初三 被动语态

被动语态 一. 概念：表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。 二、语态：英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。 英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 例如：Many people speak Chinese. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。 例如：Chinese is spoken by many people. 主语English是动词speak的承受者。 三、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。 一般现在时：am／is／are＋spoken 一般过去时：was／were＋spoken 一般将来时：will／shall be＋spoken 现在进行时：am／is／are being＋spoken 过去进行时：was/were being＋spoken 现在完成时：have／has been＋spoken 过去完成时：had been + spoken 四、被动语态的句型

（一）肯定句：主+be+过去分词+（by…） The child is well loved by people. （二）否定句 五、 主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换 We Visited that factory last summer 主动语态 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 That factory was visited by us last summer 被动语态 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 （1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 （2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词） （根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。 （3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如： All the people laughed at him. → He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. → The bikes are made by them in the factory. He cut down a tree. → A tree was cut down by him. 六、 各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的对比 时态 主动语态 一般现在时 （1）Do they speak French ? am / is / are + P.P. （2）They don’t use the room . 一般过去时 （1）The hunter killed a tiger . was / were + p.p. （2）He wrote many stories last year . 现在进行时 am / is / are +being +p.p. （1）These workers are building a new bridge . （2）He is mending his car . （1）He was selling books . （2）They were discussing the plan at that time . （1）She has learned many English words . （2）He has finished the work . （1）They has solved the 过去进行时 was / were + being + p.p. 现在完成时 have / has + been + p. p. 过去完成时

被动语态 Is French spoken by them ? The room isn’t used by them . A tiger was killed by the hunter . Many stories was written by him last year . A new bridge is being built by these workers . His car is being mended by him . Books were being built by him . The plan was being discussed by them at that time . Many English words have been learned by her . The work has been finishe by him . The problem had been solved had + been + p.p. problem . （2）We had told him the news by then . 一般将来时 （1）I shall make a plan . shall / will be + p.p. （2）They are going to fix the adio in an hour . 过去将来时 （1）He told me they would would be + p.p. paint the room . was/ were going to be + （2）They were going to put on a p.p. play the next week . 情态动词 （1）We should hand in our can / may / must / should homework . + be + p.p. （2）You must answer the question in English . by them . The news had been told to him by us . A plan will be made by me . The radio is going to be fixed by them in an hour . He told me the room would be painted by them . A play was going to be put by them the next week . Our homework should be handed in by us . The question must be answered in English by you . 六、 被动语态的类型 （一）由及物动词构成的被动语态 主动句：S（主）+V（谓）+ O（宾） 被动句：S（原宾语）+be +过去分词 + by +O（原主语的宾格形式） He wrote many stories last year . = Many stories was written by him last year . He is mending his car . = His car is being mended by him . （二）由两个宾语的句子的被动语态 主动句：S（主）+V（谓）+ IO（间接宾语）+ DO（直接宾语） 被动句：S（原IO）+be +过去分词 + by +原DO+by+原主语的宾格形式 S（原DO）+be +过去分词 + 介词 +原IO+by+原主语的宾格形式 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。 【例题讲解】 His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. He often tells us interesting stories . （主动语态） Weareoftentoldinterestingstoriesbyhim.（被动语态） Interestingstoriesareoftentoldtousbyhim.▲常带双宾语的词有：tell , show , lend , pass，give，teach，offer，lend，buy等。 （三）含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态 主动句：S（主）+V（谓）+ O（宾）+ C（宾语补足语） 被动句：S（原宾语）+be +过去分词 +C+ by +O（原主语的宾语形式） 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。 【例题讲解】 Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.

I often hear her sing this popular song . （主动语态） 宾语宾语补足语 复合宾语 She is often heard to sing this popular song .（被动语态） ▲ 有这种用法的常用动词有：make , let , see , hear , watch , feel , notice等。 （四）带情态动词的被动结构。 其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。 【例题讲解】The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. （五）有些“be +过去分词”的结构并不是被动语态，它们有可能是“系表结构（即系动词之后由过去分词来充当表语）。” 【例题讲解】 (系表结构)Thedoorisclosed.门是关着的。比较：（1） ThedoorisclosedbyFengping.这个门是由冯平来关的。(被动语态)。(系表结构)Theglassisbroken.这个玻璃杯是坏的 （2）的。(被动语态) TheglasswasbrokenbyMary.这个玻璃杯是玛丽弄坏 （六） 只有及物动词和可有宾语的动词+介词词组才可以有被动语态 【例题讲解】 GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina.(正确) GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChina.(错误)Thedolphindisappearedinthedeepsea.(正确)  Thedolphinwasdisappearedinthedeepsea.(错误) 七、 如何使用被动语态 学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。 1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 (这时可省 by 短语)。 【例题讲解】My bike was stolen last night. 2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。 【例题讲解】I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer. 3. 为了更好地安排句子。 【例题讲解】The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了） 八、 It is said that+从句及其他类似句型 一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.”。有： It is said that… 据说,It is reported that…据报道，It is believed that…大家相信，It is hoped that…大家希望，It is well known that…众所周知，It is thought that…大家认为，It is suggested that…据建议。

