初中英语八种时态归纳复习卷（一）
【考点1】一般现在时的用法考查
概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc.
基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词
否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三
人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首；②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，
同时，还原行为动词。
一般现在时主要有如下几点用法：
1、经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：It seldom snows in Suqian now. 2、现在的特征或状态。例如：He loves sports.
3、普遍真理，一般规律。例如：Light travels faster than sound./ Fish soon goes bad in hot weather. 4、可以用来表示一个按规定，计划，安排或时刻表要发生的情况，一般都有一个表示未来时间的状语。通常用来表示学期什么时候要开学、结束；飞机、火车、汽车、船只等交通工具什么时候要到达，什么时候要离开等时刻表上已有安排的活动。动词一般限于少数几个，如：begin, start, stop, arrive, come, go, leave, return, open, close, be等。例如：My plane leaves at 11 a.m. tomorrow./ School begins the day after tomorrow.
5、在if, when, as soon as, until, after, before等连接词引导的时间或条件状语从句中，从句中谓语动词要用一般现在时，主句要用将来时。例如：Turn off the light before you leave./ We will start as soon as you are ready.
关于一般现在时应注意以下几点：
a. 在间接引语中，如果转述的是客观真理，一般规律，谚语俗语，一般现在时时态保持不变。例如：He said the earth is round.
b. if引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的情况；但if作为\"是否\"意思时，其引导的宾语从句如果表示将来的情况则用一般将来时。When作为\"当、、时候\"，引导状语从句时，从句用一般现在时表示将来的情况，
如：When he comes, I will let you know；如果引导的是宾语从句，表示\"什么时候\"，则将来的情况仍然用一般将来时，如：I don't know when he will visit me.
c. 一些时间副词如seldom, usually, sometimes, often, never, every day等既可以用于过去时，也可以用于一般现在时。要注意区分。例如：He often goes swimming. / He often went swimming in 1999. 【中考链接】 1. --Mum, _______ shall we have lunch?
--We will have it when your dad_________.（2007年连云港）
A. when; returns B. where; returns C. where; will return D. when; will return
简析：A。when在后半句中表示\"当、、、时候\"，状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来情况，根据后半句应该是问时间的，第一空用时间疑问词when.
2. --Tomorrow will be Father's Day. What will you do for your father?
-- I will say \"I love you, Daddy\" as soon as he _______ up. （2007年南通）
A. will wake B. is waking C. wakes D. woke 简析：C。as soon as\"一、、就、、\"，引导时间状语从句。从句中一般现在时表示将来的情况。
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3. Our teacher said light________ faster than sound. （2007年宿迁） A. travelled B. has travelled C. is travelling D. travels
简析：D。\"光比声音传播速度快\"是科学真理，在间接引语中一般现在时保持不变。 4. --Let's go fishing if it _______ this weekend.
--But nobody knows if it_______.（2006年扬州）
A. is fine, will rain B. will be fine, rains C. is fine, rains D. will be fine, will rain
简析：A。前半句中if引导的是条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时表示将来；后半句if的意思是\"是否\"，引导宾语从句，周末下不下雨是未来的事情，用一般将来时。 5. --Is your father a doctor?
--Yes, he is. He________ in Town Hospital. (2006年武汉) A. has worked B. had worked C. works D. worked
简析：C。一般现在时在此句中表示现在的一种状态。即\"爸爸现在在这所医院工作。\" 【考点2】现在进行时的用法考查
概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc. 基本结构：am/is/are+doing 否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing. 一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。 现在进行时主要有以下用法：
1、表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作。常见的时间状语：right now, at present, at the moment, now.常见的标志性动词如：look, listen等。例如：Someone is asking for you on the phone. 2、表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。多有一个表示未来时间的状语。这种情况仅限于少量动词，如：go, come, leave, start, arrive, work, have, stay, play, return等。例如：--Tom, supper is ready. Come quickly. -OK. I'm coming.
注意：表示状态和感觉的动词如果指现在情况的话，一般不用于进行时，而要用一般现在时。这样的动词有：love, like, hate, want, hope, need, wish, know, understand, remember, belong, hear, see, seem, have(有), sound(听起来), taste（尝起来）等。 【中考链接】
1. --Where's your mother, Helen?
--She________ the flowers in the garden. （2007年镇江）
A. waters B. watered C. is watering D. has watered
简析：C。谈话中问妈妈现在在哪儿，可知妈妈正在花园里给花浇水。 2. --Hurry up! It's time to leave. --OK, ________.（2006年孝感）
A. I'm coming B. I'll come C. I've come D. I come
简析：A。\"I'm coming\"意思是\"我就来\"。现在进行时表示最近按安排要进行的动作。 3. --Shall we invite Tom to play football now?
--Oh, no. He his clothes.（2006年泸州）
A. is washing B. washes C. has washed D. washed
简析：A。上半句对方表示要现在邀请Tom踢足球，但另外一个人说不行，显然，他正在洗衣服现在脱不开身。
一般现在时和现在进行时强化训练题
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1.Jenny! Do you know that one-third of the boys in our class______ the singer Zhang Shaohan?
A. like B. likes C. liking
2. The sense of happiness will increase if you ______ what you like to do.
A. do B. did C. will do 3. Betty will ring me up when she _______ in Beijing.
A. arrives B. arrive C. arrived
D. will arrive
4. If you _____ your homework, you can go out to play football.
A. finish B. will finish C. are finishing 5.Now my father _____ his bike to work every day instead of driving.
A. rides B. rode C. ride D. will ride 6. Where's Tom'? His mother __ him now.
A. is looking for B. will look for C. has looked for D. Looks for 7.— What is Tom doing now? —He ______ basketball over there. A. is playing B. will play 8. —What’s the weather like?
C. has played
D. was playing
—Oh, it ___ outside. Take an umbrella with you.
A. is raining B. rains C. was raining D. rained 9. You can’t use the bathroom right now. Robbie ______ a shower. A. is taking B. will take C. takes 10. Look! The boys _______ football on the playground.
A. are playing
B. play
C. plays D. played
11. This girl is ready to help people any time. When she is on the bus, she always her seat to someone in need. A. give B. gives C. gave D. giving 12. —When will he leave for Shanghai? —As soon as he _ his work.
A. finished B. finishes C. is finishing D.will finish 13. Although Bill isn’t rich enough, he often ______ money to the poor. A. will give B. gives C.was giving D. gave 14. ----Can your father drive? ----Yes, and he to work every day. A. is driving B. drives C. drove D. has driven
15. John likes playing soccer very much and he _____ about one hour playing it every day.
A. spent B. spends C. has spent D. will spend 16、The sun ________ in the east and goes down in the west.
A. is always rising B. always rises C. rises always D. always is rising 17.The teacher told us that the sun______bigger than the earth.
A. was B. is C. has been D.will be 18. Don't make so much noise. The children _______an English lesson.
A. have B. are having C. were having 19. Today is Women's Day. My father and I __ a special gift for my mother now. A. make B. are making C. made
20.—What’s that noise? —Oh, I forgot to tell you. The neighbors __ for a party.
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A. prepare B. are preparing C. will prepare D. have prepared 21.----Where is Michael? ----He ____TV at home , I think.
A. watches B. watched C. is watching D. was watching 22. Listen! The phone ＿＿＿. Please go to answer it.
A. rings B. rang C. is ringing D. will ring 23. — Please turn off the radio, grandma ___now. —OK, I'll do it right now.
A. slept B. will sleep C. is sleeping D. sleeps 24. —What are you doing? —I’m ________ TV. A. watched B. watches C. watching
25.The workers _a new bridge now. The traffic in Guangzhou will be better soon. A. build
B. were building C. are building D. built
26. The population of the world still now. A. will; grow B. has; grown C. is; growing D. is; grown 27. –I’ve not finished my project yet. – Hurry up! Our friends _____ for us.
A. wait B. will wait C. are waiting D. have waited 28. It _____ hard outside. You have to stay at home.
A. rain B. rained C. is raining
29. Look! Jack and his monkey ______ flying disk together in the garden. A. is playing B. was playing C. are playing D. were playing
30.—Alan, it’s late. Why not go to bed?—Jenny hasn’t come back yet. I____for her.
A. waited
B. have waited
C. am waiting D. was waiting
31. — May I speak to Mr Morgan? — Sorry. He ______ on the farm.
A. works. B. worked C. has worked D. is working 32.—Please turn off the TV. The baby _____. —OK. I’ll go out for a walk.
A. sleeps B. slept C. was sleeping D. is sleeping
33.---Where is Grace? ---She __in the yard.
A. reads B. read C. was reading D. is reading
34. Don’t make so much noise. The children an English lesson.
A. have B. were having C. are having 35. Listen! Someone _________ for help!
A. called B. has called C. is calling
36. The girl with her grandparents for the moment because her parents are both very busy this month.
A. lived B. was living C. live D. is living 37. A: What’s your brother doing now? B: He is a kite. A. fly
B. flew
C. flies
D. flying
38. Listen, our teachers ______ Red Songs in the next room.
A. sang B. sings C. are singing
39.—Where is your English teacher? I’m looking for him everywhere.
—He _____ the Internet in the computer room.
A. will search B. has searched C. searched D. is searching
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初中英语八种时态归纳复习卷（二）
【考点3】一般过去时的用法考查
概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词
否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。 一般过去时主要有以下用法：
1、表示过去某时发生的动作或情况（包括习惯性动作）。常见的时间状语有：yesterday, last night/week, a month ago/ ten years ago和具体的过去时间in 1990, in 2006等。例如：She often came to help me when I was in trouble.
2、发生的时间不是很清楚，但实际上是过去发生的。例如：How nice to see you here! I thought you were out.
要注意区分一般过去时和过去进行时。一般过去时表示过去发生的事情，侧重结果；而过去进行时只表示过去某段时间正在进行的动作，而不涉及结果。
例如：He was writing a letter last night.（不知道是否写完了） / He wrote a letter last night. (结果写完了)
【中考链接】1. Simon________ his fingers when he was cooking the dinner. （2007年盐城） A. burnt B. was burning C. has burnt D. had burnt
简析：A。burn此处为瞬间动词，表示\"烫着\"，\"当他在做饭的时候，他烫着了手指\"，一般过去时在此处表示结果。
2. -- I'm sorry you have missed the bus. It_________ five minutes ago. -- What a pity! （2006年徐州）
A. was leaving B. has left C. left D. leaves
简析：C。根据\"five minutes ago\"可知是指过去的事情，且表示的是结果，用一般过去时。 3. --Mr. Johnson, we have found your watch.
--My watch！Thank you. Where____ it?（2006年绍兴）
A. do you find B. have you found C. did you find D. were you finding 简析：C。\"发现\"的动作为过去的事情，表示过去的结果，故用一般过去时。 【考点4】过去进行时的用法考查
概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 基本结构：was/were+doing 否定形式：was/were + not + doing. 一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。
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过去进行时主要有以下用法：
1、谈论过去的某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的事。例如：I was reading the newspaper at 6.30 this morning.
2、当过去某一件事情发生时，另外一个动作正在进行。此时，延续性动词用过去进行时，瞬间动词用一般过去时。例如：The earthquake started while I was doing some shopping.
3、可以表示从过去某个时候看来将要发生的事。例如：When his son arrived, the old man was dying. 【中考链接】1. -- I came to your home yesterday afternoon, but nobody was in. -- Oh, we_______ some shopping in the supermarket.（2007年南通） A. have done B. did C. were doing D. are doing
简析：C。根据对话，可知在对方到他们家时，他们当时正在超市购物。 2. --What do you think of the colour of my new dress?
--Sorry, but what did you say? I_________ about something else. （2007年扬州） A. think B. thought C. am thinking D. was thinking
简析：D。第二个说话者没有听见对方说什么，可知对方说话时，此人正在考虑别的事情。过去进行时表示一个动作发生时，另外一个动作正在进行。
3. I my homework while my parents TV last night.（2006年南京） A. did; have watched B. was doing; were watching C. had done; were watching D. would do; were watching
简析：B。做作业和看电视均为延续性动词，而且是在过去同时进行的两个动作，所以都用过去进行时。
一般过去时和过去进行时强化训练题
1. Paul ant I ____ tennis yesterday. He did much better than 1.
A. played B. will play C. play D. are playing
2.A big party was held in NO.18 Middle School last night, the teacher with students _____ singing and
dancing happily at the party.
