【考点点击】：
1. 引导状语从句的从属连词的用法
2. 表示条件、时间、原因等意义的状语从句的用法。 3. 并列句的选词 并列句
一、定义：用并列连词连接起来的两个或两个以上的简单句叫作并列句。其构成为：简单句+并列连词+简单句 二、并列句的种类
1. 表示顺承、并列、递进关系的连词及并列句 and “和‟both…and….”“···和···两个都”,as well as “也”；not only…but also….”“不但···而且···”等。
My mother bought me a dress, and I like it very much.
2.表示转折或对比关系的连词及并列句。but “但是”. yet “然而”;while “而”. Lucy likes red while Luly likes white.
3.表示选择关系的连词及并列句:either……or………” “要么….要么”连接主语时,采用就近原则。Or “或者”,还可以表示“否则”。Study hard, or you „ll fail the exam. 4.表示因果关系的连词及并列句：so 意为“所以，因此”，表示因果关系。 Ann was ill so she didn‟t ho to shool. for:意为“因为”，也表示因果关系。I have to stay up late, for I have lots of homework to do. 5. and 和or用于否定句中的区别
（1）当列举成分是主语，又在否定词之前时，用and 连接，当列举成分在否定词之后时，用or 构成完全否定。Lucy and Lily can‟t speak Chinese. I can‟t sing or dance. (2) 在否定句中，如果所连接的两部分都有否定词，那么用and, 而不用or. There is no water and no air on the moon. 状语从句
一、定义： 在句子中作状语的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句都是由从属连词引导的。它与主句链接，位于句首时，常用逗号分开，位于句末时，其前一般不用逗号。状语从句根据其用途可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因
状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句九种。 二、状语从句的分类 （一）、时间状语从句 1.when的用法
（1） when 意为“当···时”、“在···之后”，引导时间状语从句，表示主句
的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。When you are crossing the street, you must be careful. Call me when you are finished.
（2） When 引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以用延续性动词，也可以用终止性
动词。He was working at the table when I went in. I worked for a foreign company when I was in Shanghai. 2.while的用法
While 引导时间状语从句常译为“与···同时，在···期间”。While 引导的从句中的动词常用延续性动词或表示状态的动词。They rushed in while we wre discussing problems. You can go swimming while I‟m having lunch.
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3.as的用法
as引导时间状语从句时可以表达：“正当、一边···一边，随着”等意思。 ①表示某事一发生，另一事随即发生。As the sun rose the f.og disappeared.
②表示某事发生的过程中另一事发生。 I heard the their voices as I crossed the hall. As he was speaking there was a loud explosion.
③表示两个动作同时发生。 He smiled as he passed. As she sang, tears rolled down her cheeks 4.before 的用法
before 引导的时间状语从句，通常表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前，反之则用after. She left a message before she went. Please turn off the lights before you leave the classroom. 5.until \ill的用法
①until\ill 引导时间状语从句，主句的谓语动词是延续性动词时，主句用肯定形式表示这一动作或状态一直延续到until\ill 所表示的时间为止。till 和until 都表示“直到”，常可换用，但till不用于句首，也不可用于强调句。You may stay here until the rain stops.
②主句谓语动词是非延续性动词时，用否定形式表示主句的谓语所表示的动作直到until 所表示的时间才发生。构成句式not….until….., 有时不用not,而用其他如never, nothing 等表示否定的词。He didn‟t go to bed until he had finished his work. Usually , we don‟t know how important something is until we lose it. 6.since的用法
Since 引导的时间状语从句，表示“自···以来”， 主句用一般现在时或现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。I have worked for this company since I graduated. We have been good friends since we joined the sang ping-pong team. 7as soon as 的用法
As soon as 引导的从句表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，常译为“一···就···”。 该从句经常用一般现在时表示将来。As soon as he arrive,I‟ll tell him. I will go to the cinema as soon as I finish my homework. 8.by the time的用法
这个词组常用来指到某一时间为止，主句常用完成时态。By the time he was 12,he had travelled to more than 30 countries to get his disease cured. 9. each time,every time, whenever的用法
Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me. Every time I hear that song I feel happy. Whenever she comes,she brings a friend.
（二）地点状语从句
在句中作地点状语的从句称为地点状语从句，可置于句首或句尾。 1. 用法详解
引导地点状语从句的常用词有where, wherever. He lives where the climate is cool. Where there is a will, there is a way.
[小贴士]：定语从句是用来修饰一个名词的。关系副词where 引导定语从句时，先行词应该是一个表示地点的名词，定语从句用来说明那是一个什么样的地点，而从属连词where 引导的地点状语从句则是用来修饰句子的谓语动词的，用来
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说明那个动作发生的地点。This is the house where I lived two years ago. Sit where I can see you.
