A microcontroller (or MCU) is a computer-on-a-chip. It is a type of microprocessor emphasizing self-sufficiency and cost-effectiveness, in contrast to a general-purpose microprocessor (the kind used in a PC).
The majority of computer systems in use today are embedded in other machinery, such as telephones, clocks, appliances, vehicles, and infrastructure. An embedded system usually has minimal requirements for memory and program length and may require simple but unusual input/output systems. For example, most embedded
systems lack keyboards, screens, disks, printers, or other recognizable I/O devices of a personal computer. They may control electric motors, relays or voltages, and read switches, variable resistors or other electronic devices. Often, the only I/O device readable by a human is a single light-emitting diode, and severe cost or power constraints can even eliminate that.
In contrast to general-purpose CPUs, microcontrollers do not have an address bus or a data bus, because they integrate all the RAM and non-volatile memory on the same chip as the CPU. Because they need fewer pins, the chip can be placed in a much smaller, cheaper package.
Integrating the memory and other peripherals on a single chip and testing them as a unit increases the cost of that chip, but often results in decreased net cost of the embedded system as a whole. (Even if the cost of a CPU that has integrated
peripherals is slightly more than the cost of a CPU + external peripherals, having
fewer chips typically allows a smaller and cheaper circuit board, and reduces the labor required to assemble and test the circuit board). This trend leads to design.
A microcontroller is a single integrated circuit, commonly with the following features:
central processing unit - ranging from small and simple 4-bit processors to sophisticated 32- or 64-bit processors
input/output interfaces such as serial ports (UARTs) other serial communications interfaces like I²C, Serial Peripheral Interface and Controller Area Network for system interconnect peripherals such as timers and watchdog RAM for data storage
ROM, EPROM, EEPROM or Flash memory for program storage
clock generator - often an oscillator for a quartz timing crystal, resonator or RC circuit many include analog-to-digital converters
This integration drastically reduces the number of chips and the amount of wiring and PCB space that would be needed to produce equivalent systems using separate chips and have proved to be highly popular in embedded systems since their introduction in the 1970s.
Some microcontrollers can afford to use a Harvard architecture: separate memory buses for instructions and data, allowing accesses to take place concurrently.
The decision of which peripheral to integrate is often difficult. The Microcontroller vendors often trade operating frequencies and system design flexibility against time-to-market requirements from their customers and overall lower system cost. Manufacturers have to balance the need to minimize the chip size against additional functionality.
Microcontroller architectures are available from many different vendors in so many varieties that each instruction set architecture could rightly belong to a category of their own. Chief among these are the 8051, Z80 and ARM derivatives.[citation needed]
Dormancy of the one-chip computer---restore to the throne in the operation way and improve anti- interference ability
Abstract: Introduce a kind of dormancy of using- restore to the throne in the operation way and improve the anti-interference ability method of the one-chip computer; Analyses its scope of application, provide and use the circuit concretely; Combine the instance, analyze the characteristic of the hardware and software design under these kind of operation way. Keyword: One-chip computer Restore to the throne /dormancy anti-interference Foreword
Introduction:
With the development at full speed of the micro electric technique, the performance of the one-chip computer improves rapidly, demonstrate the outstanding advantage in the operation, logic control, intelligent respect, replaced and enlarged the measuring that the circuit made up, control circuit by digital logical circuit, operation originally to a great extent, use very extensively. But because it have system halted, procedure run critical defect of flying etc, make it limit in a lot of important application of occasion. A lot of technology in anti-interference , for example set up the software trap, add the hardware to guard the gate in dog's circuit etc, can make this problem have better settlement, but still the existing problem: ① Guard the gate dog at the movement, mean and appear mistake already and run some time, this is not allowed in some occasions; ②Procedure appear circulation mistake very
much sometimes, but just guard the gate dog control link include and enter, adopt and guard the gate as to such a mistake dog unable to discern; ③ In measure and control cycle among the long system, one-chip computer spend wait for the peripheral hardware a large amount of time, will be interfered too when carry out and wait for the order. To these situations, we have tried the method restored to the throne voluntarily in practice, alternate pulse of adopting etc or restore to the throne waking according to external terms to the one-chip computer up. After being restored to the throne each time, the one-chip computer carries out the corresponding procedure, enters dormancy in time after finishing carrying out the task, wait to be restored to the throne neatly. Have solved above-mentioned problems well with this method , and has got better result in the agricultural voltage transformer comprehensive protector experiment. Now take 51 serial one-chip computers as an example and probe into the concrete principle and implementation method, restored to the throne the signal as the high level.