A. was B. is C. are D. were 3. Mr. Black is going to marry a girl he _______ in Japan last year. A. met B. meets
C. has met
D. would meet
4. He went into his room, the light and began to work.
A. turned on B. turned off C. has turned on D. has turned off 5．—What did Mr．Smith do before he came to China?—He in a car factory． A．worked B．works C．is working D．will work 6—What were you doing this time yesterday?
—I ____ on the grass and drawing a picture. A. sit B. was sitting C. am sitting D. sat
7. While I ___________ TV, the bell rang.
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A. watch B. was watching C. am watching D. watched 8. —Why didn’t you answer my telephone yesterday? —Sorry. I _______ a bath.
A. took B. was taking C. am taking D. take 9. While the alien _______ a souvenir, the girl called the police.
A. bought B. was buying C. buys D. is buying 10. —I called you at 6 o'clock yesterday evening, but nobody answered.
— I'm sorry. I my friend download the movie Kung Fu Panda Ⅱwhen the telephone rang,
A. would help B. was helping C. helped
11.—You have found your lost umbrella, haven’t you?
—Yes. I _____ it behind the door this afternoon. A. have found B. will find C. found 12. Tom, along with three other boys, ___seen playing football a moment ago. A. is B. are C. was D. were
13. Ten minutes ago, there______ an eraser, a pen and some books on the desk. A. were B. is C. was
14. —Have you ever been to Hong Kong？—Yes, I ＿＿＿ there last month.
A. went to B. have been C. went
15. This morning I had hardly got to my school when it_____ to rain.
A. had begun B. was beginning
C. began
D. begins
16. — How was your trip to Hang Zhou, Jim?
—Great! We ___ to Xixi National Wetland Park. A. go B. went
C. will go D. am going
17. – Do you know who cleaned the blackboard, Tina? -- Yes. John _____. A. do B. did C does . 18. The last time I ______ to the cinema was two years ago. A. go
B. have gone C. have been
D. Went
19.—Lin Kai, hand in your homework, please.
—Oh, sorry. I ______ it at home this morning.
A. was leaving B. has left C. will leave D. left 20. I'm now in New York with my friend Jenny. We_____ by plane on Monday.
A. arrive B. arrived C. are arriving
D. will arrive
21. –When _______ your mother _______ you that blue dress, Lucy? –Sorry, I really can’t remember. Maybe two or three weeks ago. A. will; buy
B. does; buy
C. did; buy
22. —I have to be off right now.—What a pity! I you could stay a little longer with us.
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A. think B. am thinking C. thought
23. Tom was so careless that he __ his right arm when he was riding to school. A. hurts B. hurt C. has hurt D. had hurt
24. —I ______ something wrong just now. May 1 use your eraser?
—Of course. Here you are.
A. write B. wrote C. am writing
25. What’s the best present you have ever ________?
A. received B. receives C. receiving 26. —What did the teacher say just now?
— Sorry. I didn’t catch it. I ____ something else.
A. think
B. will think C. was thinking D. had thought
27 When I came back yesterday evening, my brother ________ his homework. A is doing B. has done C. was doing 28. —Did you see Mr. Black just now?
—Yes. He ______ his car when I met him. A. parked
B. was parking
C. parks
D. will park
29. — Amy, I called you yesterday evening, but nobody answered the phone.
— Oh, I _________ a walk with my mother at that time.
A. take
B. took
C. am taking
D. was taking
30. —Why didn’t you go to play football with us yesterday afternoon?
—I _____my mother with the housework then.
A. helped
B. was helping
C. had helped D. have been helping
31. He ____when the UFO arrived. He didn’t wake until the UFO disappeared. A. slept B. was sleeping C. was doing homework D. was singing 32. I_______ my homework at nine o'clock last Sunday morning. A. am doing B. was doing C. do 33. I was very angry with John—he just_______ when I spoke to him. A. isn’t listening B. hasn’t listened C. didn’t listen D. wasn’t listening 34. I met a good friend of mine while I on the street.
A. walks B. walk C. was walking D. am walking 35. I ________ when the UFO landed.
A. am watching TV B. was watching TV C. have watched TV D. watched TV 36. The girl with two cats in the yard when the earthquake happened. A. was playing B. is playing C. are playing D. were playing
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初中英语八种时态归纳复习卷（三）
【考点5】现在完成时的用法考查
概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
时间状语：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc. 基本结构：have/has + done （即动词的过去分词） 否定形式：have/has + not +done. 一般疑问句：have或has。 现在完成时主要有以下用法：
1、谈论开始于过去某个时候而且持续到现在的一个动作。例如：Eddie has lived with Millie since he was born.
2、谈论过去发生的动作，并且和现在存在联系。即过去的某个动作对现在产生影响。Eddie has eaten my food. (Eddie ate the food and now Hobo has nothing to eat.) 但是如果单纯谈一个过去的动作，不涉及它对现在的影响时，通常用一般过去时。
现在完成时常见的时间状语有：(1)for+一段时间；(2)since+过去的某个时间点或从句 (3) so far, yet, recently, over/in the last/past +一段时间；（once, twice, ）three…times, never, ever, up to now, these days，before,例如：I haven't seen him these days./ Have you ever seen each other before? 1.英语动词根据词义可分为两种:一种是延续性的,一种是终止性的,终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词,瞬间动词,或点动词),如begin,start,die,buy,leave, come等,表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用,即不能与表示一段时间的状语,for+时间段, since+时间点/从句连用,也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句中. eg. I've left Shanghai for three days.(×) I've been away from Shanghai for three days.( √ ). I left Shanghai three days ago. ( √ ) It is /has been three days since I left Shanghai.( √ )
2.初中英语课本中常见终止性动词有:leave, go, come, arrive, begin, buy, borrow, die, join, become等.终止性动词要表示持续时, 可用以下方法: ⑪.将时间状语改为时间段 + ago,句中谓语动词用一般过去时.
eg.我弟弟参军两年了. My brother joined the army two years ago.
⑫.若保留for+时间段,since+时间点/从句, 或用在 how long 句型中,则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词,现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词（终止性动词）到延续性动词的转换： come/go/arrive/get/reach/move------be in/at open-----be open come back→be back
die------be dead close----be closed become---be borrow---keep begin/start-----be on put on----wear leave-----be away (from) buy-----have fall asleep----be asleep get up→be up end/finish-----be over catch a cold-----have a cold go out →be out
join the army----be in the army /be a soldier join the Party----be in the Party /be a Party member 如：→My brother has been in the army for two years. →My brother has been a soldier for two years. His grandma has been dead for two years.他祖母去世二年了。 The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。 3.现在完成时中been to,gone to和been in/at 的区别
been to去过某地,表示某人的一种经历,可以和once,twice,already,ever,never等连用. eg. She has been to Shanghai twice. (表示目前人在这里)
gone to 去某地了,说话时某人已离开此地,在去某地的途中或已在某地, eg. She has gone to Shanghai。 (表示现在她人不在这里)
been in/at 逗留在某地(已经一段时间).常和for ten days,since I came here等连用. eg. She has been in Shanghai since she moved there. 4. 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
一、现在完成时所表明的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响,强调的是现在的情况,不可以和表示过去的时间状语yesterday,in 1991,three days ago last time,last night等连用。 二、一般过去时表明的是过去发生的事实,和现在不发生关系.
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5. 结构It is /has been +一段时间 + since 从句.自从某事发生已有一段时间了. eg. It is /has been two years since my brother joined the army.
注意:1.since 引导的从句中动词用过去时 2.when 引导 的特殊问句不与现在完成时连用. 【考点6】过去完成时的用法考查
概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即\"过去的过去\"。
时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc. 基本结构：had + done.
否定形式：had + not + done. 一般疑问句：had放于句首。
过去完成时表示过去某个行为或某件事发生之前就已经发生的动作或情况。例如：Hepburn had been a model before she became a Hollywood superstar. 【中考链接】
1. --Did you see Mr. Chen yesterday afternoon?
--No. When I got to school, he_______ already. （2006年扬州） A. left B. has left C. was leaving D. had left
简析：D。到达学校为过去的动作，在这个行为发生之前陈老师已离开了。过去完成时表示过去的过去。
现在完成时和过去完成时强化训练题
1. —Dad, I ________ the station for minutes, but nobody came to meet me. —Don’t worry. I’ll go to meet you soon.
A. arrived at B. have been at C. will reach 2. —________ you ever _________ Beijing?
—Never. But I am going there this vacation. A. Do…go to B. Have…been to C. Have…gone to D. Will…go to
3. \"Where's your brother, Jane?\" ---\"He's not in Guiyang these days. He________ Beijing.'
A. has gone to B. has been to C. had been to
4. My aunt is a writer. She ____ more than ten books since 1980.
A. writes B. wrote C. has written D. will write
5. Echo _____ for half a month. She’ll come hack in two months.
A. left B leave C. has left D. has been away
6.The Smiths came to Shanghai in 2008,they__ there for three years since then.
A. live B. lived C. have lived D. will live 7. — Have you ever been to Nanning? — Yes, _______ .
A. I was B. I do C. I am D. I have
8. I my homework, I guess I can't join you. A. don't finish B. didn't finish C. haven't finished D. won't finish
9. —Excuse me, where is Mr. Brown's office?
—Sorry, I don't know. I _____ here for only a few days.
A. work B. worked C. have worked D. will work
10. — Are you going to the bank, Laura? —No, I ______ to the bank already.
A. have been B. have gone C. am going D. had been
11. ----Oh, you are here. I’m looking for you all the morning. ？ ----To the library.
A. Where have you gone B. Where will you go
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C. Where are you going D. Where have you been?
12. So far this year, many new houses ________ in Wenchuan with the help of the government. A. build B. are built C. will build D. have been built 13. My grandmother ______ a lot of changes in Tianjin since she came here.
A．sees B. can see C. will see D. has seen 14．I many new friends since I came here．
A．make B．made C．will make D．have made
15. — How do you like your English teacher?
— He is great. We friends since three years ago. A. were B. have made C. have been D. have become
16. She _______ this book for nearly three weeks.
A. has borrowed B. has lent C. has bought D. has kept 17. They _____ England and they will be back next week.
A. have gone to B. have been to C. have gone in D. has been on 18. Some students in Shanghai e-bags for several months.
A. have B. have had C. had D. will have 19. My brother and I _____ in Yinchuan since 1997.
A. had lived B. have lived C. live D. will live
20. My pen pal said he would write to me, but I ___ any letters from him so far.
A. won’t receive B. haven’t received C. hadn’t received D. didn’t receive 21. Our country ______the sixth population census(人口普查) already.
A. finished B. has finished C. will finish D. finishes
22.Thomas ______ the army for two years, so he misses his mother very much. A. has joined B. has taken part in C. has been in 23.—How well do you know the Opera House?
—I know the place very well. I ____ Sydney many times.
A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have arrived in 24. How clean the bedroom is! ——Yes, I am sure that someone it. A. cleans B. cleaned C. has cleaned D. had cleaned 25. I ______my hometown for a long time, I really miss it!
A. left B. went away from C. have left D. have been away from
26. —Will you please go to see the movie Guanyinshan with me?
—No, I won’t. I ______ already. A. saw B. have seen C. see D. will see
27.—Hi, guys. Where are you heading now?
—Home. We _________all our money, so we have to walk home now. A. spend B. spent C. have spent D. are spending
28. — _____ you _____ the movie Gongfu Panda II ?
— Not yet. I'll see it this Sunday.
A. Did, see B. Do, see C. Have, seen
29.British Prince William(威廉王子) and Kate _____ for nearly two months.
A. married B. have married C. have been married D. have got married 30. He promised to pick me up at the school gate. However. he __ yet. A. didn't arrive B. doesn't arrive C. isn't arriving D. hasn't arrived 31. Great changes _________ in Tongren in the past five years.