（三） 原因状语从句
在句子中作原因状语的从句称为原因状语从句。原因状语从句可置于句首，也可置于句尾。引导词有because, since, as, 1. because的用法
表示因果关系的语气最强，用来回答wh的问句，所引出的原因往往是听话人所不知道或最感兴趣的， because引导的原因状语从句往往比主句显得更重要。 I‟m leave because I am afraid of the boss. I didn‟t go to your party because my mother was ill. 2. since的用法
表示人们已知的事实，不需要强调的原因，故常译成“既然···。”通常放在句首。 Since 引导的从句是次要的，重点强调主句的内容。Since everyone is here,let‟s get started. Since Monday is Bob‟s birthday, let‟s give him a party. Since you can’t help me, I’ll find someone else 3. as的用法
as与since 用法差不多，所引出的理由在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉而不需要用 because加以强调。as引导的从句与主句同等重要。She didn‟t hear us come in as she was asleep. I left a message as you weren‟t there. 【 小贴士】:because, as, since 的用法区别
①Because 语气最强，用来回答 why 引起的提问，可表示已知或未知的事实。它可和强调词only, just 及否定词not 连用，所引导的从句常位于主句之后，只有强调时才置于主句之前。②as语气最弱，较口语化。所表达的原因比较明显或是已知的事实，故不需要强调。 As之前不可用强调词和not, 且不可用于强调结构。as 从句多置于主句之前。③since 的语气也较弱。常表示对方已知的事实，相当于汉语的“既然”，它和as一样，其前不可用强调词和not,也不可用于强调结构。
[知识拓展]：for和上述三个从属连词不同，它是一个并列连词，用来连接并列句。它有时可用来作附加说明，为前面的事实提供一种推断的理由。一般吧for 引起的从句放在主句之后。We should be more careful, for it is already dark.
（四）目的状语从句
在句中作目的状语的从句称为目的状语从句。目的状语从句可置于句首或句尾。常用引导词有so that, in order that, 谓语中常含有may, might, can, could, will, would等情态动词。He must get up early so that he can go to work on time.
[小贴士]：当从句主语与主句主语一致时，可用so as to, in order to.He worked day and night in order that he could succeed.---He worked day and night in order to succeed.
（五）结果状语从句
在句子中做结果状语的从句称为结果状语从句，一般置于句尾。常用的引导词有 so…that…, such…that….
So…that…的用法：[so+ adj.\\adv. ，So +many\\few +可数名词的复数，so +much
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\\little +不可数名词 ，so +adj. + a\\an +可数名词单数]+ that从句。
Mary is so lovely a girl that we all like to play with her.=Mary is such a lovely girl that we all like to play with her.
such…that….的用法：[such+ a\\an +adj.+ 可数名词单数，such +adj. + 可数名词复数， such +adj. +不可数名词]+ that +从句。These were such difficult questions that none of us could answer. 【小贴士】：①当名词前面有many,much,little,few,修饰时，用so 而不用such.②so„that„ 句型的否定句形式可用简单句too„to„或not„enough to„代替。
（六）条件状语从句
在句子中作条件状语的从句的从句称为条件状语从句。条件状语从句可置于句首， 也可置于句尾，有时还可置于主语和谓语之间。 条件状语从句通常有if, as long as,unless 来引导。 【小贴士】：①口诀：主祈从现，主将从现，主情从现
If it snows tomorrow,we will build a snowman. We will stay at home if it rains tomorrow. We can‟t avoid traffic accidents unless everyone follows the rules. as long as we show our love,the world will be full of happiness.
②如果if 引导的条件状语从句所表达的前提或条件将来可以实现或正在进行，动词要用现在完成时或进行时，主句通常用将来时。 I‟ll show you how to do it if I have finished the book. ③unless 相当于if….not….., 意为“除非。如果不” ④if 还可以引导宾语从句。
（七）让步状语从句
让步状语从句表示某种与主句相反的条件或情况，但从句所表示的这些不利因素并不能阻止主句动作的发生，即在相反的条件下，主句的情况依然存在。引导让步状语从句的连词有though,although,even though,\\if, whoever\\ no matter who. however\\ no matter how, whatever \\no matter what, (1) though\\although 的用法
though\\although 意义一样，都作“虽然，尽管”解，都表示让步，一般情况下可以互换使用，只是although 语气较重，大多置于句首。可以与yet连用，但不与but 连用。They are generous though they are poor.
Although he was Japanese, he spent most of his life in China. (2) even though 与even if的用法
even though 与even if都是“尽管,即使”的意思，表示语气更强的让步。 Even though he is 24 now, he is still like a little child. We‟ll make a trip even if \\even though the weather is bad. (3) wh-ever 类引导词的用法
在英语中wh-ever既可以引导名词性从句，还可以引导让步状语从句。引导让步状语从句时常换成no matter + 相应的+wh-词，在引导名词性从句时只能用 wh-ever。I‟ll wait for you however late it is.=I‟ll wait for you no matter how late it is. Whoever you are, you must obey the law=No matter who you are, you must obey the law.