1.A principle and implementation method
1.1 Restored to the throne the law regularly unconditionally Use timer, special-purpose clock chip or other pulse generator, produce signal of restoring to the throne regularly according to interval that set for. This kind of method is especially suitable for the measuring instrument. In not running actually, sample the analog quantity of introduction with A/D converter often, then store showing. This course is very fast, but steady for reading, the data per second are only upgraded 1 -2 times, a large amount of time of CPU is used for waiting. Let CPU carry out and enter dormancy directly after the task , restore to the throne and wake by external world up It carry out the next operation, this is to restore to the throne the law regularly In this way can make anti-interference ability strengthen greatly , have 2 points mainly: ①. At the dormancy, procedure stop run, can appear PC indicator disorderly procedure that causes run and fly. Work time in dormancy proportion 1:9, that is to say 1 s have 0.1 time of s used for measuring, sending off showing, there is time dormancy of 0.9s, the probability that the procedure is interfered is 1/10 while running at full speed, whole anti-interference ability raise by 10 times. ② Because every 1s is restored to the throne once unconditionally, once present the system halted during a job, can certainly resume when restored to the throne next time. As to only instrument that show, some reading mistake that 1s appear accidentally there is no memory to the next measurement, be could bear , belong to “pass” mistake. This kind is restored to the throne the advantage of dog's circuit for guarding the gate regularly, first, change waiting time into a dormancy state, time to shorten and may be interfered; Second,
avoided happening that the dog controls the death circulation of the link to include guarding the gate.
1.2 The external condition is restored to the throne the law Some arrival that export or measure is controlled by the outside. For instance, the hot form. of heating, rotate the pulse produced and
calculate heat by hot water wheels, there is no hot water to flow, there is no heat to export, CPU only need in fact keep number value, do not need to count. Can imagine hot water wheels rotate when parking warm , CPU idle in will it be will it be one season autumn spring and summer, If let dormancy its , measure have water wheels pulse constantly,
anti-interference ability can strengthen greatly. So, so long as link up the restoring to the throne of the pulse of the water wheels and CPU, the water wheels rotate a circle each time, CPU is restored to the throne once, hot form. can work normally , this is restored to the throne the law by the external condition . Similar application have half electron kilowatt-hour meter , go on one count just when the machinery degree wheels and transfers to a circle, users do not need the electricity, CPU has been knowing the dormancy all the time . The restoring to the throne in the interval not to be regular, but confirmed according to the external condition of this method. In some occasions, the time of the dormancy will be very long, very effective to improving anti-interference ability.
2 .The hardware realizes the main point
2.1 Restored to the throne regularly unconditionally
Generally have 2 kinds of methods. ① Use the timer or the
special-purpose clock chip to be restored to the throne. Fig1, in order to use the timing circuit that 555 circuit makes up; Can use the clock chips of X1126 ,etc too , wake CPU up with the alarm signal after setting up warning time. This kind of method is suitable when the long interval is made, can also follow the result of this operation ，determine to wake time up in alarm next time temporarily, very flexible and convenient. ② The signal of using the system to be inherent is as reducing the pulse regularly. Use 50Hz worker power make reducing after having a facelift frequently, already omit the timer, gathered the corresponding signal for the phase place which measured the electric current signal at the same time, as Fig. 2 shows.