A. have happened B. have taken place
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C. have been happened D. have been taken place
32. You are too late. The film ______ since half an hour ago.
A. has begun B. has been on C. began
33. ---- Why won’t you go to the movie with me, Gina? - --- Because I it twice.
A. see B. have seen C. saw D. will see 34. —Are Li Yan and Wang Mei still living in Pingba?
—No, they ____ to Shanghai.
A. had moved B. moved C. will move D. have moved 35. Mr. Fan ___ this watch in 2005. he ____ it for 6 years.
A .bought, has had B. bought, has C. has bought, has had D. has bought, had
36. Mr. White came to our school in 2008, and since then he us English. A. teaches B. taught C. has taught D. will teach 37. —China develops so fast. —That’s true. It ______ a lot already. A. changes B. changed C. will change D. has changed 38. Lanmon ______ here for almost ten years and he has many Chinese friends.
A. has been B. left C. has come D. came
39.Our school is having a sports meeting. Someone _____ here already. A. arrived B. have arrived C. has arrived 40.. You ________ the book for two weeks, and you’d better return it to the library now. A. buy B. have bought C. have kept D.has had 41.The meeting _ by the time I got there yesterday.
A. was on B. has been on C. had begun D. has begun
42. By the end of last month, I _____ all the CDs of Justin Bieber.
A. collect B. collected C. have collected D. had collected
43. By the time I got to the cinema, the movie _______ for ten minutes.
A. had begun B. had been on C. has started D. has been on
44. The old scientist was awarded a gold medal for what he ________ (do) for the development of modern science since the mid-twentieth century. A.done B. had done C. have done D. did
45. The policeman said that he ________ (see) a Young Pioneer help an old woman cross the road the day before.
A. had seen B. have seen C. saw D. see
46．—Did you meet Tom at the airport？ —No，he ＿＿＿ by the time I ＿＿＿ there． A．has left；got B．had left；arrived C．left；arrived D．left；had got 47．—Why didn't Tom attend the meeting yesterday？ —He ＿＿＿＿ Beijing． A．has gone to B．had gone to C．went to D．had been to 48．—I ＿＿＿＿ to come to help you． —But you didn’t come．
A．have meant B．had meant C．meant D．will mean 49．Finally Mary was admitted by Beijing University，for which she＿＿＿ five times． A．had tried B．was trying C．has tried D.tried
50．—I have bought you the books you want． —Oh，good，I ＿ afraid you had forgotten． A．was B．am C．had been D．have been
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初中英语八种时态归纳复习卷（四）
【考点7】将来时的用法考查（一般将来时和过去将来时） 一般将来时：
概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
基本结构：①am/is/are/going to + do；②will/shall + do.
否定形式：①was/were + not; ②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：①be放于句首；②will/shall提到句首。 过去将来时：
概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。 时间状语：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc. 基本结构：①was/were/going to + do；②would/should + do.
否定形式：①was/were/not + going to + do;②would/should + not + do. 一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②would/should 提到句首。
表示将来时态的结构很多。一、位于宾语从句中例句：I didn’t know if she would come.
二、在间接引语句中例句 ：He told me that he would go on a trip to Beijing the next day.
过去将来时表示从过去某时看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态．是在某一过去时之后发生的动作．我们可以理解为它是＂立足于过去，着眼于未来＂的一种时态．E.g. Li Ming said that you would be happy if you heard from me. 过去将来时还可表示过去习惯性的动作．E.g. Every evening Mr. Wang would go and talk with his students. 过去将来时常用在宾语从句中．主句为过去时，从句表示将要发生的事情．E.g. I didn't know if she would come. 它也常用于间接引语中．E.g. He told me that he would go on a trip to Beijing the next day. 重点讲解：
1.“过去将来时”用于在过去某时间用英语说话时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。其谓语动词构成形式是：would /should +v. , be(was, were)+going to +v. , could +v.
2. would /should用于问句，表示委婉、客气的说法。Would like /love to v. 表示 ―意愿‖如：Would you like to go with me ? Yes , I’d love to . 3.条件、时间从句用“一般过去时”， 主句用“过去将来时”。 4.某些非延续性的动词常用进行时表示“将来”。如：表示位置移动词come /go /leave /start 5. before long=soon 将来时间“不久”
主要有以下几类：
1、 be going to do…表示计划, 打算做某事，
例如：I'm going to visit my grandparents next Friday evening.也可以表示根据目前情况很可能要发生的事。
例如：It's cloudy. It's going to rain.
2、一般现在时，可以用来表示一个按规定，计划，安排或时刻表要发生的情况，一般都有一个表示未来时间的状语。例如：My cousin finishes school next year.
3、现在进行时可以表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。例如：Are you going to the wetlands photo show next week?
4、一般将来时，will/ shall do..，在第一人称I/ We的句子中，可以用shall引导；各种人称都可以用will表示一般将来时。 注意：
1、时间，条件状语从句中，从句一般用一般现在时表示将来，而主句要用一般将来时。例如：I will go shopping when I am free.
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2、临时决定要做某事通常用一般将来时。例如：--Tom is ill in hospital. -Oh, I'm sorry to hear that. I will go and see him. 3、将来时态常见的时间状语有：常见的时间状语：next Tuesday, next week, the coming Sunday, this afternoon, tomorrow, tonight等。 几种常见时态的相互转换 ：
英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换，以下是几种常见的转换形式： 一、一般过去时与现在完成时的转换
在现在完成时中，延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用，瞬间动词却不能。但是，可用别的表达方式：①瞬间动词用于\"一段时间 + ago\"的一般过去时的句型中；②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语，与一段时间连用；③瞬间动词用于\"It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时\"的句型中，表示\"自从……以来有……时间\"的意思，主句一般用it is来代替It has been;④瞬间动词用于\"Some time has passed since + 一般过去时\"的句型中。请看： A. He joined the League two years ago. B. He has been in the League for two years. C. It is two years since he joined the League.
D. Two years has passed since he joined the League. 二、一般现在时与现在进行时的转换
在一般现在时中，at加上名词表示\"处于某种状态\"，如at work（在工作）, at school（上学、上课）等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看： Peter is at work, but Mike is at play. Peter is working, but Mike is playing. 三、现在进行时与一般将来时的转换
在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如：I am coming, Mum! 意为\"我就来，妈妈！\"请看： The train is leaving soon. The train will leave soon.
四、\"be going to+动词原形\"与\"will(shall)+动词原形\"结构的转换
\"be going to+动词原形\"、表示打算、计划要做的事；将来时\"will(shall)+动词原形\"结构在书面语中，当主语为第一人称时，常用助动词shall。在口语中，所有人称都可以用will。请看： We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday. We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday. 【中考链接】
1. --\"Ann is in hospital.\"
--\"Yes, I know. I________ her tomorrow.\" （2007年盐城） A. visit B. used to visit C. will visit D. am going to visit
简析：D。从Yes, I know.可知对方事先已知道Ann生病的消息，已有了去看望她的计划和打算。be going to do表示计划打算做某事。
2. Mr. Smith__________ a talk on country music next Monday. （2007年北京） A. give B. gave C. has given D. will give
简析：D。next Monday为一般将来时的时间状语。 3. -You've left the light on．
--Oh, sorry．_______and turn it off．(2006年泰州) A. I've gone B. I'11 go C. I went D. I'm going
简析：B。经人提醒才知道，应为临时决定要去做某事，用一般将来时。 4. --Joan, you are late! --Sorry, I ______ next time. (2006年浙江) A. don't B. won't C. am not D. haven't
简析：B。next time是将来的时间状语。表示以后不会再迟到了，所以应用一般将来时
一般将来时和过去将来时强化训练题
1. My sister wants a new dress. She it to the party,
A. wears B. has worn C. wore D. is going to wear
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2.—I don’t know if Aunt Li these ―stay-home children‖ tomorrow morning. — If I her, I would come earlier. A. will come to take care of; am B. come to look after; were C. will come to take care of; were D. comes to come up with; am 3. – I don’t know if Mr. Li ____ to the party this evening. -- I think he will come if he ____ free.
A. will come; is B. will come; will be C. comes; is D. comes; will be 4. Chen Guangbiao says he _______ all his money to charities when he dies. A. leaves B. left C. will leave D. would leave 5.—Mom, when can I go out to play football?
—Finish your homework first, or I ________let you go out. A. don't B. didn't C. won't D. haven't
6. If there is any change to the plan, I ______ you as soon as possible. A. told B. have told C. tell D. will tell 7. —Look at the noisy kids!
—Haven’t you heard the saying ―When the cat is away, the mice ______?‖ A. play B. played C. are playing D. will play 8. We are glad to hear that the Greens _____ to a new flat next week. A. move B. moved C. will move D. have moved
9. Can I take Lisa to the aquarium tomorrow? If she _____ there, she _____ a good time.
A. goes; has B. will go; has C. will go; will have D. goes; will have
10. Put your hands behind your back. Don’t speak. We’ll _____ in ten minutes. A. back B. be back C. are back D. are back to you 11. If it ________ this Saturday, we ________ for a picnic.
A. won’t rain; shall go B. doesn’t rain; will go
C. isn’t rain; go D. doesn’t rain; go
12- The plane is leaving right now, but Jim hasn't arrived yet. - Well, he said he _____here on time.
A came B would come C can be D will be
13 Li Ming said he _____happy if Brian_____to China next month.
A as; come B was; would come C would be; came D will be; come 14Jenny said she _____her holiday in China.
A spent B would spent C was going to spent D would spend
15. His father has gone to Shanghai . He said that he ______ in a week .
A. had been back B. would be back C. was going back D. will be back 16. A: What did your son say in the letter ?
B: He told me that he ______ the Disney World the next day .
A. will visit B. has visited C. is going to visit D. would visit
17. He told me he _____ see me again before long .
A. will come to B. is going to come C. would come to D. comes to 18. He said that he _____ in two days .
A. would come back B. will come back C. comes back D. came back
训练二
1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.
A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be 2. Charlie ________ here next month.
A. isn’t working B. doesn’t working C. isn’t going to working D. won’t work 3. He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week.
A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be 4. There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.
A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be
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5. Mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday.
A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give 6. – Shall I buy a cup of tea for you? –________. （不，不要。）
A. No, you won’t. B. No, you aren’t. C. No, please don’t. D. No, please. 7. – Shall I come again tomorrow afternoon?–________ （好的）.
A. Yes, please B. Yes, you will. C. No, please. D. No, you won’t. 8. – Where is the morning paper? – I ________ if for you at once. A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get 9. ________ a concert next Saturday?
A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are 10. If they come, we ________ a meeting.
A. have B. will have C. had D. would have 11. He ________ to us as soon as he gets there.
A. writes B. has written C. will write D. wrote 12. He ________ in three days.
A. coming back B. came back C. will come back D. is going to coming back 13. If it ________ tomorrow, we’ll go roller-skating.
A. isn’t rain B. won’t rain C. doesn’t rain D. doesn’t fine
14. – Will his parents go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow? – No, ____ （不去）. A. they willn’t. B. they won’t. C. they aren’t. D. they don’t. 15. Tomorrow he ____ a kite in the open air first, and then ____ boating in the park.
A. will fly; will go B. will fly; goes C. is going to fly; will goes D. flies; will go 16. The day after tomorrow they ________ a volleyball match.
A. will watching B. watches C. is watching D. is going to watch 17. ________ you ________ free next Sunday?
A. Will; are B. Will; be C. Do; be D. Are; be 18. He ________ there at ten tomorrow morning.
A. will B. is C. will be D. be 19. ________ your brother ________ a magazine from the library? A. Are; going to borrow B. Is; going to borrow C. Will; borrows D. Are; going to borrows
20. The teachers told me that they _______ me to smooth away the difficulties .
A. helped B. will help C. help D. were going to help
21. I heard that she _____ apples if she was free .
A. was picking B. will pick C. was going pick D. was going to pick
22. He asked what you ______ when you grew up .
A. were B. will be C. were going to be D. had been
23.A: Alice, why didn’t you come here yesterday?
