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新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第三册课后答案

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新视野3答案

Unit 1

Text A

Vocabulary

deviate

vi.

start doing sth. different from what is expected or agreed 背离；偏离

preclude

vt.

(fml.) prevent sth. or make sth. impossible 阻碍；阻止；妨碍

Better options may come along later, and taking the first option will preclude them from being free for the later and better ones. 后面可能会出现更好的选择，选了第一个他们就无法自由选择后面更好的了。

premier

(only before noun) best, largest, or most important 最好的；最大的；最重要的

The best women players from 56 nations began to compete for what is the premier team prize in women's tennis. 来自56个国家的最好的女子选手开始竞夺女子网球最重要的团体奖。

[C] a prime minister 首相；总理

Today's paper reports that the premier has given up the idea of visiting his hometown. 今天的报纸报道说，总理已经放弃了访问其故乡的想法。

whereby

ad.

(fml.) used for saying that sth. is done according to the method, arrangement, rule, etc. that has been referred to 凭那个；借以

Officials proposed a system of double-checking on traders whereby they would be obliged to list every item exported and imported. 官员们提出了一个对贸易商进行复核的制度，这样贸易商将被迫列出进出口的每一个项目。

civic

a. (only before noun)

1 relating to the people who live in a town or city or the duties and responsibilities that they have as citizens 公民的；市民的

She felt it was her civic duty to give the police the names of the destroyers. 她觉得向警察提供那些破坏者的名字是她作为一个市民的责任。

2 relating to a town or city 城镇的；城市的

He takes on a lot of responsibilities, both at work and in civic affairs. 在工作和市政事务方面他承担了许多责任。

patriotic

feeling a lot of love, respect, and duty toward your country 爱国的；有爱国心的

The Chinese people have a glorious patriotic tradition, and they are great peace-loving people. 中国人民具有光荣的爱国传统，是伟大的、热爱和平的人民。

clear-cut

definite and easy to understand, recognize, or make a decision about 明确的；清楚的

You have to be really clear-cut about who you are and what you're trying to achieve. 你必须真正清楚你是谁，你想达到什么目的。

inhibit

vt.

make it difficult for a process to start or continue in a normal way 阻碍；妨碍；抑制

This strict supervision of their activities will make them less decisive and may inhibit them from giving orders or taking charge of the situation. 对他们行动的这种严密监控将使他们优柔寡断，还可能会妨碍他们发布命令、掌控局势。

scholarly

1 sb. who is scholarly knows a lot about a particular subject or studies sth. seriously 博学的；学问精深的

This extraordinarily scholarly young man had already advanced far in the study of art. 这位学问极其渊博的年轻人已经在艺术研究领域取得了卓越的成绩。

2 connected with scholars or the formal study of a subject 学者的；学术的

Recently, scholarly research is showing that marriage, by and large, makes people happier, healthier, and better off financially. 近来，学术研究大多显示婚姻使人更幸福健康，经济上更富裕。

idiot

[C] (infml.) sb. who behaves in an extremely stupid way 笨蛋；傻子

bypass

vt.

1 avoid dealing with sb. or sth., esp. because you think you can achieve sth. more quickly without using them （做某事时）避开，越过（某人）

A flexible plan can allow us to bypass unnecessary tasks and ignore unimportant interruptions. 一个灵活的计划可以让我们避开不必要的任务，忽略不重要的干扰。

2 avoid the center of a town or city by using a road that goes round it 绕过；绕…走

Roadways, bridges, overpasses, and interchanges could run through or bypass urban areas. 公路、桥梁、天桥和立体交叉道穿过或绕过城区。

persecution

[C, U] extremely bad treatment of sb., esp. because of their race, religion, or political beliefs （尤指因种族、宗教或政治信仰而进行的）迫害，残害

Unfortunately, the persecution of religious minorities has been common in the history of the world. 遗憾的是，在世界历史上，对宗教少数派的迫害很常见。

misfortune

1 [C] sth. harmful or unpleasant that happens to sb. 不幸的事；灾难

Very often, comedians use the misfortunes in their personal life to create jokes and make other people laugh. 很常见的是，喜剧演员用他们个人生活中的不幸来制造笑料，给其他人带来笑声。

