The Clear Blue Sky
Abstract
According to Sinclair & Coulthard (19...
1.The situation of air pollution in China
The rapid economic expansion and the consequent air pollution profoundly affect everyone in our country.The clear charming sky has been taken away from the residents who get better material conditions than before in the most days of the year.In fact,The air pollution caused by PM2.5--- the smallest solid particles in the atmosphere---has become a severe problem which threaten Chinese public health.These tiny particles released by factories and cars can cause acute and chronic respiratory diseases ,and even lead to death.According to the reliable survey results, almost every Chinese province has PM2.5 levels above the standard of World Health Organisation,and the people in Shan Dong and Hebei get much more suffering than the dwellers of other provinces.The terrible polution has gathered large public attention.
2.The existing problems of air pollution
Those previously unseen numbers were hard to believe, but they did seem to match up well enough with the noxious soup we could see, smell and taste outside. We are all far more familiar with the specifics of air-quality measurement than we
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would like to be. Apart from the AQI readings above 700, we were quite struck to see the readings for the smallest and most dangerous sort of particulate matter, called PM 2.5, which can enter deep into the respiratory system. These are named for the size, in microns, of the particles. A reading at a controversial monitoring station run by the American embassy showed a PM 2.5 level of 886 micrograms per cubic metre; Beijing’s own municipalmonitoring centre acknowledged readings in excess of 700 micrograms.
这些前所未见的数字高得难以置信，不过倒是和我们在室外看到、闻到和尝到的浓浓毒雾非常般配。我们都太熟悉这些空气质量测量方法的细节了，虽然并非我们所愿。在700有余的AQI读数之外，我们还为最小也是最危险、被称为“PM2.5”的微粒物质的指数感到相当震惊。这些微粒可以侵入呼吸系统深处，其名取自微粒的尺寸，单位是微米。美国大使馆运作的一个有争议的监测站数据显示PM2.5水平为每立方米886微克；北京市的检测中心只承认该数值超过700微克。
We also noted that Chinese authorities had already embarked on a wide range of strategies to improve air quality, and that they probably deserve more credit than either foreign or domestic critics tend to give them. But we concluded with the sad reality that such work takes decades, and that “Beijing residents will need to wait before seeing improvements.”
我们还指出，中国政府已经广泛实施了改善空气质量的策略，尽管遭到国内外的批评，当局的作为理应得到更多肯定。然而我们的结论伴随着悲哀的事实：这些工作耗时数十年，北京居民需漫漫苦等才能迎来空气改善的那天。
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But wind can be a problem when it does blow, too. In the outlying provinces that are part of Beijing’s airshed, there is a great deal of heavy industry. Pollution regulations are much harder to enforce there. And, in this colder-than-average winter, people have been burning more coal and wood than usual.
但如果风刮起来也是个问题。在北京气域外侧的省份有大量重型工业。污染治理法规在这些地区执行起来阻力更大。并且，在这个比以往要冷一些的冬季，人们烧的煤炭和木材也要比往年多一些。
It is likely to be many more Januarys to come before China gets the upper hand on its air-pollution problems. Indeed, as we mentioned last January 12th, after nearly sixty years of trying and a vast amount of progress, the city of Los Angeles has yet to meet America's federal air-quality standards. If there is any consolation to what Beijing had to endure this January 12th, it is that it should lend urgency to the public outcry, and help speed things in the right direction.
看来在中国控制住空气污染问题之前，我们还得熬过许多个一月。事实上，正如我们去年1月12日的文章提到的那样，在近60年的努力治理和显著进步后，洛杉矶市至今仍未达到美国的联邦空气质量标准。如果说北京在经历了今年的1月12日后能得到什么宽慰的话，那就是该市会更紧迫地倾听民众的呼声，并让事情加速朝正确的方向发展。
Such caveats aside, however, this study shows how far China still needs to go in cleaning up its act. Pollution and development have always marched hand in hand, and the former may even be regarded as tolerable as long as it is only a temporary blip on the road to prosperity.What is intolerable is that it is left to outsiders to lift
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the lid on what is happening.
抛开对空气污染的告诫不谈，这项研究至少表明，中国在粉饰污染程度方面，应当深深反省。污染总与发展齐头并进。只要污染是暂时的，是为繁荣发展服务的，人们甚至就觉得污染也是可以忍的。然而令人忍无可忍的是，一国重度污染的真相却是由外界来揭开。
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3.The classified solutions.
This means the next government will have to make some swift decisions about clearing upBritain's dirty air, by introducing several “low-emission zones” to reduce the number of dieselcars and the like. Measures to cut air pollution have been taken before. In 1956, after thesmog in London, the government pushed through a Clean Air Act, banning coal fires in people'shomes. That decision was prompted by a crisis. The reasons for pushing through this reformmay appear to be less dramatic, but they are no less important.
这说明下届政府需要迅速出台相关政策，推行几个“低排放区”计划，削减使用柴油机汽车等高污染汽车的数量，以此净化国内空气。其实，降低空气污染的措施早在1956年就已实行过。当时，政府在伦敦雾霾消散后力促通过了《清洁空气法》，禁止室内燃烧黑煤，这一政策在危机爆发后的贯彻效果显著。竭力推行空气治理政策的个中缘由也许少了些离奇色彩，但也需要我们同等视之。
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