B: I ____ ,but my son suddenly fell ill and I had to take him to the hospital. A. had B. did C. was going to D. didn’t
24. A: Tomorrow is my birthday . Can you come to my birthday party ?
B: OK ! I ______ .
A. would love B. will love C. would love to D. am sorry
25 . A: What did the scientist say ?
B: He said that he wondered if _______ into space by spaceship one day . A. he had to fly B. he could fly C. can he fly D. could he fly
26 . We didn’t know ________ to visit our school .
A. when did he come B. when would he come C. when he was coming D. when he came
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初中英语三大主从复合句归纳复习卷（一）
初中英语宾语从句讲解及练习
宾语从句常见考点分析
宾语从句是一种名词性从句。在复合句中作及物动词、介词或者形容词的宾语的句子称为宾语从句。中考题经常从宾语从句的引导词、语序、时态以及直接引语变间接引语等方面进行考查。
一 宾语从句的引导词
（一）语法链接
1.当宾语从句是由陈述句变来时，引导词要用that，that无意义，在非正式文体中常省略。如：
He says (that) he will go skating tomorrow. 他说明天他要去滑冰。 2.当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变来时，引导词要用if/whether“是否”。如：
Linda asked me if/whether I had a great time yesterday. 琳达问我昨天过得是否愉快。 3.当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句变来时，要用原来的疑问代词或疑问副词作引导词。常见的特殊疑问词有：连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how 如：
I don’t know when we’ll leave. 我不知道我们什么时候离开。 4. 宾语从句在介词之后，或者与or not 连用时，通常用whether不用if。如：
They’re talking about whether they will join the club. 他们正在讨论是否要加入这个俱乐部。 He asked the teacher whether she should do to the museum by bike or not. 她问老师是否要骑自行车去博物馆。
（二）中考题例析
He asked me ______ we could go to Beijing to watch the game by plane.（2008陕西） A. that B. if C. how D. what
此题专门考查了宾语从句的引导词的使用，根据主句可以推出宾语从句表达的是不确定的语气，所以排除选项A；宾语从句中没有缺少与how和what相对应的句子成分，从而排除选项C和D，故本题应选B。
二 宾语从句的语序
（一）语法链接
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句语序，即：引导词+主语+谓语+其它或者是引导词（作宾语从句的主语）+谓语+其它。如：
I wonder when he will come back? 我想知道他什么时候回来？ Do you know who invented the computer? 你知道谁发明的电脑吗？ （二）中考题例析
—Do you know ____? —Sorry, I don't know. （2008湖北武汉） A. where does Jimmy work B. where Jimmy works C. how does Jimmy go to work D. what does Jimmy do
宾语从句用的是陈述句语序，而选项A、C、D用的是疑问句语序而不是陈述句语序，所以该题的正确答案应为B。
三 宾语从句的时态
（一）相关语法链接
1.当主句是一般现在时时，后面的宾语从句应根据实际使用任何合适的时态。如： I know they had a great time last Sunday. 我知道他们上周过得很愉快。
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I hope they will have a great time next week. 我希望他们下周过得愉快。
2.当主句是一般过去时时，后面的宾语从句要用过去的某一时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）如：
He said he had left his backpack at home. 他说他把书包忘在家里了。
He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.
3.当宾语从句表示的是普遍真理时，无论主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。如： Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.
The teacher told his children the moon travels around the earth. 老师告诉他的学生月亮围着地球转。
（二）中考题例析
—Do you know ____ for Shanghai last night? —At 9:00. （2008北京）
A. what time he leaves B. what time does he leave C. what time he left D. what time did he leave
根据宾语从句的语序应该是陈述句语序，可以排除选项B和D，从时间状语last night可以推断宾语从句应该使用一般过去时，所以排除选项A，故本题的正确答案是C。
四 宾语从句与直接引语变间接引语
（一）相关语法链接
直接引语变间接引语总体上属于宾语从句的范畴，直接引语是引用别人的原话，间接引语是转述别人的话，直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的变化规则基本一致，除了应该注意宾语从句的引导词、时态、语序三大方面外，还要特别注意人称、时间、地点等的变化。如： 1. ―What subject do you like best?‖ Mr. Wang asked Bill. (改为间接宾语)
Mr. Wang asked Bill what subject he liked best. (直接宾语的人称代词you在间接宾语中变为he) 2. He said to me, ―I’m going to play tennis tomorrow.‖ (改为间接宾语)
He told me that he was going to play tennis the next day. (直接宾语的人称代词I在间接宾语中变为he，时间状语由原来的tomorrow变为the next day)
（二）中考题例析
A: He said, ―Are you interested in English?‖（改为同义句）
B: He asked me _________ I _________ interested in English. (2008湖北孝感)
本题考查的是直接引语变间接引语，即把A句的直接引语变为B句的间接引语，它与宾语从句的变化基本相同，第一个空应为引导词if或whether，B句的主句是一般过去时，间接宾语（宾语从句）的主语与主句相适应变为I，所以第二个空应填was。 五 中考题闯关
1. —I think it’s going to be a problem.
—Yes, it could be.
—I wonder_________ we can do about it. (2008湖北十堰 ) A. what B. how C. if D. that
2. —Can you tell me ? （2008天津） —Yesterday. A. when did he buy the car B. where did he buy the car C. when he bought the car D. where he bought the car 3. —May I come in? I’m sorry I am late.
—Come in, please. But could you please tell me________? (2008河南)
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A. why you are late again B. what were you doing then C. who you talked with D. how do you come to school
4. —What did the woman ask just now ? —She asked _____.（2008河北涿鹿） A. who was I waiting for B. where I live
C. how she can get to the post office D. whether she could help to find the post office
5.“Are you going to watch the football match next Sunday?”Father asked me. (改为复合句) Father asked me ________ ________ __________going to watch the football match the next Sunday. 中考题集：
1. --- When are the Shutes leaving for New York?
---Pardon? --- I asked _______.
A. when are the Shutes leaving for New York B. when the Shutes are leaving for New York C. when were the Shutes leaving for New York D. when the Shutes were leaving for New York 2. Could you tell me ______? I have something interesting to tell him.
A. where is Li Hong B. where Li Hong is
C. where was Li Hong D. where Li Hong has been to 3. --- Could you tell me _______?
A. how many people have been out of hospital B. when is Thanksgiving
C. which animal does he like best D. what time will the dolphin show start 4. I want to know _______.
A. what is his name B. what’s his name C. that his name is D. what his name is 5. He asked me ________.
A. if she will come B. how many books I want to have C. they would help us do it D. what was wrong with me 6. Do you still remember ______ at the meeting?
A. that Jim said B. what Jim said C. did Jim said that D. what did Jim said 7. --- Excuse me, ______ to the nearest bookshop, please?
--- Go straight and take the second turning on the left.
A. where the way is B. which the way is C. where is the way D. which is the way 8. Mike, go and see who ______ football on the playground.
A. is playing B. plays C. played D. were playing 9. The woman still doesn’t know what ______ in her hometown while she was away.
A. happens B. happened C. will happen D. was happened 10. --- Can I help you? --- Yes. I’d like a ticket to Mount Emei. Can you tell me ______take to get there?
A. how soon will it B. how soon it will C. how long it will D. how long will it 11. --- I hear we’ll have a new teacher this term. --- Really? Do you know ______?
A. what subject does he teach B. what subject will he teach C. what subject he teaches D. what subject is he going to teach 12. He asked his teacher _______.
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A. if there was a monster in Loch Ness B. when was Albert Einstein born C. how would the scientists find out the result D. where could he find the library 13. Do you know ______ over there?
A. what happens B. what was happened C. what is happening D. what did happen 14. --- Do you know ______ we will arrive at your hometown? --- This afternoon.
A. when B. why C. if D. where 15. Could you tell me ______ to Mount Putuo tomorrow?
A. how you will go B. how will you go C. how you have gone D. how have you gone 16. Could you tell me ______?
A. which room he lives B. which room he lived C. which room did he live in D. which room he lives in 17. --- Do you know ______ he is? --- He says ―1.75 metres‖, but I’m not sure.
A. how many B. how old C. how far D. how tall 18. She said she _______ me five letters in one month.
A. has written B. will write C. had written D. wrote 19. Can you tell me ______ she is waiting for?
A. why B. whose C. whom D. which 20. I don’t know ______ he still lives here.
A. where B. what C. when D. whether
21. I’d like to know ______.
A. when will he give back the tape B. whether has he received higher education C. that he has been busy D. whether she will join in our English evening 22. She wanted to know _____ her mother liked the present.
A. which B. that C. if D. what 23. Do you know if ______ back next week? If he ______ back, please let me know. A. he comes, will come B. will he come, comes
C. he will come, comes D. will he come, will come
24. Lily likes _____.
A. what her twin sister like B. what her twin sister does C. what is her twin sister like D. what does her twin sister do 25. Do you know what time _______?
A. does the train leave B. leaves the train C. the train leave D. the train leaves 26. --- I don’t know _____ Mr. Green will come to see us?
--- He will help us with our English.
A. why B. when C. how D. where
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（宾语从句系列）直接引语改为间接引语知识讲解
间接引语的实质就是宾语从句: 直接引述别人的原话叫直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。直接引语变为间接引语时应注意以下“四要素”。 一. 连词的选择
1. 直接引语为陈述句时，间接引语用that连接（that可以省略）。 He says, ―I will have a try.‖ →He says（that）he will have a try.
2. 直接引语为一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时，间接引语用if/whether连接。 He asked me, ―Have you finished you work？‖ →He asked me if/whether I had finished my work.
3. 直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语由原句中的特殊疑问词连接。注意：此时的间接引语已变成由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，故从句应用陈述语序。
Sue asked me, ―Where do you live？‖ →Sue asked me where I lived.
4. 直接引语为祈使句时，间接引语则变成一个不定式短语（否定式则在其前加not），同时根据语气选用适当的谓语动词，如：ask，tell，order等。
He said to me, ―Pass me the ruler, please.‖ →He asked me （not）to pass him the ruler. 5. 直接引语为感叹句时，间接引语由原句中的what/how连接，语序不变。 John said, ―What a beautiful day it is！‖ →John said what a beautiful day it was. 二. 时态的变化
当引述动词（即引起间接引语的动词）为过去时态时，间接引语的时态一般往前推一步。时态变化和举例如下：
一般现在时→一般过去时 现在进行时→过去进行时 一般将来时→过去将来时
过去时/现在完成时/过去完成时→过去完成时
Li Lei said, ―I’m sure about it.‖ →Li Lei said that he was sure about it .
Helen said, ―I’ve finished writing the report.‖ →Helen said that she had finished writing the report.
注意： 1、表示不变的真理和事实或引语中有时间状语时，间接引语中的动词时态不变。 Mr. Brown said to us, ―The earth goes around the sun.‖ →Mr. brown told us that the earth goes around the sun.
The Smiths said, ―We came in 1998.‖ →The Smiths said that they came in 1998.
2、如直接引语为肯定的祈使句时，在变为间接引语时，可使用ask [tell, order] sb to do sth这一结构进行转换。
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3、如直接引语为否定的祈使句时，在变为间接引语时，可使用ask [tell, order] sb not to do sth这一结构进行转换。
4、如直接引语中的谓语动词含有情态动词must，变为间接引语时用had to 5、直接引语中的said to sb在变为间接引语时应改为told sb；
6、直接引语变为间接引语时，若直接引语为客观真理，则变为间接引语时时态不变。 7、当直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时said应改为asked ，用if或whether作引导词 8、如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时用疑问词引导，疑问句语序改为陈述句语序
三. 指示代词、时间/地点状语和方向动词的变化 直接引语 now today yesterday tomorrow ago this week day.
Read said to me, ―We visited the Great Wall last week.‖ →Read told me that they had visited the Great Wall the week before. 四. 语态的变化
直接引语改为间接引语，时态须作相应变化，但语态不变。The shopkeeper said, ―This book has been sold out.‖ →The shopkeeper said（that）that book had been sold out.
直接引语变间接引语专项练习题（1）
将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词： 1. “I never eat meat.” he said. He said that ______ never ______ meat. 2. “I’ve found my wallet.” he said to me. He ______ me that he ______ ______ ______ wallet. 3. “I took it home with me.” she said.