2.2 External conditions are restored to the throne
Send external condition pulse to and is restored to the throne the end son after having a facelift. To that above-mentioned water wheels or
the ammeter spend a pulse produced, can use Schmitt's trigger to have a facelift; For writing down the instrument of the biggest or minimum，can use the window comparator. In order to realize the electrification that is regulated，can use the electronic electric potential device, establish upper and lower limits with the order of the one-chip computer. 2.3 Reduce cycle and restored to the throne the high electricity at ordinary times
In Fig3, restored to the throne the signal during high level Tr, the one-chip computer is in the state of restoring to the throne, the procedure does not run, anti-interference ability is the strongest; After the high level, the one-chip computer begins to hold the conduct procedure. That is to say, are restored to the throne and suitable for the time that the procedure carries out during the low level Td of the signal, this time should be greater than the execution cycle of the procedure each time. It is restore to the throne cycle and restore to the throne high level of signal take empty than very much important to choose rationally. As to simple to show instrument, restore to the throne cycle determine data break cycle, low electricity is it measure, hank over all time shown to greater than to want at ordinary times; Otherwise, cant present forever the mistake of the intact executive program. Monolithic integrated circuit in Ts and Tr period all can effectively the ant jamming, but is best the unnecessary time arrangement in Tr. When the program time is long, when as far as possible the request reduces Tr, may join the differentiating circuit, like chart 1 center C30, R26, D9.
2.4 Treatment of output end sons (1) Restore to the throne straight pulse
During all I/O mouth of one-chip computer turn into the high level when restoring to the throne. That is to say output for low pin normally, will according to restore to the throne cycle appear the width for the straight pulse of Tr. This straight pulse will influence the normal output, 2 methods are dealt with: ① Connect in parallel electric capacity suppress , capacity confirm according to Tr time that restore to the throne on the son in end. Reducing Tr can be reduced and connected the electric capacity in parallel. ② It is invalid to design the peripheral circuit into the high level. (2) Fault-tolerant
Choose the capacity that the output end connects the electric capacity in parallel fault-tolerantly and properly, can realize fault-tolerant control. Reduced cycle in a certain, because interfered exporting the wrong level. Because the keeping function of electric capacity, can't still enable exporting the change to the valid level within this cycle; Next cycle , the mistake is corrected. So, so long as does not make mistakes in 2 cycles in succession, it is very fault-tolerant to export Certainly, this kind of method will make the normal output change lag behind for one cycle, just really reflect the output end son.
2.5 has the electricity to measure and restore to the throne manually Some system is it make some initialize and operate to want at
electricity for the first time. Restored to the throne and already become the beginning condition of normal running each time while adopting the way of restoring to the throne to run , it is unable to distinguish and have the electricity for the first time. In some pin connects the electric capacity of one1PF to the ground, measure this pin after being restored to the throne, if low level to have electricity for the first time. Give system set up one restore to the throne button, that is to say a common one manual to restore to the throne, this button is not joined and being restored to the throne in the end, is connected in parallel in the electric capacity both ends to the ground of above-mentioned pins.
3. The software realizes the main point
3.1 is it resume with zero clearing RAM to output
Restore to the throne the last all pin turn high level into , is it should take place unnecessary change for low pin to make regularly, so, should resume the state. of all pins immediately after being restored to the throne. There are 2 kinds of methods : ① Analyze and judge
immediately after being restored to the throne this time, provide the state of the pin according to the need; ② In being RAM it is the last state that come down, these RAM when restored. To the throne regularly can the zero clearing one; But electricity or manual to restore to the throne when pushing in conformity with zero clearing, is it embody to want when the software is worked outing at the beginning. If calculate time allows, try one's best to take method 1. Restore to the throne cycle probability made mistakes to calculate very little, according to 2 for the 2nd time in succession. 4 output end son that narrate connect treatment method of electric capacity in parallel, can reach kind anti-interference result very.
