英语五大基本句型

一、句子成分

英语句子成分有主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语等。

顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。 （一）主语：表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：

Country music has become more and more popular.（名词） We often speak English in class.（代词）

One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）

When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）

It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）

（二）谓语：谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。 1)简单谓语： We study for the people. 2)复合谓语： I can speak a little English.

We are reading books. He has gone to Beijing.

（三）表语: 它位于系动词(比如be)之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。

My sister is a nurse. Is it yours?（代词）

The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词）

Three times seven is twenty one?（数词） His job is to teach English.（不定式）

His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） The ruler must be in your box.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over.（副词）

The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）

（四）宾语: 宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后。

We like English.

How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）

They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） It began to rain.（不定式短语）

I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）

有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。 He gave me some ink.

有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如：

We make him our monitor(班长). （五）宾补: 就是宾语补足语，就是补充说明宾语的 I see you crossing the street

His father named him Dongming.（名词） They painted（涂漆） their boat white.（形容词） Let the fresh（新鲜的） air in.（副词）

You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语） We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）

We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语） （六）定语: 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。 He is a new student.

Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）

China is a developing（发展中） country; America is a developed（发达） country.（分词）

There are thirty women teachers in our school.（名词） His progress（进步）in English made us surprised.（代词）

Our monitor（班长）is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语） He is reading an article(文章) about how to learn English.（介词短语）

（七）状语: 修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。 He lives in London.

Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）

He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语） He is sorry to trouble(麻烦) you.（不定式短语） He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语） Once（一旦） you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）

状语种类如下：

1.时间状语：How about meeting again at six?

2.原因状语：Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain. 3.条件状语：I shall go there if it doesn’t rain. 4.地点状语：Mr Smith lives on the third floor.

5.方式状语：She put the eggs into the basket with great care. 6.伴随状语：She came in with a dictionary in her hand. 7.目的状语：In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. 8.结果状语：He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 9.让步状语：She works very hard though she is old. 10.比较状语：I am taller than he is. 练一练：指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分： 1. The students got on the school bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper.

3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. His job is to train swimmers.

5. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.

6. His wish is to become a scientist. Science art artist between and 7. He wants to finish the work in time. 8. Tom came to ask me for advice（建议）. 9. He found it important to master English. 10. Do you have anything else to say? 11. Would you please tell me your address? 12. He sat there, reading a newspaper.

13. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 14. He noticed（注意到） a man enter the room.

15. The apples tasted sweet.

二．英语基本句型

英语句子是由主语(subject), 谓语动词(verb),宾语(object), 表语(predicative),状语(adverbial),宾语补足语(object complement)等成分组成，按照这些成分的组合方式英语句子可分为五种基本句型。

句型一：主语+谓语(不及物动词)（Subject + verb） e.g. Birds fly.

I sing.

The rain stopped .

句型一的扩展：1.主语+谓语动词+状语 e.g.The old man walks in the park.

The machine works smoothly. (机器运转正常。) 2.There +不及物动词+主语

e.g. There is some milk in the bottle . There comes the bus .

3. 主语+不及物动词+ 动词不定式

e.g. They stopped to take a short rest . (他们停下来稍作休息) 特别提醒

e.g. They stopped taking a rest .

句型二 ：主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语（Subject + Verb + Object）

及物动词本身需要一个动作的接受者(宾语)，才可以表达一个完整的意念。 Yao Ming plays basketball. Pandas eat bamboos. We learn English.

句型三：主语+系动词+表语（Subject + Linking Verb + Predicative）

（一）主语+系动词+形容词（adj） Steve Job is dead. Leaves are green.

（二）主语+系动词+名词（noun）

Na Ying is a singer. Chongqing is a famous city. （三）主语+系动词+副词（adｖ） The actor is here. Flowers are everywhere.

Ice cream is in the refrigerator. 系动词可分四类：

（1）be动词（is,am,are,was,were）起连系主语和表语的作用； e.g. My sister is a nurse .