She said that ______ ______ _______ it home with her.
4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”
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间接引语 直接引语 间接引语 →the week before →the next week →there →that →those →go →then →that day →the day before →the next day →before →that week last week next week here this these come Sam said to me, ―Come to my house tomorrow.‖ →Sam asked me to go to his house the next
The teacher said that the sun ______ in the east and ______ down in the west. 5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me.
He ______ me that he ______ met her the day ______. 6. “You must come here before five.” he said. He said that I ______ to go ______ before five. 7. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said.
He said that he _______ bought the house 10 years _______. 8. “Did you see her last week?” he said. He ______ ______ I had seen her the week _______. 9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.” He ______ Jim that he ______ sit there 10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?” He asked her mother ______ ______ ______ found it. 11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked. He asked me _______ _______ _______been _______ days. 12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked. He asked ______ ______ knew where she ______. 13. “Stop making so much noise, children.” he said. He ______ the children ______ ______ making so much noise. 14. “Don’t tell him the news.” she said. She told me _______ ______ ______ him the news. 15. “Are you intested in this?” he said. He ______ ______ I was interestd in ______.
直接引语变间接引语专项练习题（2）
1．He said: ―I’ve left my book in my room.‖
2．She said: ―He will be busy.‖
3．She said to Tom, ―Can you help me?‖
4．She asked, ―Is this book yours or his?‖
5．The teacher asked, ―how did you repair it?‖
6．The teacher said to the students, ―Don’t waste your time.‖
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7．The mother said, ―Tom, get up early, please.‖
8．The teacher said, ―The earth goes round the sun.‖
9．My father said, ―Practice makes perfect.‖
10．The boy said to us, ― I usually get up at six every day.‖
11．He said, ―We are still students.’
12．He said to me, ―I was born in 1978.
13．The engineer said, ―I was at college in 1967.‖
14．He said, ―I have studied English since I was a boy.‖
15．She said, ―I read the book while I was waiting for a bus.
16．Mr. Green said to them, ―Joe told me all about his story when he asked for a job.‖
17．He said, ―We insisted that she start immediately.
18．I said to him, ―I have finished it.‖
19．―Where does your chemistry teacher live, Karen?‖ the young man asked.
20．―Light travels faster than sound,‖ the physics teacher said to the boys and girls.
21．―Will you go to the concert with me this evening?‖ Mary asked me.
22．―What did you do here yesterday?‖ the old man asked my brother.
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初中英语三大主从复合句归纳复习卷（二）
初中英语定语从句讲解及练习
透析中考英语语法定语从句考点
1． 定语从句的功用和结构
2． 关系代词和关系副词的功用
3． 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法
.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等； 关系副词有where, when, why等。
关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。 【考点诠释】一、考查以that与which引导的定语从句 1．通常只能用that的情况 1）当先行词是不定代词a11，few，little，much，none, some (something 除外)，anything，nothing，everything等时。
2）先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级以及被a11，any，every，each，few，little，no，some， the only．the very．the last等修饰时。
3）如果先行词既指人又指物，应用关系代词that。 4）．先行词是the one时，只能用that。
This is the one that you want. 这就是你想要的。 5）．在以who引导的疑问句后，为了避免重复，只能用that。 Who is the girl that is standing there? 站在那边的那个女孩是谁？
【考例】Without friendship, one can't be happy although he is rich enough. As for me, I will never forget the days __ I spent with my dearest friend. [哈尔滨市] A. that B. when C. who
[答案]A。[解析]在定语从句中，引导词who(指人)which(指物)that(指人或物)。由先行词the days作spent的宾语可判定用that引导。
注：当the days不需要在后面从句充当成分,仅仅表示时间的时候,用when. 如I will never forget the days when i stayed at your house. 2．通常只用which的情况
(1)引导非限定性定语从句，用关系代词which指代前面整个句子的内容。 (2)引导非限定性定语从句，而且先行词指物时只能用which，不用that。 (3)．先行词指物时，在介词后只用which，不能用that。
This is the bank in which the robbery happened.这是那所发生抢劫案的银行。 (4)．先行词本身是that时，只能用which，不能用that。 The clock is that which tells the time.钟表是用来报时的。
China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. 【考例】Many young people love the songs _________have great lyrics. [成都市] A. who B. those C. which
[答案]C。[解析]考查定语从句。定语从句的引导词有which，who，where，that，故排除B，who指人，又排除了A，先行词是物，故选C。
二、考查以who，whom与whose引导的定语从句 (1)如果先行词是指人的不定代词anyone，anybody，everyone，everybody，someone，somebody，nobody，one，ones，those，all(指人)等作先行词，作主语用who，作宾语用whom。Who 。 而不用which。
(2)在非限制性定语从句中，指人作主语用who，作宾语用whom，who。
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(3)在定语从句中，作定语的关系代词只能用whose，它相当于the+名词+of +which／whom； whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. (4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. (5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? (6) Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? 【考例The man _________ gave us a talk on science yesterday is a famous scientist. [广东省] A. who B. whose C. which D. whom
[答案]A。[解析]本题考查定语从句的关系代词。先行词为the man，指人，排除which；连接代词在从句中作主语，排除 whose和whom。故本题选who。 --Do you know the man __is running along the street? --Yes. He is our English teacher. [长沙市] A. who B. which C. whom
[答案]A。[解析]考查定语从句。限制性定语从句，如果修饰人，一般用关系who，有时用 that(作主语时用who较多)。
三、考查关系副词where、when与why引导的定语从句
(1)关系副词where引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作地点状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示地点的名词。
（2）关系副词when引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作时间状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示时间的名词。
(3)关系副词why引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作原因状语，其修饰的名词必 须是表示原因的名词。
注：关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\"介词+ which\"结构，因此常常和\"介词+ which\"结构交替使用 其中where=in／at +which；when= on／at／during +which；why=for +which。 (1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear, I still remember the day when/on which I first came to the school.
(2) Great changes have taken place in the city where/in which I was born. (3) Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
(4) Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 【考例】 (2009•绵阳中考)Disney is an amusement park ___you can find a11 the normal attractions and Disney movies and characters．
A．which B．where C．that D ．when
答案：B点拨：此题考查定语从句。先行词为an amusement park指地点，故关系词用where。 四、对“介词+关系代词”的考查
当关系代词作介词宾语，且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时，介词可以提前，这样就出现“介词+关系代词”。先行词指物，用“介词+which”，指人则用“介词+whom\"，且两个关系代词均不能省略
注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等 (1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T) (2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F) 2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose
(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T) (2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F)
(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T) (4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F) 3.―介词+关系代词‖前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词
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(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. (2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. (3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. 五、定语从句与作定语的①动词不定式、②介词短语、③现在分词短语、④过去分词短语的转换：
She has much work that she must do.=She has much work to do.她有许多要做的工作。
The man in the car is Mr. Green.=The man who is in the car is Mr. Green.在车上的人是格林先生。 The girl watering flowers there is my sister.=The girl who is watering flowers there is my sister.在浇花的女孩是我妹妹。
The boy saved in the river has come back to life.= The boy who was saved in the river has come back to life.从河里救起的男孩苏醒过来了。 【语法过关】
1. --Do you like the pop singer?
--No, I prefer the singer __________can sing folk music.
A. who B. which C. where D. how 2．Do you know the young lady ____your mother is talking? A. with whom B. whom C. who D. which
3．The letter _______ I received from him yesterday is very important. A. that B. where C. what D. who 4．I hate people _______ talk much but do little. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
5．I'm looking at the photograph ___ you sent me with your letter. A. which B. whom C. who D. it
6．I hate people ___ don’t help others when they are in trouble. A．who B．which C．they 7． --Barbara, where do you work?
--I work for a company _____sells cars.
A. which B. where C. what D. who 8. Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it
9. I have bought two ballpens, _______ writes well.
A. neither of which B. none of them C. neither of them D. none of which 10. I like the second football match __________ was held last week. A. that B. who C. which D. /
练（一）
1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _______?
A. I spoke to B. to who spoke C. whom I spoke D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _______last month.
A. where they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. which they stayed
4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?
A. when B. that C. which D. on which 5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.
A. which B. on which C. in which D. when
6.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.
A. where B. that C. which D. there 7.This is one of the best films _______.
A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 8.Can you lend me the book ______the other day?
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A. about which you talked B. which you talked
C. about that you talked D. that you talked
9.The pen ______he is writing is mine.
A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which
10.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.
A. which B. who C. whom D. that
11.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old.
A. with whom B. on whom C. with which D. to whom
12.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country?
A. whose B. who's C. which D. who
13.I'm interested in ______you have said.
A. all that B. all what C. that D. which
14.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday.
A. as B. who C. what D. which
15.He isn't such a man ______he used to be.
A. as B. whom C. that D. who
16.He is good at English, ______we all know.
A. as B. that C. whom D. what
17.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much.
A. with whom I went B. I went with C. with who I went D.I went with him
18.I don't like ______ as you read.
A. such novels B. the such novels C. the novels D. same novels
19.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.
A. that B. which C. whom D. what
20.The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing.
A. who B. that C. whom D. which
21.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.
A. who;/ . /; who C. whom;/ D. /; whom
22.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.
A. its title B. whose title C. the title of it D. the title of that
23.Last summer we visited the West Lake, ______Hangzhou is famous in the world.
A. for that B. for which C. in which D. what
24.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.
A. which; when B. when; which C. what; that D. on which; when
25.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.
A. in which B. for which C. that D. with which
26.This machine, ______for many years, is still working perfectly.
A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked after C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after
27.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill.
A. that;why B. why; that C. for that;that D.for which;what
28.I have two grammars, ______are of great use.
A. all of which B. both of which C. both of that D. either of which
29.This is the magazine _______ I copied the paragraph.
A. that B. from which C. from that D. which
30. --- Did you ask the guard _______ happened?
--- Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.
A. what; what B. what; that C. which; which D. that; that
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初中英语三大主从复合句归纳复习卷（三）
初中英语状语从句及练习
用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句， 原因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。 1. 时间状语从句
(1)时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等从属连词来引导。例如： It was raining hard when got to school yesterday. While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang. As he walked along the lake, he sang happily.
He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China.
After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.
(2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如： I’ll ring you up as soon as I get to New York. I will tell him everything when he comes back.
He won’t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.
(3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到……时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到……才……‖, “在……以前不……‖, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如： The young man read till the light went out. Let’s wait until the rain stops.
We won’t start until Bob comes. Don’t get off until the bus stops. 2. 条件状语从句
(1)条件状语从句通常由从属连词if, unless引导。另外有as/ so long as 意为“只要” 另一个意思是“与…一样长（久）”该意思在否定句中，也可说成 (not) so long as ； only if其意为―只有在……条件下‖。它的语气比as/ so long as 要强一点 注意区别 only if 与 if only
if only常作为“要是……就好了或但愿…‖之意，此时多与虚拟语气连用。如： I will come only if you promise not to invite Mary. 只要你答应不请玛丽，我就来。
If only it clears up, we’ll go. 只要天晴，我们就去。
If only I hadn’t told him about it. 要是我没有告诉他这事就好了。 I'll stay as long as you need me.
例如： What shall we do if it snows tomorrow? Don’t leave the building unless I tell you to.
(2)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如： I’ll help you with your English if am free tomorrow. He won’t be late unless he is ill.
(3)―祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句‖ 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如： Hurry up, or you’ll be late.
=If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late. Study hard and you will pass the exam. =If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
Unless you work hard,you’ll never pass the final exam. 3. 原因状语从句
(1)原因状语从句通常由从属连词because, since, as引导。例如：
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He didn’t come to school because he was ill. As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo.
Since you can’t answer the question, I’ll ask someone else. (2)because表示直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用because。As和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如：
------Why aren’t going there? ------Because I don’t want to. As he has no car, he can’t get there easily. Since we have no money, we can’t buy it.