3.2 realizes crossing over and is restored to the throne alternate time sequence
regularly to control
Work in way of restoring to the throne now, start anew and carry out the same procedure repeatedly each time. Can be divided into 2 kinds of situations: ① As to simple to show instrument, carry on measurement ，send off showing after being restored to the throne each time, have causality between restoring to the throne twice . need is it switch over to the dormancy to waiting original only. Should pay attention to, measurement, give total time used to show is it is it restore to the throne low electricity at ordinary times to smaller than to want, otherwise can't present forever the mistake of the intact executive program. ② For having application that time sequence controlled , after being restored to the throne each time , should check first that see the sign left last cycle , in order to determine what is done this cycle . That is to say every is it restore to the throne operation of cycle to stride , by is it transmit to indicate all, these indicate while leaving in inside RAM , the zero clearing only when have the electricity for the first time. For example, the protecting synthetically device of above-mentioned voltage transformer , is restored to the throne regularly according to the interval of 20ms. It reaches the normal working state through, certain movement order after having the electricity, such as Fig. 4; Write a part of the procedure of the software according to this movement, such as Fig. 5.
In 4 Fig, act as person who protect the beginning at the electricity, is it transmit power 0 to try at first. 5s, points out and transmits power soon; Transmit power formally after waiting for 30s. It is start-up time in 1s after transmitting power, does not measure the electric current. Start after finishing, if all going well, the location is put\" normal sign \in the next one. Try 0 that transmits power. 5s is it is it realize to count once restoring to the throne to delay time, restore to the throne time 20ms each time. At having electricity for the first time, make all zero clearing to inside RAM, make it is it time Ts to transmit power not to try =Dormancy after 25. After restoring to the throne, is it have electric pin to have electricity for the first time already, is it is it is it is it time the measuring of Ts to transmit power to try to get to go on to measure next time. If Ts * 0, is it in is it prolong period to transmit power, is it enter dormancy after the 1 to reduce Ts to prove. Act as Ts-1 = 0, the course which waited for 30s that should enter and lose electrical power. Just when Ts decreases progressively to 0, make it is it indicate to wait for not to lose electrical power Td =1500. When
the procedure is restored to the throne beginning again, measure to Ts =0 but Td * 0, is it is it is it transmit power to try to cross already to indicate, at is it wait for the course of 30s to lose electrical power now. In this way, the whole process is transmitted each other by such these parameters as Tr, Td , Ts etc, go on step by step.
Result:
Conclusion Anti-interference is an important problem in an electronic design, especially Important in the one-chip computer. This is because the one-chip computer has procedures to run particularity that flies, the consequence that it is interfered may be the system halted, may send out various kinds of mistakes or illegal movements before the system halted too, make the whole system produce the mortality mistake. So, only guarantee it is not enough yet for one-chip computer not to crash, study how to reduce the risk interfered, it can befault-toierant how is it after and make mistakes. This text is it act as some exploration from two these to try hard, hope these elementary opinions can play some function of casting a brick to attract jade, helpful to everybody; Hope too every colleague explore together, improve our design level together.