The ball is under the desk .

（2）感官动词类 look, feel, smell, taste, sound等 +形容词（adj）. e.g. I feel quite hungry. I taste a cake. It tastes good.

It tastes delicious.

（3）表示变化：get, grow, become, turn, go等 e.g. It becomes colder and colder.

（4）表示状态延续：stay, keep, prove, remain, stand等 e.g. The secret remains unknown. Nurse

句型四：主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 有些及物动词需要两个宾语才能表达一个完整意念。 e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt. Give me the book, please.

在此句型中， 通常是间接宾语(人)在前，直接宾语(物)在后，有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调，这时间接宾语前应加上适当的介词。

e.g. （1）Her mother bought her a skirt.

Her mother bought a skirt for her . （2）Give me the book, please. Give the book to me , please .

直接宾语与间接宾语对调时，间接宾语前加介词to的动词有：

give(给), tell(告诉) , lend(借给) , sell(卖), teach(教) , send(寄给), write(写给), show(出示) , return(还给), bring(带给), pass(递给), leave(留给), offer(提供), hand(交给)

间接宾语前加介词for的动词有：

buy(买), choose(选择, make(做), order(订购), sing (唱歌), do (做), play(演奏) 句型五：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语

及物动词本身需要一个宾语外，还需要一个名词，形容词，副词, 动词不定式，分词来补充说明宾语，才能表达一个完整的意念。

e.g.

The news made us sad.

She saw the thief steal into the shop . The teacher asked me to answer the question . I found the man stealing the money .

I found my money stolen .

判断类句子型： My head aches.

She likes English. She is happy．

The teacher asked me to read the passage. She bought a book for me.

She gave John a book． She makes her mother angry． The moon rose. They talked for half an hour. The dinner smells good. Everything looks different. He is growing tall and strong. His face turned red.

Who knows the answer? He enjoys reading.

She ordered herself a new dress.

I gave my car a wash.

He showed me how to run the machine. What makes him think so? He became a famous doctor. The apple pie tastes really delicious.

三．英语句式 （一）陈述句:

1．肯定句（The Affirmative Sentence）： The pig can climb the tree. Nancy is a dancer.

2．否定句（The Negative Sentence） ______________________________. ______________________________. （二）疑问句: 1．一般疑问句

______________________________?---No, it can’t. ______________________________?---Yes, she is.

2．特殊疑问句(what, when, where, why, how, who, whose, which) 1）._______ sport do you like?---Skiing. 2）---______ do you like cartoons? ---Because they are interesting.

3）.---______is the toilet?---It’s next to the office. 4）._______microphone is Sandy’s? ---The white one.

5)._______ films are popular with the kids?---Hayao Miyazaki’s.(宫崎骏) 6).______ do you go to school? ---On foot. 7).---_______ do you go to the movies? ---Once a month.

8).--- _______ students are there in the classroom?---Twelve. 3．选择疑问句

1).Temple Run is a game or movie？---It’s a game.

2).Would you like something to drink? Coffee, Coco Cola, or tea? --- I would like some tea, please.

练一练：

1、I am sorry to have kept you______

A to wait B wait C waited D waiting 2、He taught me _____ speak English

A how should B how C how can I D how to 3、 I shall make your dream ______

A. coming truly B come true C to come true D comes true 4、 He told _____ home

A. us not to go B we not go C us not go D us to not go 5、 I think _____ a good habit to get up early A this B it C that D its 6、The weather ____.

A. wet and cold B. is wet and cold C. not wet and cold D. were wet and cold 7、The apple tasted ____.

A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet 8、He got up ____ yesterday morning.

A. lately B. late C. latest D. latter 9、 ____ were all very tired, but none of ____ would stop to take a rest.

A. We, us B. Us, we C. We, our D. We, we 10、The dog ____ mad（疯的）.

A. looks B. is looked C. is being looked D. was looked