2 [U] bad luck 厄运；不幸

I have no doubt that the misfortune of a serious illness in his family caused his financial difficulties. 我可以肯定他家人不幸得了重病导致他经济困难。

glamor

[U] a special quality that makes a person, place, or situation seem very exciting, attractive, or fashionable 魅力；吸引力

She has the glamor of a movie star as it is rarely seen in office environments. 她具有电影明星的魅力，而这种魅力在职场是很少见的。

glamorous

attractive and interesting in an exciting and unusual way 极富魅力的；非常吸引人的

She became an entertainment journalist because she wanted to spend her working life in the glamorous world of celebrities and top politicians. 她成为了一名娱乐新闻记者，因为她想在风光无限、满是社会名流和著名政治家的圈子里工作。

tragic

causing or involving great sadness, because sb. suffers or dies 可悲的；悲惨的；不幸的；悲剧性的

When she heard about her husband's tragic experience, she could hardly choke back her tears. 当她听到自己丈夫的不幸经历时，几乎无法抑制住自己的眼泪。

spur

[C] sth. that encourages sb. to do sth. 刺激；激励；鞭策；鼓舞

The soccer team's manager said that the team's success on Saturday would be a spur which would lead to even greater effort this season. 这支足球队的经理说球队周六的胜利将会鼓舞球队在本赛季更加努力。

vt.

1 encourage sb. to do sth. 刺激；激励；鞭策；鼓舞

The promise of bonuses or gifts can spur workers to higher achievement. 承诺给工人奖金或礼品可以激励他们取得更大的成绩。

2 cause sth. to happen 使发生

The discovery of diamonds and gold spurred wealth and immigration in this region. 钻石和黄金的发现使该地区财富激增，并引发了涌往该地区的移民潮。

optimism

[U] a tendency to be hopeful and to expect that good things will probably happen 乐观；乐观主义

Although they were poor, disabled or ill, they faced life with optimism and vigor. 虽然他们贫穷、残疾或疾病缠身，但他们乐观而充满活力地面对生活。

dedication

[U] the large amount of time and effort that sb. spends on sth. 奉献；献身

The volunteers' dedication and support have been invaluable for the Art Association's funds and for managing them effectively. 在艺协基金及其有效管理上，志愿者的奉献和支持是非常宝贵的。

commend

vt. (fml.)

1 praise sb. or sth. formally or publicly （正式或公开）表扬，称赞，表彰

I would like to commend you for the support you give with your excellent articles to rural artists and craftspeople. 我十分赞赏你通过精彩的文章而给予农村艺术家和手艺人的支持。

2 tell sb. that a person or thing is good, useful, or suitable 推荐

I don't usually commend everyone who does a good job; I only commend people who do an excellent job. 对工作干得好的人我不是都推荐，我只推荐工作成绩优异的人。

uphold

vt.

(fml.) show that you support sth. such as an idea by what you say or do 支持；拥护；维护

The president swore to uphold the constitution. 总统宣誓维护宪法。

endeavor

[C, U] an effort to do sth., esp. sth. new or difficult 努力；尽力

Driving is a serious endeavor and all drivers must remain alert, awake, and aware to reduce the number of accidents on the roads. 驾车是一个严肃认真的行为，所有的司机都必须保持警觉，头脑清醒，尽力减少道路事故的发生。

vi.

(fml.) (~ to do sth.) try very hard to do sth. 努力做（某事）；尽力做（某事）

They endeavor to tell the stories behind each picture, allowing visitors to see paintings of landscapes with a greater understanding. 他们尽力去讲述每幅画背后的故事，让参观者欣赏风景画时有更深层的理解。

statesman

[C] an experienced political leader that many people respect 政治家

diligent

(fml.) sb. who is diligent works very hard and very carefully 勤奋的；用功的

Both ants and bees are extremely diligent insects. Therefore, we have a saying for a person who works very carefully and hard: \"He is as diligent as a bee.\" 蚂蚁和蜜蜂都是极其勤劳的昆虫。因此，对那些工作认真努力的人，我们有句俗话说得好：“他像蜜蜂一样勤劳。”

diligently

ad.