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（八）比较状语从句
比较状语从句常用的引导词为as….as…,not as\\so…as…….,than, Tom is as tall as Jim. Tom is not as\\so tall as Jim. Tom is taller than Jim.
（九）方式状语从句
在句子中作方式状语的从句称为方式状语从句。方式状语从句一般位于句尾，有时位于句中。常用的引导词为as, as if,as though. 1. as的用法：leave the children as they are.
2. as if, as though的用法：二者引导的方式状语从句所表示的情况是事实或具有很大可能性时，通常用陈述性语气，常与look\\seem\aste\\sound等连用。 It looks as if it is going to rain. It seems as if the boy has lost his way.
中考专练
（ ）1.It was dark, ____I couldn‟t see what was happening.
A.or B. though C. but D. so
（ ）2.It‟s raining.take an umbrella with you, ___you will get wet
A and B.but C.so D.or
（ ）3.There are only twenty minutes left,____we‟d better take a taxi.
A.so B.or C.but D.for
（ ）4.Hurry up, ____you‟ll miss the train.A. but B. so C.and D.or （ ）5.Susan won‟t arrive at the airport on time____she hurries up.
A.once B.if C.or D. unless
（ ）6.----We will fail the exam ___we study ---That‟s ____everyone is trying his
best to prepare for the exam.
A. until,why B. unless,when C.unless,why D. until when
（ ）7..In summer milk will quickly go bad____ it is put into a fridge.
A.though B. unless C. because D. once
（ ）8.Mr.Smith has a habit of taking a shower _____he has breakfast.
A.though B. before C.because D. since
（ ）9. ---What do you think of your Junior Middle School life?
----I think it is colourful, ___I am always busy. A. if B. though C. while D. until（ ）10.Tom didn‟t leave her office ____ the police arrived.
A.however B. whenever C.while D. until
（ ）11.They will try their best in the Dragon Boat Racing _____they may fail.
A. if B. although C. unless D.until
（ ）12.Don‟t run in the classroom, _____you may hurt yourself. A. and B. or C. but D.so （ ）13.He‟s not a perfect child. He sometimes talks back _____his parents talk with
him.
A. if B. before C. when D. until
（ ）14．— The Dragon Boat races are so exciting, but our boat is still behind.
— Don‟t worry. I am sure _______ our team will win!
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A. if B. / C. whether D. of
（ ）15． Why not listen to BBC news to improve your listening skills? It‟s____difficult for me___follow.
A. too; to B. so; that C. such; that D. so; too （ ）16 — Yesterday there were__many people in the park ___I almost lost my way. — It was the May Day holiday. Lots of people wanted to have fun there. A. quite; that B. so; that C. enough; that D. very; that
（ ）17. This lesson was so boring ____ some students began to sleep in class. A. that B. and C. when D. how
（ ）18.．You must wait for her __she comes back. A. that B. till C. when
（ ）19．---The doctor told me not to eat too much, but I found it difficult.
---The doctor is right. _________ you eat, ______ you will be. A. The less, the healthierB. The less; the more healthily C. The more; the healthierD. The more; the more healthily
（ ）20.—She had a stomachache _____she ate something bad. A. so B. because C. although
（ ）21.---What‟s your plan for the summer holidays? ---I‟ll go to Beijing _____the
school term ends.
A.even though B.so that C. as soon as
（ ）22．—You speak _____ fast _____ we can‟t follow you.—I will speak slowly. A.so; that B. such; that C. such a; that D. too; to （ ）23．What will happen if he ______back home?
A.go B. goes C. went D. gone
（ ）24．These days the long TV play is _____ popular ____my mother often keep watching it for two hours without a rest a day .
A. so, that B. too , to C. very , that D. such , that
（ ）25．Mr Brown knew nothing about the good news____his wife told to him
A.before B. after C. since
（ ）26.I wonder when they ___ for Beijing. I will go to the train station to see them off when they ___.
A .leave, will leave B. will leave, leave C. will go, leave D. go, leave （ ）27．—What will you do if it ____tomorrow? —I will stay at home and watch the match on TV.
A、rain B、rains C、will rain D、is raining
（ ）28．-Do you know if he will come tomorrow?-No,but if he _____ ,I‟ll call you to have a meal together .
A.will come B.won‟t come C.comes D.doesn‟t come （ ）29.Get up early, ______you will be late for school
A.so B. and C. or D. but
（ ）30.___Mike didn‟t win the race, he was still wearing a smile on his face. A. If B. Since C. Although D. Because
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