注意:(3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。 4. 结果状语从句
(1)结果状语从句由从属连词so…that, such…that, so that引导。例如： He is so poor that he can’t buy a bike for his son. She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her. My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldn’t see it. (2)so…that语such...that可以互换。例如： 在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是: “...so + 形容词（副词）+ that + 从句”。例如：
He was so glad that he couldn’t say a word. The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.
Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her.
在由such…that引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。例如：
It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything. He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.
He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term. 有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。例如：
It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again. =The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again. It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it. =The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it.
(3)如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词修饰时，只能用so, 不用such。例如： Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses. He has so little time that he can’t go to the cinema with you. 5. 比较状语从句
比较状语从句通常由从属连词as…as, 比较级 + than…等连词引导。例如： Tom runs faster than John does. This classroom is as big as that one. 6. 目的状语从句
(1)目的状语从句通常由从属连词 so that, in order that引导。例如： We started early so that we could catch the first train. He studies hard so that he could work better in the future. We used the computer in order that we might save time.
(2)so that既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：1)目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can, could, may, might等。2)从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如：
Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的状语从句) Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (结果状语从句)
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7. 让步状语从句
(1)让步状语从句通常由从属连词although, though,even if等连词引导。例如： Though he is young, he knows a lot.
Although I am tired, I must go on working.
Even if she doesn’t come on Sunday,I’ll go fishing by myself. 注意:(2)although(though)和but不能用在同一个句子中。 我们不能说：Though it was raining hard, but he still went out.
应该说：Though it was raining hard, he still went out.或It was raining hard, but he still went out. 8. 地点状语从句
地点状语从句常常由where来引导。例如：Where there is a will, there is a way. 【实例解析】
1. (2004年北京市海淀区中考试题)
You will stay healthy _______ you do more exercise, such as running and walking. A. if B. how C. before D. where
答案：A。该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。从句应是一个条件状语从句 2 ---Shall we go on working?--Yes, _________ I prefer to have a rest. A. when B. if C. because D. though
答案：D。该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。只有选though才能说得通。 3. None of us knew what had happened _________ they told us about it. A. when B. until C. after D. though
答案：B。该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词选择。本句的意思是“在……以前我们没人知道这件事。”要表达着一意思应用“not…until‖ 这一句型。 4 ---I hope you’ll enjoy your trip, dear!
---Thank you, mum. I’ll give you a call _________ I get there. A. until B. as soon as C. since D. till
答案：B。该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。本题的意思是“一到那里，我就给你打电话。”要表达这个意思应选用as soon as。 【中考演练】一. 单项填空
1. _______ he’s old, he can still carry this heavy bag. A. Though B. Since C. For D. So
2. ---Do you know if he _______ to play basket ball with us? ---I think he will come if he ______ free tomorrow.
A. will come; is B. comes; will be C. comes; is D. will come; will be
3. In the zoo if a child _____ into the water and can’t swim, the dolphins may come up ______ him. A. falls; to help B. will fall; to help C. will fall; help D. falls; helping
4. I don’t remember ________ he worked in that city when he was young. A. where B. which C. what D. who
5. We will stay at home if my aunt ________ to visit us tomorrow. A. comes B. come C. will come D. is coming
6. The police asked the children _______ cross the street ________ the traffic lights turned green. A. not to; until B. don’t; when C. not; before D. not; after
7. I was late for class yesterday _______ there was something wrong with my bike. A. because B. that C. until D. when
8. I’ll go swimming with you if I ________ free tomorrow. A. am B. shall be C. will be D. was
9. In the exam, the ________ you are, ______ the _______ mistakes you will make. A. more careful; fewer B. more careful; fewest C. careful; little D. more careful; less
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10. You should finish your lessons _______ you go out to paly. A. before B. after C. when D. while 11. I hurried _____ I wouldn’t be late for class. A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless
12. When you read the book, you’d better make a mark _______ you have any questions. A. which B. where C. that D. though
13. The teacher raised his voice _______ all the students could hear him. A. for B. so that C. because D. in order 14. He took off his coat _______ he felt hot. A. as B. because C. if D. since
15. It is ______ that we’d like to go out for a walk. A. a lovely day B. so lovely a day C. too lovely a day D. such lovely a day
16. Mary had ______ much work to do that she stayed at her office all day. A. such B. so C. too D. very
17. _______ I felt very tired, I tried to finish the work. A. Because B. Although C. As D. As if 18. ______ the day went on, the weather got worse. A. With B. As C. While D. Since
19. ______ well you can drive, you must drive carefully. A. So long as B. No matter how C. In order that D. The moment
20. Write to me as soon as you ________ to Beijing. A. will get B. get C. getting D. got 二. 根据中文意思完成下列英语句子
1. 不管他跟我开什麽玩笑，我都不生气。
I am not angry with him, _______ _______ ______ jokes he plays on me. 2. 布鲁斯太太对学生非常亲切，以至于学生把她当做母亲。
Mrs Bruce was _______ kind to her students ______ they ______ her _____ their mother. 3. 只要我们竭尽全力，父母就会满意我们的表现。
Our parents will be pleased with our performance _____ _____ ______ we try our best. 4. 你一到上海就给我打个电话好吗？
Will you please call me ______ ______ ______ you get to Shanghai. 5. 这个七岁的女孩酷爱钢琴，以至于他已经坚持练习两年了。
The seven-year-old girl likes playing the piano ______ ______ ______ she has kept practicing for two years.
6. 虽然她很忙，他还坚持自学英语。
_______ _______ ______ _______, she kept on learning English by herself. 7. 他长大后想当一名记者。
He wants to be a journalist ______ _______ _______ _______. 8. 无论刮风下雨，我们的老师总是第一个到校。
_______ _______ windy or rainy, our teacher is always the first to get to school. 9. 如果人人为保护环境做出贡献，世界将会变得更美好。
______ ______ ______ _____ _______ to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful.
10. 李明昨天没来上学，因为他病了。
Li Ming didn’t come to school _______ _______ ______ ______.
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动词的语态知识讲解
动词的语态---表示谓语与主语之间的关系的动词形式叫做语态，分为主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者 一、被动语态
结构:1.行为动词的被动语态: 助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词. be有人称.时态.数的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样.
一般现在时 am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词 一般过去时 was/were +及物动词的过去分词
一般将来时 will +be +及物动词的过去分词 现在完成时 have/has+been+及物动词的过去分词 2.情态动词的被动语态: 情态动词 + be +及物动词的过去分词 否定式:是在助动词 be 或情态动词后加not构成
疑问式:是把上述助动词或情态动词提到主语之前,句尾加问号构成. 用法: 1.不知道动作的执行者是谁,或没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者.
eg. The window was broken yesterday. Is English taught in your school? 2.强调或突出动作的承受者,此时如想同时指出动作的执行者,可用―by +动作执行者(宾格)来表示. eg.The red dress was made by her mother. The letter must be written by me.
注 意点： 1.只有及物动词能构成被动语态, 不及物动词不能构成被动语态. 2.某些不及物动词与介词.副词搭配构成短语动词,带有宾语时,则有了动作的承受者,这时应把它们看作一个整体,变为被动语态,不能丢掉其中的介词,常用的有look after,take care of,cut down, laugh at,talk about,turn on等 eg.Catherine always takes care of the little girl.→The little girl is always taken care of by Carherine.
3.有些动词短语本身即是被动语态的形式, 不要再加by 短语,常用的有
be covered with be surprised at be interested in be worried about be made of/from be known to 4.某些动词形式是主动语态,但含有被动的意思. eg. This dictionary sells well. This kind of car drives fast. The woolen sweater costs $ 88. 5.主动语态与被动语态的相互变化关系
主动句: 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语(动作执行者) (动作承受者)
被动句: 主语 +谓语动词的被动形式+ by + 动作执行者 (动作承受者) 1）主动句如何变为被动句
a.找到动作的承受者(常为主动句的宾语)作被动句的主语.b.找到谓语变为be + 过去分词的结构. c.找到动作的执行者(常为主动句的主语)作 by 的宾语.若不必指出动作的执行者,可省去 by 短语. d.确定be动词的时态.数. 例如: She makes the beautiful kites. The beautiful kites are made by her. (被动句)
2）被动句如何变为主动句. a.找到动作的执行者(常为被动句的宾语)作主动句的主语. b.找到be+过去分词结构还原为及物动词原形.
c.找到动作的承受者(常为被动句的主语)作主动句的宾语.
d.确定及物动词的时态.数(注意)在以上转换中,代词作主语用主格, 代词作宾语用宾格.
6.主动语态中有些动词如:make,see,listen, watch,feel后常跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,变为被动语态要带上to
He made the boy work for him. →The boy was made to work for him.
7.主动语态中若有双宾语,变为被动语态时, 通常把指人的间接宾语变为被动语态的主语. His uncle gave him a dictionary yesterday.→He was given a dictionary by his uncle yesterday.
英语语态强化训练题 一、选择题
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1.Hong Kong A. knows A.is passed
to be a good place for eating today.
B. knew C. is known D. was known
B.passes
C.had passed D.was passed C.will finish
2.Last month a new law______in China to stop people from smoking in public places. 3.A new factory is being built in Neijiang.I hope it_____at the end of this year. A.will be finished B.finishes 4.—Can you sing this English song?
--Of course,I can.It______many times on the radio. A.taught
B.has taught
C.is taught
D.has been taught
5.A Disneyland Park（迪斯尼乐园）__________in Shanghai Pudong New Area in the near future. A.builds
B.has built
C.will build
D.will be built
6. –I want to teach in Tibet when I graduate from the college. --Me too.Teachers __________very much there. A. need A.was built
B. are needing
C. are needed
7.Another new railway station ________in Changsha in 2011.
B.build
C.will be built
8.—Look,what an old palace!It looks so great! --Yeah ,it________nearly 800 years ago. A.was building B.was built
C.has built
D.is built
9.—Which sport are you in at the school sports meeting?
--No decision yet.I think it ______after discussing with my PE teacher,Mr.Yuan. A.will be decided
B.will decide
C.was decided D.is decided
10.—Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start. —I ’m sorry, but I ______ when to leave.
A. don’t tell B. didn’t well C. wasn’t told 11. The girl was often heard happily in her room. A. sing
B. to sing
C. singing
D. sings
12. It is reported that more new teaching buildings _________ in our school in the next term. A. will be built B. was built C. has built D. will build
13. It is reported that more new teaching buildings _________ in our school in the next term. A. will be built B. was built C. has built D. will build 14. The sick boy _________ to hospital by the police yesterday. A. is taken B. was taken C. takes D. took 15.–It’s difficult for the village children to cross the river for school.
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-I think a bridge _________ over the river.
A. was built B. is being built C. has been built D. should be built 16. -David, turn off the TV________ no one is watching it. -But it ________ off already! The music is from the radio. A. so that, has been turned B. when, has turned C. if, has been turned D. because, has turned 17. Usually John to school in his father’s beautiful car.
A. has taken B. is taking C. is taken D. has been taken 18. Don’t put off today’s work for tomorrow. I mean, today’s work _________ today. A. may do B. must do C. may be done D. must be done 19. -Look, what an old palace! It looks so great! -Yeah, it ________ nearly 800 years ago. A. was building B. was built
C. has built
D. is built
20. Don’t discuss the problems with your partner unless you _________ to do so. A. ask B. are asked C. will ask D. will be asked 21. -Do you plant trees in spring?
-Yes. Many trees _______ in our city every year. A. are planting B. are planted C. were planted 22. -What’s wrong with your uncle, Jack? -He is ill. A doctor ________.
A. has to look for B. is being operated on C. must ask for D. has just been sent for 23. -There is a lot of wind in North China.
-Well, more trees every year to stop the wind. A. must be planted B. can planted C. should planted 24. -Some of the plastic bags can’t ________ after June 1st. -Yes, people will use environmental bags instead.
A. use B. be use C. be used D. are used 25 -Mary was heard ________ just now. What happened? -John was telling a joke.
A. cry B. to cry C. laugh D. to laugh 26.The grand buildings _________ in two years. A. were built B. are built C. will be built 二、填空题
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1. What he said was already (记录) by the police. 2. How to protect ourselves should ________ (教) at school. 4. -Let’s go and play tennis.