勤奋地

He worked diligently and spent long hours in the laboratory. 他工作勤奋，大量的时间都花费在了实验室。

pursuit

[U] the process of trying to achieve sth. 追求；寻求

The main reason for the changes was the pursuit of profit. 作出这些改变主要是为了追求利润。

ranch

[C] a very large farm in the western US or Canada, where cows, horses, or sheep are bred （美国或加拿大西部的）大牧场

prestige

[U] the high reputation and respect that sb. or sth. has earned, based on their impressive achievements, quality, etc. 声望；名望；威信

The old universities of Oxford and Cambridge still have a lot of prestige. 古老的牛津大学和剑桥大学仍然享有很高的声望。

circuit

n. [C]

1 a series of places that are regularly visited by sb. involved in a particular activity （与某种活动相关的人）定期前往的一系列场所

2 the complete path that an electric current flows around 电路；回路；线路

3 a journey all the way around the edge of sth. 环形路线

unprecedented

1 never having happened or existed before 前所未有的；史无前例的

The vice-president would take the unprecedented step of using federal money to raise the salaries of some teachers. 副总统将采取史无前例的措施，利用联邦基金来提高部分教师的工资。

2 the greatest in size, amount, degree, etc. that has ever been known （大小、数量、程度等）前所未知的，空前的

In the late 1950s, the slaughter of dolphins began on an unprecedented scale. 20世纪50年代后期，对海豚前所未有的大规模屠杀开始了。

nominate

vt.

officially suggest that sb. should be given a job, or that sb. or sth. should receive a prize 提名；推荐

The private school's director nominated Mr. Williams as his official representative at the conference. 在这次会议上，该私立学校的校董提名威廉斯先生为他的官方代表。

appoint

vt.

1 choose sb. to do a particular job or have a particular position 任命；委派；指派

He was hospitalized last week, the next day after he was appointed to the finance ministry. 他上周在被委派到财政部任职后的第二天就住院了。

2 (fml.) choose a time or place for sth. to happen 确定，指定，约定（时间或地点）

His young instructor failed to turn up at the appointed time. 在约定的时间，他的年轻导师没能出现。

abortion

[C] a medical operation in which a developing baby is removed from a woman's body so that it is not born alive 人工流产；堕胎

expend

vt.

(fml.) use time, energy, money, etc. to do sth. 花费；消耗；支出

We will have to expend all our energies on the development of our communities rather than on political party quarrels. 我们必须把所有的精力放在社会发展上，而不是政党之争上。

threat

1 [C, U] a situation or activity that could cause harm or danger 危害；威胁

Even the most security-conscious computer user is under constant threat from computer viruses. 即使是最具有安全意识的计算机用户也常常面临计算机病毒的威胁。

2 [C] an occasion when sb. says that they will cause you harm or problems, esp. if you do not do what they tell you to do 恐吓；威胁

Officials say they received a bomb threat at about 9:30 a.m. 官员们说上午9:30左右他们收到了炸弹恐吓。

inward

1 (only before noun) felt or experienced in your own mind but not obvious to other people 内心的；精神的

The story caters to everyone's inward yearning for success. 这个故事迎合了大家内心追求成功的渴望。

2 going toward the inside or center of sth. 向内的；向中心的

It is useful to consider the external and inward factors of landscaping for the new building. 考虑一下新建筑环境美化的内外部因素是有用的。

robust

1 firm and determined 坚定的；强硬的

I would prefer to take a robust attitude. 我宁愿采取坚定的态度。

2 (of a person) strong and healthy （人）强壮的，强健的

The healthy and robust young man has a glorious future before him. 这个年轻人身强力壮，前途辉煌。

maintain

vt.