单片机即单片微型计算机，是把中央处理器、存储器、定时/计数器、输入输出接口都集成在一块集成电路芯片上的微型计算机。与应用在个人电脑中的通用型微处理器相比，它更强调自供应（不用外接硬件）和节约成本。它的最大优点是体积小，可放在仪表内部，但存储量小，输入输出接口简单，功能较低。由于其发展非常迅速，旧的单片机的定义已不能满足，所以在很多应用场合被称为范围更广的微控制器，但是目前在中国大陆仍多沿用“单片机”的称呼。
绝大多数现在的单片机都是基于冯·诺伊曼结构的，这种结构清楚地定义了嵌入式系统所必需的四个基本部分：一个中央处理器核心，程序存储器（只读存储器或者闪存）、数据存储器（随机存储器），一个或者更多的定时/计时器，还有用来与外围设备以及扩展资源进行通信的输入/输出端口——所有这些都被
集成在单个集成电路芯片上。说单片机与通用型中央处理单元芯片不同是因为前者一般很容易配合最小型的外部支持芯片制成工作计算机。这样就可以很容易的把单片机系统植入装置内部来控制装置了。近年来为了在指令和数据上使用不同的字宽，并提高处理器流水线速度，哈佛结构在微控制器和DSP也逐渐得到了广泛的应用。
传统的微处理器是不允许这么做的。它要完成单片机的工作，就必须连接一些其他芯片。比如说，因为片上没有数据存储器，就必须要添加一些RAM的存储芯片，虽然所添加存储器的容量很灵活，但是至少还是要添加，另外还需要添加很多连线来传递芯片之间的数据。 比如，一个典型的微控制器只需要一个时钟发生器和很少的RAM和ROM(或者EPROM, E2PROM)就可以在软件和晶振下工作了。同时，微控制器具有丰富的输入输出设备，像是模拟数字转换(ADC)，定时器，串口或者其他串行通讯接口(比如I2C，串行外围接口(SPI),控制器局域网)。通常，这些继承在内部的设备可以通过特殊的指令来操作。
摘要：介绍了一种使用休眠，复位的运作方式，提高了单芯片电脑的抗干扰能力的方法，分析了其应用范围，提供和使用的具体电路，结合实例，根据这些分析的一种运作方式的硬件和软件设计的特点。
关键字：单片机 复位/休眠 抗干扰 简介：
随着在微电子技术的飞速发展，在单片机的性能迅速提高，充分展示了高速发展的运作，逻辑控制，智能方面所取代，突出优势，扩大了该电路组成，控制电路通过测量数字逻辑电路，操作本来在很大程度上，使用非常广泛存在。但是，由于它具有系统停止，程序运行等关键飞行的缺陷，使之限制在一个重要应用的场合很多。一种技术在防干扰很多，例如设立了软件陷阱，添加看守在狗的门电路等，可以使这个问题比较好的解决，但仍然存在的问题：①看门狗平均和出现的错误已经和运行一段时间，这不是在某些情况下允许;②程序出现循环错误很有时，只是看门狗控制环节，包括进入，通过和防范作为这样一个错误的狗无法分辨门;在测量和控制系统之间的长周期③，单芯片计算机花等周边硬件的大量
时间，也将受到干扰时进行，并等待秩序。对于这些情况，我们曾试图复位自愿的方法在实践中，采用等或复位交替脉冲醒来根据外部条件，一个芯片的电脑。恢复后的宝座每次，单片机进行相应的程序，输入完毕后及时进行任务休眠，等待复位。解决了上述问题以及与此法，并已得到改善，农业综合保护电压互感器的实验结果。现在51系列为例，进入具体的原则和实施方法复位，作为高层次的信号，探测单芯片计算机。
1原则和实施方法 1.1复位定期无条件的法律