-I’d love to. But my tennis shoes are w_________ out.
5. More trees and flowers should _________ (plant) to make our hometown beautiful. 6. The boy (take) to hospital at once after he fell off the tree.
7. We hope that more charity shows (hold) to raise money for Project Hope. 8. The man was badly hurt in the accident and he _________ (send) to hospital immediately. 9. I don’t think students should be ________ (allow) to go out on school nights. 10. Usually the thunder _________ (hear) after the lighting.
11. On May 12th, 2008, sichuan ________ (hit) by a strong earthquake which killed many people and distroyed many buildings.
12.Today, to hold the Olympic Games ________ (consider) as a rich prize for a country. 13.Yesterday, she ________ (make) finish all the work in a short time by the boss.
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句子种类专题
引言：※句子的分类。根据语气（用途）可分为：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
根据结构可分为：简单句、并列句和复合句。
【考点直击】
中考对句子的考查主要集中在以下几个方面： 1. 陈述句的构成形式及基本用法； 2. 祈使句的构成形式及基本用法；
3. 一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句的构成形式及基本用法； 4. 由what, how引导的感叹句的构成形式、用法及区别
概念： ※简单句是只包括一个主谓结构的句子。
※并列句是包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子，句子之间常用并列连词连接。常见
的连词有and, but, or, so等。
主语：
谓语： 宾补[ ] 一、常见的五种基本句型。
1. Ｓ＋Ｖ，主谓，谓语动词一般为不及物动词； 宾语： ①The bus stopped. 表语： S Vi
② Tom has arrived.
2. Ｓ＋Ｖ＋Ｐ，主谓（系）表，谓语动词一般为连系动词；
（表语可以是名词，形容词，动词不定式、动名词短语、介词短语或句子等）。 ★ 连系动词主要有：be(am, is, are), look(看起来), sound（听起来）, smell（闻起来）, taste
（尝起来）, feel（感到，摸起来）；stay/keep(保持)；seem(好像，似乎). turn/get/become/grow(变得); appear(呈现)：appear red ①The skirt looks beautiful. S V P
② she is a student.
③ My dream is to be a teacher.
3.Ｓ＋Ｖ＋DO，主谓宾，谓语动词一般为及物动词，如果是不及物动词，后面要跟介词
再接宾语；
①I like English. S V DO ②She likes watching TV. ③She wants to go shopping.
④Tom gets to school at 6:00am. ⑤Tom often laughs at me. ⑥Jim is making a kite.
4.Ｓ＋Ｖ＋DＯ＋OC，主谓宾补，宾语补足语可以是形容词、名词、动词不定式等. ①I find English [easy]. S V DO OC ②They keep their eyes [closed]. ③She asked me [to go shopping]. ④She makes me [laugh].
⑤I wish you [a good holiday] ⑥I find Tom [a clever boy].
⑦I can hear Tom [singing an English song].
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5. Ｓ＋Ｖ＋ＩＯ＋ＤＯ，主谓双宾，接双宾语的动词有buy, give, show, tell, teach, offer,
provide等。一般物为直接宾语（DO），人为间接宾语（IO）。 (give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. )
(buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb.)
①She gave me a pen. S V IO DO ②She buy me a pen. 二、常见的并列句：
(1) 用来连接两个并列概念的连接词有and , not only…but also…, neither…nor…,
as well as等,and所连接的前后分句往往表示平行关系、顺接关系、对照关系、先后关系、递进关系。前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。
①He likes playing football and he plays well.他喜欢踢足球，并且踢得很好。 ②Hurry up, and you will catch the early bus. ③as well as是英语中常用的连接词(并列连词)，侧重于前项。 The child is lively as well as healthy. 这孩子既健康又活泼。 = The child is not only lively but also healthy. (2) 表示在两者之间选择一个, 常用的连接词有or, otherwise, either…or…等,前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。 ①Now you can have a rest or you can go to the cinema．（or译为：或者） ②Hurry up, or you will miss the early bus. （or译为：否则） (3) 表明两个概念彼此有矛盾、相反或者转折, 常用的连接词有but, yet, still ,however,
while(而)等,前后分句时态一致。 ①It has no mouth, but it can talk.
它没有嘴巴，但是它会说话。（前后彼此矛盾，表示转折） ②School is over, yet all the teachers are still working. 学校放学了，可是老师们仍然在工作。（前后彼此矛盾，表示转折） ③He wants to be a writer, while I want to be a scientist.
他想当作家，而我则想当科学家。（前后不矛盾，只是表示转折）
(4) 说明原因或理由, 用连接词for ,前后分句时态一致。
He has many good friends, for he is an honest man。
他有许多好朋友，因为他是个诚实的男子汉。
(5) 表示结果,用连接词so, 前后分句时态一致。
Mr. Li went to his hometown, so Mr. Wang was taking his class instead．
李老师回家乡去了，所以王老师代他的课。
三、反意疑问句：
反意疑问句表示对陈述句所说的事实提出相反的疑问,要求对方用“yes”或“no”来进行回答。
1) 构成：由两部分组成：前一部分是陈述句,后一部分是疑问句,它是由be ,have, 助动词
或情态动词+主语构成。如果陈述句是肯定结构,反意疑问句须用否定结构；反之,陈述句如果是否定结构,反意疑问句须用肯定结构。反意疑问句的两部分,必须保持人称和时态的一致；反意疑问句的回答有时会和汉语不同。 陈述句部分 肯定陈述句 否定陈述句
附加问句部分 否定的简短一般问句 肯定的简短一般问句 38
注 意 点 当陈述句部分含有“是”动词、(“有”动词)、情态动词和助动词时,简短问句中沿用该词；否则就使用do/does//did.
如：①He is old, isn’t he? (他老了不是吗？)
②Your father went to Japan, didn’t he? (你爸爸去了日本，不是吗？) ③He isn’t old, is he? (他不老是吗？)
④He seldom plays football, does he? (他很少踢足球，是吗？)
★⑤Tom has been to Japan, hasn’t he?
比较：Tom has to do housework, doesn’t he? ⑥There is little water, is there? ⑦Kate hardly speaks Chinese, does she? ⑧Please open the door, will you? ★(除Let’s外的祈使句的反意疑问句用will you) ⑨Let us go swimming, will you? ⑩Let’s go swimming, shall we? ★(Let’s开头的祈使句的反意疑问句用:shall we)
⑽Everyone is here, aren’t they ? (everyone 指人) ⑾Everything is ready, isn’t it? （everything指物) ⑿I don’t think Tom has done that, has he?
(主要看宾语从句：I/we think/believe 引导宾从时否定前移)
⒀She thinks Tom hasn’t done that, doesn’t she? (只要看主句) 2) 反意问句的回答：
无论哪种形式的反意问句,回答时要遵循：“Yes,+肯定式”或者“No,+否定式”
如：① ——The man went away, didn’t he?(那人走开了,不是吗？)
——Yes, he did.(是的,他走了。)/ No, he didn’t.(不,他没有走。) ② ——Tom didn’t go there, did he?(Tom没去那里,是吗？)
——Yes, he did.(不,他去了。)/ No, he didn’t.(是的,他没去。)
四、选择疑问句：提出两种或两种以上情况,需要对方作出选择回答的疑问句叫
选择疑问句。 1) 构成：(1)一般疑问句 + or + 第二选项？ (2) 特殊疑问句 + 第一选项(+ 第二选项)+ or + 第三选项？ 2) 选择疑问句的结构与特殊疑问句相同,即要具体回答,不可以用yes / no回
答。如：
①Is your friend a boy or a girl? –A girl.
②Which do you prefer, coffee or tea? –Tea, please.
③Which do you like best, singing, dancing or skating? --Dancing, of course.
五、祈使句的构成形式及基本用法： 祈使句是用来表示命令、请求、建议、号召等的句子，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号―！‖或句号―.‖。朗读时一般用降调。 它的主语you往往不说出。
▲祈使句的肯定式： 动词(原形) + 其他
如：①Please give me a hand. (请帮忙)
②Shut up! (住嘴！) ▲ 祈使句的否定式：Don’t +动词原形 + 其他
如：①Please don’t talk in low voices. (请不要低声讲话。)
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② Don’t look back! (不要掉头看。)
[注意] 以“let’s”引出的祈使句的否定结构,“not”应放在“let’s”后面。 如：③Let’s not trouble him. (我们不要打扰他。) 肯定祈使句前可以用助动词来强调语气。
如：④Please do help me! (请千万帮帮我。)（do起强调作用）
▲ 在祈使句中，Let’s和 Let us是有区别的。Let’s包括听话者，而Let us不包括听话者在内。这点从反意疑问句时可明显看出。
Let’s go skating, shall we?（表示内部的建议） Let us try again, will you?（表示向别人发出请求）
▲ please用在祈使句中可以表示一种客气的语气，但please用在句末时，必须
用逗号与其余部分分开。
Open the window, please.
▲ Let引导祈使句时，后面需跟上人称代词或称呼语，人称代词一般只用第一、
第三人称。
Let Jack wait a minute. Let’s go to school.
▲ 否定祈使句通常以Don’t或Never开头。其结构通常是：―Don’t(Never)+动词原形+其他成分‖ 例如： Don’t do that again!
Never leave today’s work for tomorrow! Don’t be late next time!
▲注意祈使句在复合句和其它一些情况下看作将来时： ⑤ Please call me when she comes back. (主将从现) ⑥ -----Don’t bring it here tomorrow. ---OK, I won’t.
六、感叹句：感叹句是表示喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊异等感情的句子。句末用感叹号―！‖，读时用降调，感叹句往往由what或how引导，what修饰名词，how修饰形容词，副词或动词。
1.what感叹名词。对含有形容词的名词短语感叹的结构通常是：
★What + (a /an) + (形容词) +名词+ 陈述句结构(主谓语) , ⑪感叹可数名词单数。 如：①What a kind girl ||(she is)! (她是多么善良的一个女孩啊！)
②What a tall tree || (it is)! (它是多高的一棵树啊！)
⑫感叹可数名词复数。 如：①What kind girls ||(they are)! (她们是多么善良的女孩啊！)
②What tall trees || (they are)! (它们是多高的树啊！)
⑬感叹不可数名词。
如：①What delicious food || (it is)!
②What bad/good weather || (it is )!
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③What good news || (it is) ! ④What useful information || (it is) ! ⑤What good advice || (it is) ! ⑥What hard work ||(it is)!
⑦What great fun || (they had) ! (have fun词组)
◎特例：What a good time || (they are having) ! (have a good time词组)
★技巧: what引导的感叹句中的形容词后肯定直接有一个名词.
2.how对形容词或副词进行感叹： ★结构通常是：How + 形容词/副词 + 陈述句结构(主谓语) , 用来强调句子中的形容词、副词或动词。
⑪how感叹形容词时，可以与what 感叹句相互转化。 ①How kind || the girl is! (那个女孩多么善良啊！)
②How tall || the tree is ! (那棵树多高啊！)
⑫how感叹副词时，不可以与what 感叹句相互转化。 ①How carefully || the old man walks! (这老人走路真小心！) ②How beautifully ||Lily is singing!
▲有时,陈述句、祈使句、疑问句、一个词或词组,也带有一定的感情色彩,也可以成为感叹句,此时未必使用感叹句型。He is sitting on a tiger’s back! (他坐在老虎的背上！) / A nice shot! (漂亮一击！) / Good goal! (好球！)
（3）How+陈述句（主语+谓语） How he loves his son!
How I miss you!
（4）How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+陈述句（主语+谓语） How tall a tree it is!
（5）上述两种感叹句可以互相转换。例如：
What a clever boy he is!→How clever the boy is! What a cold day it is!→How cold it is!
（七） 陈述句的构成形式及基本用法 1. 陈述句：
陈述句是用来陈述一个事实或表达说话人看法（包括肯定和否定）的句子。
通常用降调，句末用句号―.‖。 Tom has a new car.