make sth. stay the same; keep 保持；维持

Only a few people nowadays are able to maintain friendships into adulthood. 如今只有少数人能将友谊维持到成年了。

slack

vi.

try to avoid working 偷懒；逃避工作

He felt so tired after the long journey that he ignored his job and began to slack off when he was at work. 长途旅行后他感到非常疲倦，于是对工作漠不关心，开始在工作中偷懒。

1 loose and not pulled tight 松弛的；不紧的

After being washed too many times, the elastic band in her skirt became slack, and she had to replace it with a new one. 她裙子上的松紧带洗的次数太多了，都变松了，她不得不换了条新的。

2 not taking enough care to make sure sth. is done well 松懈的；懈怠的；疏忽的

Since he came into power one month ago, the new mayor has done a lot to change the slack image of his city's government. 自从一个月前上任以来，新市长做

了许多工作来改变市政府的懒散形象。

transcend

vt.

(fml.) become free of negative attitudes, thoughts, or feelings that limit what you can achieve 超越，摆脱（消极的态度、思想或情绪）

She was able to transcend her own suffering and help others. 她能够战胜自身的痛苦并帮助他人。

handicap

n. [C]

1 a disadvantage that prevents you from doing sth. well 障碍；不利条件

Smoking is a known handicap to sleep. 人们已知吸烟对睡眠不利。

2 (old-fashioned) a physical or mental injury or illness that is severe and permanent （身体或智力的）缺陷，残疾（该词现在被认为具冒犯义）

Often some physical or mental handicap prevents a child from learning. 身体或智力上的某种缺陷常常妨碍孩子学习。

feat

[C] sth. impressive that sb. does 技艺；业绩；功绩

This feat has never been approached by any player in baseball history. 在棒球历史上，这一业绩还没有任何选手达到过。

Phrases and expressions

remove sth. / sb. from sth.

take sth. or sb. away from a place 移开；拿开；去掉；从…机构开除

The new computerized system removed 700 people from their jobs. 新系统的计算机化使得700人失去了工作。

deviate from sth.

be different from sth.; do sth. differently from what is usual or expected 背离；偏离；违背

Those who deviate from one part of the plan are almost certain to deviate from the whole in the end. 偏离部分计划的人最终几乎一定会背离整体计划。

preclude sb. from doing sth.

prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事；妨碍某人做某事

write sb. / sth. off

decide that sb. or sth. is a failure or not worth paying any attention to 认定…失败（或没有价值、不可救药等）

Don't write John off too soon; he may surprise you! 不要过早放弃约翰，他也许会出乎你的意料！

fail in sth.

not be successful in achieving sth. 做…失败；未能做到…

I'm sorry to tell you that your friend failed in his attempt to get the position. 很抱歉地告诉你，你朋友争取得到这个职位的尝试失败了。

triumph over

defeat sb. or sth.; be successful 打败；战胜；成功

The Qin triumphed over six rival states and emerged as the only power posed to unify China. 秦国战胜了六国对手，成为统一中国的唯一强权。

in (the) pursuit of sth.

in the process of looking for or trying to find sth. 在追求…的过程中；在寻求…的过程中

Unfortunately, not every magazine is produced and edited in the pursuit of excellence. 遗憾的是，不是每本杂志的制作和编辑都力求卓越。

work one's way to / through / into

achieve sth. gradually by working （通过努力）逐步达到

He spent 16 years with one company and worked his way into a top management position. 他在一家公司干了16年，通过努力最后成为了公司高层。

act as

perform a particular role or function 充当；起作用

My dictionaries act as great helpers in my study. 我的字典是我学习中的好帮手。

fall down

fail because of a particular reason or in a particular way 不足；不够好

The local authority is falling down on the job of keeping the streets clean. 地方政府没能做好保持街道整洁的工作。