例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （＝The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ） 九、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义 1.英语中有很多动词如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。 【例题讲解】This kind of cloth washes well. 注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。 试比较：The door won't lock． （指门本身有毛病） The door won't be locked． （指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因） 2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。 【例题讲解】How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？ 3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。 【例题讲解】Your reason sounds reasonable 【课堂检测】 中考真题一 1. The road ____ last year. A. builds B. built C. was built D. is built 2. Liu Xiang ___ by his coach to train regularly. A. adised B. advises C. was advised D. be advised 3. A Disneyland Park ___ in Shanghai Pudong New Area in the near future. A. builds B. has built C. will build D. will be built 4. –Can you sing this English song? ---Of course,I can. It__ many times on the radio. A. taught B. has taught C. is taught D. has been taught 5. The 16th Asian Games ____ in Guangzhou in November,2010. A. holds B. will hold C. was held D. will be held 6. No conclusion __ before we complete this test . A. is made B. will be made C. has made 7. Necessary action __ so that students can be safe at schools. A. can be taken B. must be taken C. may be taken D. might be taken 8. More than 100 workers __ from the Wangjialing Coal Mine in April this year. A. is saved B. are saved C. was saved D. were saved 9.Another new railway station ___ in Changsha in 2011. A. was built B. build C. will be built 10. People in Korea ___ bow when they meet for the first time. A. supposed to B. are suppose to C. are supposed to 11. –Doctor, it seems that you like to work with animals. --Yes,I think animals should __ as our friends. A. regard B. be regarded C. be regarding D. are regarded

12. –What are on show in the museum? --Some photos_ by the children of Yushu, Qinghai. A. have been taken B. were taken C. are taken D. taken 13. You’d better put the books here. They, with the dictionary,___ back where they were. A. should put B. could put C. can be put D. must be put 中考真题二 1. The sick boy __to hospital by the police yesterday. A. is taken B. was taken C. takes D. took 2. Waste paper shouldn’t __ everywhere. It’s our duty to keep our city clean. A. be thrown B. throw C. is thrown D. are thrown 3. –Do you have any problems if you __ this job? A. offer B. will offer C. are offered D. will be offered 4. It is reported that more new teaching buildings __ in our school in the next term. A. will be built B. was built C. has built D. will build 5. ---David, turn off the TV __ no one is watching it. --But it __ off already! The music is from the radio. A. so that, has been turned B.when,has turned C. if,has been turned D. because,has turned 6. ick __ a job in a bank, but to our surprise,he didn’t take it. A. is offered B. offered C was offered D. has offered 7.—It’s difficult for the village children to cross the river for school. --I think a bridge __ over the river. A. was built B. is being built C. has been built D. should be built 8. I ___ to get there before seven tomorrow, so I’ll have to get up early . A. told B. have told C. will tell D. was told 9. It is reported that the Underground Line No. 3 __ in our city in 2010. A. will build B. has built C. will be built D. has been built 10. When you leave the room, make sure the door ___. A. was locked B. is locked C. will be locked D. should be locked 11.—Do you believe there are aliens? -I am afraid not. I don’t think aliens __ in space. A. can find B . can be found C. can be found D. can’t be found 12. –I want to be a Chinese teacher when I grow up. --That’s great. Chinese teachers __ in China and some foreign countries. A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need 13. Don’t worry. You ___ plenty of time to decide. A. will give B. have given C. will be given D. are giving 14. As China grows stronger and stronger, Chinese __ in more and more schools out of our country. A. teaches B. is taught C. has taught D. was taught 15. –Our environment is getting worse than before. --You’re right. But thanks to Earth Day, people have done more and more useful things to protect the earth since Earth Day___. A. is started B. was started C. has started 16. The young man was often seen __ by the lake. A. to draw B. to drawing C. draw D. drew 17. Ba Jin,one of the greatest writers in China,__ as “People’s Writer” A. is regarded B. has regarded C. is regarding D. regards 18. –Where did you go last night ? - I __ to go to Li Lei’s birthday party.

A. asked B. am asked C. have been asked D. was asked 19. –I want to be a doctor. – Doctors __ in every part of the world, I think. A. need B. are needed C. are needing D. will need 20. The village is building a school. I hope it __ before August this year. A. finishes B. will finish C. is finished D. will be finished 中考真题一 1-5． CCDDD 6-10. BBDCC 11-13.BDD 中考真题二 1-5 BA0CAC 6-10. CDDCB 11-15.BCCBB 16-20 AADBD