The flower isn’t beautiful. 2. 陈述句否定式的构成
(1) 如果肯定陈述句的谓语部分含有助动词、情态动词或连系动词be，则只需在
这些动词后加not即可构成否定式。
He is playing the guitar.（肯定）
He is not playing the guitar.（否定）
We can get there before dark.（肯定）
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We can’t get thee before dark.（否定）
(2) 如果陈述句的谓语动词是实义动词，而其中又没有情态动词或助动词时，则
需根据人称和时态在该实义动词前加don’t, doesn’t或didn’t。同时把该实义动词变为原形。
He plays the violin well.（肯定）
He doesn’t play the violin well.（否定） She won the game.（肯定）
She didn’t win the game.（否定）
句中如果有some要变为any。例如：
There is some water in the cup. →There is not any water in the cup.
(3) 除not以外，否定词no, never, nothing, nobody, few等也可构成否定句。例
如：
There is something wrong with his bike. →There is nothing wrong with his bike. I have seen the film. →I have never seen the film.
（八） 一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句的构成形式及基本用法 1. 一般疑问句：
（1）一般疑问句的肯定形式
一般疑问句一般是指以助动词、情态动词、be动词或have（有）开始，
通常要求以yes，或no来回答的疑问句，一般疑问句读时通常用升调。
Do you know Mr. Smith? Can you swim?
（2）一般疑问句的否定结构 ① 在一般疑问句的否定结构中，把副词not放在一般疑问句的主语之后。但
如果用not的简略形式-n’t，则须将-n’t与一般疑问句句首的be, have，助动词或情态动词写在一起。在实际运用中，一般都采用简略式。
Are you not a football fan? Aren’t you a football fan? Will she not like it? Won’t she like it? ② 与汉语不同的是，英语一般疑问句否定结构的答语是否定还是肯定，全由
答语的否定或肯定来决定。若答语是肯定的，则用yes加肯定结构；若答语是否定的，则用no加否定结构。
Aren’t you a football fan? 你不是足球迷吗？
Yes, I am. No, I am not.
Won’t she like it? Yes, she will. No, she won’t. 2. 特殊疑问句
特殊疑问句由―疑问代词或疑问副词+一般疑问句‖构成，句子一般用倒装语序，但如果主语是疑问代词或由疑问代词修饰时，用陈述句的语序。特殊疑问句
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不能用yes或no回答，读时用降调。例如： Who is on duty today?
How long have you been in Beijing? What time do you get up every morning? What must I do now?
常用的特殊疑问句 询问内容 疑问词或句型 例 句 What is your father? what 职业，身份 who 姓名或关系 相貌特征 what…like? 目的 原因 天气 what…for? why Who is that boy? What is she like? What does she look like? What did they come here for? Why did they come here? How is the weather today? What is the weather like today? What dolor is her skirt? What size does he wear? What time is it? What day is today? What is the date today? How old is he? 回 答 He is a doctor. He is Jack. He is my brother She is beautiful. To attend a meeting. Because they have a meeting to attend. It’s fine. It’s red. He wars 40. It’s 7:30. It’s Tuesday. It’s May 2. He is 38. how what…like? 颜色 what color…？ 服装尺寸 what size 几点钟 what time 星期几 what day what is the date…? 几号，日期 年龄（多大） how old 持续多长时how long 间（多久） 长度（多长） how long 距离（多远） how far How long have you been here? For five months. How long is the bridge? How far is it from here to the zoo? It’s 500 metres. It’s 6 kilometres. 频度 how often How often do you come back? Once a week. （多经常） 时间经过 how soon How soon will she arrive? In an week. （多快） 数量 how many（可数名词） How many jackets do you have? Three. Two cups. （多少） how much（不可数名词） How much coffee do you want? How much is it? 价格 how much Five dollars. How much does it cost? How tall is she? She’s 1.73 metres. 高度 how tall（人，树） It’s 450 metres. （多高） how high（山，建筑物） How high is the tower?
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3. 选择疑问句：
选择疑问句是说话者提出两种或两种以上的不同情况，让对方选择回答的疑问句。其结构是―疑问句+选择部分‖。选择部分由or连接，or前面的部分读升调，or后面的部分读降调。
选择疑问句不能用yes或no回答，而必须具体的选择答复。 Is your bag yellow or black? It’s black.。
Would you like some tea or coffee? Either will do.。
Which do you like better, singing or dancing? I like dancing better.
4. 反意疑问句：
反意疑问句是指在陈述句之后附加一个意思与之相反的简短问句，问对方是
否赞同的疑问句。附加问句的否定式必须缩写。
（1）肯定的陈述句后跟否定的附加问句，否定的陈述句后跟肯定的附加问句。 I am your teacher, aren’t I? He didn’t study hard, did he?
（2）如果陈述句中含有否定副词never（从不，决不），hardly（几乎不）或其
他表示否定代词或形容词，如nothing, none no one, nobody, neither, few, little等，则附加问句只能用肯定式。如：
They hardly write to each other, do they? He has found nothing, has he?
Few people knew the secret, did they?
（3）当反意疑问句是―否定陈述句+肯定附加问句‖时，英语与汉语的回答习惯存
在差异。英语回答时只看实际情况，若答语的具体内容是肯定的就用―Yes+肯定结构‖，答语的具体内容是否定的就用―No+否定结构‖，而译成汉语时，则必须把yes译―不是‖，把no译成―是的‖。
---You won’t be away for long, will you? 你不会离开太久，是吗？ ---Yes, I will.不，我会离开很久。
---No, I won’t.是的，我不会离开很久。
---I don’t think she’ll come by bike, will she? 我认为她不会骑自行车，会吗？ ---Yes, she will.不，她会骑自行车来。
---No, she won’t.是的，她不会骑自行车来。
【实例解析】
1. (2004年上海徐汇区中考试题) _________ useful computer it is!
A. What B. What a C. What an D. How
答案：B。该题考查的是感叹句的结构。这个感叹句的中心词是一单数可数名词computer, 所以要用what来修饰，又因为useful第一个发音是辅音，what之后的不定冠词用a,而不用an。 2. (2004年嘉兴市中考试题)
---________ is it from Jiaxing to Hangzhou?
---I’m not sure, but it takes about ninety minutes to get there by bus.
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A. How many B. How often C. How much D. How far
答案：D。该题考查的是特殊疑问句疑问词的选择。问话者是在问距离，所以应用how far来提问。
3. (2004年河北省中考试题)
---_______ will it take us to get there by bus? ---About two hours.
A. How soon B. How often C. How long D. How quick
答案：C。该题考查的是特殊疑问句疑问词的选择。问话者是在问时间，所以应用how long来提问。
4. (2004年长沙市中考试题)
---Help! There is a snake near the house. ---________ afraid. It will go away later. A. Don’t B. Not C. Don’t be D. Be
答案：C。该题考查的是祈使句的结构。祈使句的否定结构是：―Don’t(Never)+动词原形+其他成分‖ 符合这一要求的只有C。
【中考演练】
一. 单项填空
1. ---Excuse me, _______ is the nearest bookshop?
---Go down the street and turn left at the second corner. A. how B. what C. where D. who
2. ---______ is it from our school to the Bell Tower?
---About half an hour’s bus ride. Shall we go and visit it? A. How long B. How often C. How far D. How much 3. ---Linda had nothing for breakfast this morning, _______? ---No. She got up too late.
A. had she B. hadn’t she C. did she D. didn’t she 4. ---The room is so dirty. ______ we clean it? ---Of course.
A. Will B. Would C. Do D. Shall 5. ---__________, sir? ---Size 41, I think
A. What size do you need B. What can I do for you
C. How do you like this shirt D. What’s the matter with you 6. ---_______ good weather! Why not go out for a walk? A. What B. How C. What a D. How a 7. ---It’s a nice car. ______ have you been in it? ---Just to Shanghai.
A. How much B. How long C. How soon D. How far 8. ---_______ to the United States?
---No, never, but I went to Canada a few years ago.
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A. Have you been B. Have you gone C. Did you go D. Will you go
9. ---_______ were you away from school last year? ---About two weeks.
A. How often B. How soon C. How long D. When 10. ---______ do you want?
---I want a CD of popular songs.
A. Which CD B. How many CDs C. What CD D. How much
11. _______ is your mother, a teacher or a doctor? A. What B. Which C. Who D. whose 12. ---______ is your mother today, Jim? ---She is much better.
A. How B. What C. Where D. How old 13. ---______he ______ at this school last term? ---Yes, I think so.
A. Did…study B. Does…study C. Was…study D. Did…studied 14. ---_______ did you begin to learn English? ---Three years ago.
A. When B. Why C. Where D. What 15. ---________ do you write to your pen-friend? ---Once a week.
A. How long B. How soon C. How far D. How often 16. _______ nice flowers! Where did you pick them? A. How B. What C. What a D. How a
17. The sick man is allowed to take a walk in the garden every day, _______? A. is he B. isn’t he C. has he D. hasn’t he
18. ______ cross the road before the traffic lights turn green. A. Not B. Won’t C. Don’t D. Doesn’t 19. He found nothing in the room, _________? A. doesn’t he B. does he C. didn’t he D. did he
20. You haven’t changed your mind, ________? A. do you B. are you C. have you D. did you
二. 句型转换（按要求改写下列句子）
1. Bruce bought a dictionary yesterday. (改为否定句) Bruce ________ ________ a dictionary yesterday.
2. Mr. Smith does morning exercises every day. (改为一般疑问句) ________ Mr. Smith ______ morning exercises every day?
3. Allan will go back to England by plane next month. (就划线部分提问) ________ _______ Allan go back to England next month?
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4. There are some apples on the table. (改为否定句) There _______ _______ apples on the table.
5. When she sees you, she will tell you the news(就划线部分提问) _______ ______ she tell you the news?
6. Uncle Wang likes making things. (改写为否定句) Uncle Wang _______ _______ making things.
7. Ann returned the book to the library yesterday. (改为一般疑问句) ________ Ann _______ the book to the library yesterday? 8. Our city is very beautiful. (改为感叹句) _______ _______ our city is!
9. He has worked in this school for five years. (就划线部分提问) _______ _______ has he worked in this school? 10. Both of them are my best friends. (改为否定句) _______ of them _______ my best friend.
11. They are happy to see each other. (改为感叹句) _______ ______ they are to see each other! 12. The exam begins at nine. (改为一般疑问句) ________ the exam _______ at nine?
13. He was playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon. (就划线部分提问) ______ ______ he ______ at four yesterday afternoon? 14. He had nothing for breakfast. (改为反意疑问句) He had nothing for breakfast ______ _______?
15. She doesn’t think I can surf on the Internet. (改反意疑问句) She doesn’t think I can surf on the Internet, _______ _______? 16. He’s put the tree in the hole? (改为一般疑问句) ______ he ______ the tree in the hole? 17. How useful the book is! (改为陈述句) It is ______ ______ useful book.
18. The population of Australia is about 19,500,000. (就划线部分提问) _______ ______ population of Australia?
19. The meeting will start in ten minutes. (就划线部分提问) _______ ______ will the meeting start?
20. Don’t tell him to come to my office. (改为肯定的祈使句) ______ ______ to come to my office.
三. 句子翻译:根据所给汉语完成英语句子，每空一词。 1. 我母亲通常在星期日打扫卫生，洗衣服。
My mother usually _________ some cleaning and __________ on Sundays. 2. 在今晚的聚会上我们肯定会玩得痛快。
We’re __________ to have __________ at the party this evening. 3. 你看明天有可能结束这项工作吗?
Do you think _________ ________to finish the work tomorrow? 4. 你怎样与你的邻居相处好?
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________can you get on well ________ your neighbours? 5. 西安的新变化使参观者们感到惊奇。
The _________ are __________ at the new changes in Xi’an. 6. 天冷了，请穿上暖和的衣服。
It’s cold. Please _______ _______ warm clothes. 7. 爱迪生在小时候就对科学感兴趣。
Edison _______ _______ _______ science even when he was a small boy. 8. 尽管他失败了很多次，但他没有灰心。
Even though he had failed many times, he didn’t _______ ________. 9. 无论发生什么事情，我都会和你在一起。 ___________happens, I’ll be with you. 10.楼上的噪音害得我整晚无法入睡。
The noises upstairs made me not able to _______ _______all night.
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