Proper names

Winston Churchill 温斯顿 • 丘吉尔（1874-1965，英国保守党政治家，二战期间担任英国首相，1951-1955年再度出任英国首相）

Harrow 哈罗公学（Harrow School，位于伦敦西北角，英国历史悠久的著名公学之一）

Albert Einstein 阿尔伯特 • 爱因斯坦（1879-1955，美国物理学家、数学家）

Thomas Edison 托马斯 • 爱迪生（1847-1931，美国发明家）

Abraham Lincoln 亚伯拉罕 • 林肯（1809-1865，美国第16任总统）

Sandra Day O'Connor 桑德拉 • 戴 • 奥康纳（1930-，美国首位联邦最高法院女法官）

Stanford Law School 斯坦福大学法学院

Supreme Court Justice （美国）最高法院大法官

Reading comprehensive——Understanding

1.He achieved fame for his wit, wisdom, civic duty, and abundant courage.

2.They were thought to be slow learners in childhood, but they overcame their childhood difficulties and made magnificent discoveries that benefit the entire world today.

3.His strong will.

4.It means to keep their focus on achieving a positive end result, instead of letting small problems get in the way of good results.

5.Because they have the will to overcome profound obstacles and to work diligently in the pursuit of their goals, and have the passion for success.

6.Because firms preferred to hire less qualified men rather than risk hiring a female lawyer, which was unprecedented.

7.We should never give up on our dream, and one day we can change the world and make it a better place.

8.The secret of success is built upon a burning inward desire — a robust, fierce will and focus — that fuels the determination to act, to keep preparing, to keep going even when we are tired and fail.

Reading comprehensive——Critical thinking

1.You may have tried and failed many times before you finally get success. But it does not matter. What matters is whether you can summon up (鼓起) all your courage again and again to face the hardships standing in the way of success.

2.Luck, talent, good relationships with your colleagues, etc.

3.• When I have realized that I am pursuing something that is hard to achieve, I would try to stick to the goal. But I will begin to think of what I can do to improve the situation. When it still doesn't work, I would try to analyze what the problem is and then make some changes and probably reset my goal.

• Yes, sometimes we are pursuing the wrong goal which can never be achieved, only to find ourselves in deep frustration and profound fatigue. In this situation, I may give up the wrong goal and set up another goal that is achievable.

4.• Following the guidance of senior people.

• Getting sound advice from our parents.

• Setting a correct goal.

• Achieving success step by step.

• Developing good interpersonal relationships.

Language focus——Words in use

1.whereby 2.pursuit 3.inhibit 4.maintain 5.patriotic 6.transcended 7.endeavors 8.dedication 9.prestige 10.nominate

Language focus——Word Building：practice 1

1.inhabit 2.participant 3.attendant 4.pollutant 5.descendant 6.contestant 7.tolerant 8.resultant/resultful 9.neglectful 10.resourceful 11.boastful 12.respectful

Language focus——Word Building：practice 2

1.resultant 2.tolerant 3.pollutants 4.inhabited 5.contestants 6.descendants 7.attendants 8.respectful 9.participants 10.neglectful 11.resourceful 12.boastful

Language focus——Banked cloze

1.eventually 2.premier 3.endeavor 4.bypass 5.handicaps 6.committed 7.attained 8.transcend 9.feats 10.slightest

Language focus——Expressions in use

1.removed from 2.failed in 3.in the pursuit of 4.deviated from 5.precludes...from 6.triumph over 7.work their way into 8.written off

Structure analysis and writing ——Structure writing——Practice

They say there’s no place like home. In my case, there isn’t much that is good about my apartment. My apartment has given me nothing but headaches. From the day I signed the lease, I’ve had to deal with an uncooperative landlord, an incompetent janitor, and inconsiderate neighbors.

First of all, my landlord has been uncooperative since the first day I moved to the apartment. He didn’t let me bring my fish into the apartment. He said that pets are not allowed even though it’s just a fish. Because of that, I must leave my fish at my parents’ house. He also forbids me from using water from 9 a.m. until 3 p.m. Because of that, I must wake up at 7 a.m. every day to take a bath. Of course I complained about this to him, but he said that is the apartment’s rule. Before I leased the apartment, he didn’t say that there are such rules in the apartment.