使用定时器，专用时钟芯片或其它脉冲发生器，产生的信号复位，定期根据间隔设定。这种方法尤其适合用于测量仪器。在没有实际运行，样品中与A / D转换器的模拟量往往介绍，然后将其存储显示。这当然是非常快的，但对于阅读稳定，每秒的数据只是提升1-2倍，有大量的CPU时间是等待使用。让CPU的执行任务，并直接进入休眠后，恢复了外部世界的宝座，唤醒它进行下一个操作，这是复位法律经常通过这种方式可以使抗干扰能力大大加强，主要有2点：①。在休眠，程序停止运行，可以显示电脑的指标，导致无序程序运行和飞行。工作时间在休眠比例1:9，即1秒的时间有0.1 s的测量使用，送显示，有休眠时间0.9s，该过程的概率是干涉是1 / 10，而在运行全速，全抗干扰能力提高10倍。 ②由于每1秒恢复一次无条件的宝座，一旦停止工作期间提出的制度，一定能够复位时恢复到下一次。至于唯一的工具，展示，阅读一些错误，1秒，没有出现意外的下一次测量的记忆，是可以承受的，属于“通行证”的错误。这种复位的把关，定期对狗的电路优势，首先，改变等待进入休眠状态的时间，时间缩短，可能会受到干扰，二是避免死循环。
1.2外部条件是复位
有些来接口是由外部控制。例如，在炎热的形式。加热，旋转产生的脉冲，并计算热水水轮热量，没有热水流动，没有热量导出，只需要在CPU的事实使数值，不需要计数。可以想像热水水轮旋转时停车温暖，它是将CPU的闲置会是一个秋天的季节春天和夏天，如果允许其休眠，测量脉搏，不断有水车轮，抗干扰能力可以大大加强。因此，只要连接起来，恢复到水车轮和CPU脉冲宝座，水车轮转动一圈，每次CPU是复位后，热的形式。可以正常工作，这是复位的法律的
外部条件。类似的应用程序有一半的电子电度表，去一项就在车轮和机械程度转移到一个圆圈，用户不需要电力，CPU已经知道所有的休眠时间。在恢复到在间隔不进行定期的宝座，但据证实了该方法的外部条件。在某些情况下，这些休眠时间会很长，很有效的提高抗干扰能力。
2。硬件实现的主要问题 2.1复位定期无条件
一般有2种方法。 ①使用时钟信号或专用芯片时钟复位。图1，为了使用定时电路，555电路构成，可以使用X1126，时钟芯片等也醒来后设立预警时间报警信号处理器了。这种方法适用于长间隔时作出，也可以按照这个操作的结果，确定报警唤醒时间在下一次暂停，非常灵活方便。 ②在使用该系统将固有的信号是降低脉冲定时。使用50赫兹工人权力作出减少后焕然一新频繁，已经省略了定时器，该阶段收集到的地方在同一时间测量的电流信号，图，相应的信号。 2所示。
2.2外部条件，复位
发送脉冲和外部条件是复位后焕然一新，最后儿子。为此上述水轮或电表脉冲产生的花费，可以使用施密特触发器有焕然一新;对于写下的最大或最小值，可以使用窗口比较器的工具。为了实现电子化监管的是，可以使用电子电位器，建立上，同一个电脑芯片订单下限。
2.3降低循环，复位的高电平时
在图3，恢复了在高级别章，单片机的宝座的信号在复位状态时，程序不运行，抗干扰能力最强;高级别后，一个芯片计算机开始举行的行为过程。这就是说，被还原的时间，程序执行过程中的信号运输署低一级的宝座和合适的，这时候应该比的程序每次执行周期更大。这是复位循环，复位信号高级别采取空比非常重要的理性选择。至于简单的显示仪，复位周期确定数据打破循环，低电力是它的措施，显示了在平时要大于希望所有的时间;否则，目前的永远是倾斜的完整的行政程序的错误。单片集成电路在TS和Tr期间都能有效地抗干扰，但最好是在章不必要的时间安排。当程序时间长，时尽可能降低章的要求，可以参加鉴别电路如图，
2.4输出端引脚
（1）复位直脉冲
在所有的I /单芯片打开计算机?口进入高级别时复位。这就是通常说的低接脚输出，将根据复位的周期出现了连续的脉冲宽度章。这将直接影响到正常的脉冲输出，2种方法是并行处理的电容量：①连接压制能力确认时间，按章对恢复年底儿子的宝座。章降低可以减少并行连接的电容量。 ②它是无效的设计到高一级的外围电路。 （2）容错
选择能力，使输出端连接在并行故障宽容，妥善电容，可以实现容错控制。减少在一定周期，因为出口的错误干扰的水平。由于电容量保持功能，使出口仍然不能在这个周期的改变，有效水平;在下一个周期，这个错误被纠正。因此，只要不作连续2次失误，这是非常容错出口当然，这种方法会为一个周期，正常的输出变化滞后只是背后真正反映输出端的儿子。
