classic, Classic of Xiao or Filial Piety, has historically been the authoritative source on this virtue. The book is about how to set up a good society using the filial piety. Generally speaking, filial piety means to be good to and to take care of one’s parents, to show respect, support and courtesy to one’s parents. It also means to engage in good conduct not just towards parents but also others outside so as to bring a good name to one’s parents. Although Chinese have had a diversity of religious beliefs, filial piety has been common to almost all of them.

Unit 10

1）敦煌莫高窟（Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes），也称千佛洞，被认为是世界上最大最古老的佛教艺术宝藏。莫高窟的修建始于366年，在唐代达到鼎盛，但到了元朝才竣工。现存492个窟和1045幅壁画(mural)，以及245座彩绘泥塑(clay sculpture)和5个唐宋时期的木质建筑结构。此外，莫高窟还存有横跨三国到北宋数个朝代的大量(scripture)、文献和绘画。莫高窟展示出各类艺术形式的精华，同时也体现了中西方的艺术融合。

【译文】Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, also known as the One-Thousand-Buddha Grottoes, are regarded as the world's largest and oldest treasure house of Buddhist art. Construction of the Mogao Grottoes began in 366 and reached a peak in the Tang Dynasty, but it was not finished until the Yuan Dynasty. Now, there are 492 grottoes and 1,045 murals in existence. It also features 245 painted clay sculptures, and five wooden architectural structures of the Tang and the Song Dynasties. Besides, there are also a lot of items of scriptures, documents and paintings spanning the period from the Three Kingdoms Period to the Northern Song Dynasty. The Mogao Grottoes show examples of various types of art and demonstrate the integration of Chinese and Western arts.

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2)《清明上河图》(The Qingming Festival by the Riverside) 是由北宋画家张择端创作完成的。它是一副长528厘米，宽24.8厘米的彩色画卷。该画描述了清明节北宋都城汴京(今河南开封)热闹的街景。整幅画可以分成三部分：郊区景、汴河景以及城市街景。画卷对汴京的建筑、商人和交通的描绘形象地勾勒出北宋的经济繁荣景象。《清明上河图》是一幅伟大的稀世罕见的现实主义画卷。

【译文】The Qingming Festival by the Riverside is a painting attributed to the artist Zhang Zeduan in the Song Dynasty. It is a long colored painted scroll with a length of 528cm and a height of 24.8cm. It portrays the busy street scenes of the capital city Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan Province) during the Qingming Festival. The painting can be divided into three parts: scenes of the suburbs, the Bian River, and the city streets. The depiction of the architecture, merchants and transportation in Bianjing vividly reflects the economic boom of the Northern Song Dynasty. The Qingming Festival by the Riverside is a great and rare realistic painting.

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