I’ve had problems not only with my landlord but also with an incompetent janitor. The janitor is a retired policeman. He tried to fix the pipe in the apartment, but he flooded the apartment instead. He also broke my air conditioner when he tried to fix it. Because of that, my apartment becomes as hot as a desert every afternoon. Not only that, but he also broke my antique vase that cost me $100. Even worse, when he plugged his USB flash drive into my laptop to copy my songs, the viruses from his flash drive spread into my laptop. I had to reformat my laptop, and because of that, all of my important documents are gone.

Perhaps the worst trouble of all has been with the inconsiderate neighbors who live in the apartment above me. My neighbors are two university students. They have lived upstairs for about one year. They like to party, so I can’t sleep.

This happened not only once, but every Saturday night. I tried to speak to them, but they suggested putting in ear plugs when I’m about to sleep. On top of it all, they always turn up the volume of their music to the maximum.

Sometimes, my apartment seems like a small, friendly oasis surrounded by hostile enemies. I never know what other trouble is going to come from next: the landlord, the janitor, or the neighbors. Home may be where the heart is, but my sanity is thinking about moving out.

Reading skills——Practice

1.Denotation: a work of art that is excellent

Connotation: Les Brown regarded his own performance in his shabby room as a masterpiece. The word implies Les Brown's confidence in realizing his dream as a DJ.

2.Denotation: a large project, especially one that is difficult.

Connotation: Les Brown took his dream as an enterprise, a lifelong career, to which he attached great importance. At the same time, to become a DJ was by no means an easy job.

3.Denotation: take in or absorb liquid

Connotation: Soak up implies that Les Brown was eager to seize every

opportunity to learn something new in order to be better prepared to become a DJ in the future.

4.Denotation: take or hold sb./sth. with your hand suddenly

Connotation: Grab in this context means to pick up the phone in a very quick movement, implying a sense of anxiety.

5.Denotation: turn over into a different position with a sudden quick movement

Connotation: Flip shows that Les Brown had become quite familiar with the machine because he practiced a lot in his free time.

6.Denotation: move, drive or push forward or in a particular direction

Connotation: Propel here suggests that Les Brown was driven to go forward by his strong determination and adequate preparation.

窗体底端 Unit 2

Text A

Vocabulary

waterproof

not allowing water to enter 防水的；不透水的

I can wear my watch when I swim because it is waterproof. 游泳时我可以戴手表，因为我的表是防水的。

[C, usu. pl.] a jacket or coat that does not allow rain and water through it 防水衣物；雨衣

You'll need waterproofs in such changeable weather. 天气如此多变，你会用得着雨衣的。

jetty

[C] a wide wall or flat area built out into the water, used for getting on and off boats 栈桥；突堤；登岸码头

notorious

famous or well-known for sth. bad 臭名昭著的；声名狼藉的

The bar has become notorious as a meeting place for drug dealers. 这家酒吧作为毒贩子接头的场所已变得声名狼藉。

hop

vi.

jump up or move somewhere quickly 快速行走；弹跳

The insect hopped from place to place, but always returned as soon as the search was over. 这虫子到处乱跳，只要人们不再找它，便又跑出来了。

oust

vt.

force sb. out of a position of power, esp. so that you can take their place （尤指为取而代之而）迫使（某人）放弃职位；把…撵走

The team was ousted from the tournament in the first round of the play-offs.

该队在季后赛的首轮就被淘汰出联赛了。

feeble

1 extremely weak 非常虚弱的；无力的

Her grandfather is very old and feeble, and he only gets around in a wheelchair. 她爷爷年迈体弱，只能靠轮椅走动。

2 not very good or effective 蹩脚的；无效的；站不住脚的

Students who give feeble excuses for their missing assignments annoy their teacher very much. 那些没交作业的学生给出的理由很蹩脚，这让老师十分生气。

recede

vi.

1 become less strong or likely 减弱，减小（可能性）

With the passage of time, my unhappy memories of that place receded. 随着时间的流逝，我对那个地方的不愉快记忆渐渐淡了。

2 move back from a high point or level （从高处）后退

As the tide receded, we were able to look for shells. 潮水退去，我们可以找贝壳了。

deem

vt.