2.5具有电力测量和手动复位
有些系统是它使一些初始化和运行在首次电力想要的。复位，并已开始成为正常运行的条件而采取的每一次复位运行方式，它是无法区分，并有第一次电。在某些引脚连接一个1 PF电容在地上，衡量这一针后正在恢复的宝座，如果水平低有第一次电。给系统设置一个复位按钮，即一个常见的手动复位，这个按钮是没有加入和正在恢复到最后的宝座，是在电容量并联两端对上述引脚接地。
3。该软件实现的主要问题 3.1是它恢复与清零RAM来输出
复位上的所有引脚转成高层次，是否应该进行不必要的改变为低引脚使定期，因此，应立即恢复所有引脚后复位的。有2种方法：①分析和判断后，立即复位这一次，提供该引脚的状态根据需要，在被内存②它是最后的最后状态下降的时候，这些时候恢复存储器。为了王位经常可以零的一块空地上，但电力或手册时，按照积极推动清零，是它体现了想要的工作时，该软件是在开始比赛。如果时间允许计算，尽力采取方法1。复位周期来计算概率的失误很少，根据二为连续第二次。 4个输出端的引脚，叙述在并行连接电容的治疗方法，可以达到一种抗干扰的结果非常。
3.2实现跨越，是复位交替的时间序列 定期向控制
工作恢复到现在的宝座，重新开始，并进行同样的程序反复每次途径。可分为2种情况：①对于简单的显示仪上进行测量，显示送行后，复位，每次都复位之间因果关系的两倍。需要的是它切换到休眠等候原来只。要注意，测量，给总时间用来显示是否是它恢复到平时的宝座低电力小于想要，否则永远无法出席了完整的行政程序的错误。因时间顺序控制的应用程序，②，恢复后的宝座每一次，应该首先检查该标志左侧看到最后一个周期，以确定什么是完成这个周期。这就是说每一个是它恢复了运作周期宝座迈进，它是通过将所有传输，这表明在内部RAM中，而离开，只有当零结算有第一次电。例如，综合的保护上述变压器设备，复位，定期根据20ms的间隔。达到正常工作状态通过一定的运动命令后，如图电力。 4，写一个软件程序的一部分，如按照此图运动。 5。
4图，谁保护的人开始在电力法，它是发射功率0尝试在第一。 5秒，指出并很快传输功率;发射功率为30秒后正式等待。这是启动时间在1秒后发射功率，并没有测量电流。启动完成后，如果一切顺利，该位置是放在“正常标志”，谁保护的人复位周期进入下一个正常运行。尝试0，传递力量。 5S是它是否实现计数一次复位，以拖延时间，复位，每次时间为20ms。在后首次电力，使所有零到内清除内存，是它让时间Ts为发射功率不尝试后25 =休眠。恢复后的宝座，是否有电针有第一次已经电力，是它是它是它是时候了TS检测的发射功率，试图去继续下一次测量。如果给付* 0，是否是它在延长期内的发射功率，它是后进入休眠，减少1给付证明。法为TS - 1 = 0，当然这对于30多岁，应该进入并失去电力等。只是当TS递减为0，这表明它是使等待不要失去电力的Td = 1500。当程序复位重新开始，给付措施，但是，TD = 0 * 0，是否是它是它的传输功率，试图穿越已经表明，它是在30年代期间的等待失去电力现在。通过这种方式，整个过程是经由这些作为章等，运输署的TS等参数彼此去一步一步来。
结果：
结论反干扰是一种在电子设计的重要问题，特别是在单芯片计算机的重要。这是因为单芯片的计算机程序来运行的特殊性是苍蝇，它的后果可能会干扰系统中断，可能会发出错误或非法转移的各种制度之前停止过，使整个系统产生死亡率的错误。因此，只有保证它是还不够的单芯片电脑不会崩溃，研究如何减少风险的干扰，它可以自动检测错误。这是它作为文字部分由两个勘探这些努力，希
望能发挥这些基本观点铸造一个抛砖引玉，帮助大家，也希望每一位同事共同探讨一些功能，提高设计水平在一起。
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