(fml.) consider that sb. or sth. has a particular quality 认为

The principal will take whatever action he deems appropriate in this case. 在这种情况下，校长会采取他认为适当的任何行动。

pathetic

1 making you feel pity or sympathy 招人怜悯的；可怜的

The starving children were a pathetic sight. 饥饿的儿童看起来很凄惨。

2 useless or not effective in an annoying way 没用的；无效的

I know it sounds pathetic, but I can't ride a bike. 我知道这听起来挺窝囊，但我就是不会骑自行车。

mob

[C] (infml.) a group of people of the same type 同类的一群人

The road was blocked by a rioting mob. 闹事的人群把路堵上了。

gasp

vi.

1 breathe in suddenly, e.g. because you are surprised, shocked, or in pain （因惊讶、惊吓或痛苦而）倒抽气，喘气，喘息

They gasped in astonishment at the news of their team's victory at the Olympic Games. 他们听到球队在奥运会上获胜的消息惊讶得倒抽了一口气。

2 make a violent effort to breathe because you need more air 急促地喘气；猛地吸气

Shortly after giving me a pill, my mother rushed me to the hospital because I had an allergic reaction and was gasping for breath. 母亲给我服下一粒药丸后不久就火速送我去了医院，因为我出现了过敏反应，呼吸急促。

catastrophe

1 [C] an event which is very bad for the people involved 麻烦；困境；不利的局面

The attempt to expand the business during this time of recession was a catastrophe for the firm. 在这种萧条时期尝试扩展业务使这家公司陷入了困境。

2 [C, U] a terrible event in which there is a lot of destruction, suffering, or death 灾难；大祸；严重的不幸

Flooding is a major catastrophe, which tends to cause a heavy loss of life. 洪水是重大灾难，容易引发大量伤亡。

tide

[C] the way that the level of the sea regularly rises and falls during the day 潮；潮汐

bleak

1 without anything to make you feel happy or hopeful 没有希望的；令人沮丧的

The news in recent weeks has been rather bleak. 近来几周的消息都相当不好。

2 cold and without any pleasant or comfortable features 阴冷的；阴郁的

It was early March; it had been drizzling on and off all day. It was a little bleak. 时令是三月初，成天细雨蒙蒙，时断时续；天气有点阴冷。

tow

[sing.] the activity of pulling one vehicle behind another （车辆的）拖，拉

My car broke down but luckily someone gave me a tow. 我的车抛锚了，但幸亏有人让我把车挂在他车后拖行。

vt.

pull a vehicle or boat by fixing it to another vehicle or boat 拖，拉，牵引（车辆或船只）

The car broke down, and we had to call Roadside Assistance to come and tow the car to a mechanic's shop. 汽车抛锚了，我们只得呼叫道路救援赶来把车子拖到修理厂。

intervene

vi.

become involved in an argument, fight, or other difficult situation in order to change what happens 干预；介入；插手

The police have been involved but are reluctant to intervene in family conflicts. 警察来了，但他们不愿介入家庭纠纷。

interrupt sb. when they are speaking 打岔；插话

Her face shows her disagreement with what is being said. But she doesn't intervene. 她的表情说明她对正在说的话并不赞同，但她没有插话。

appraise

vt.

(fml.) officially judge how successful, effective, or valuable sth. is 评定；鉴定；估价

If you want to know how much this old painting is worth, have it appraised by an art dealer. 如果你想了解这幅古画价值多少，那就找一位艺术品经销商来估一下价。

symptom

n. [C]

1 sth. wrong with your body or mind which shows that you have a particular illness 症状

You need to see a doctor at the first sign of symptoms of the flu. 一旦发现有流感症状，你就要去看医生。

2 a sign that a serious problem exists （严重问题存在的）征兆，征候

High interest rates are a symptom of a weak economy. 高利率是经济孱弱的征兆。

underestimate

think or guess that sth. is smaller, cheaper, easier, etc. than it really is （对…）估计不足；低估；看轻

One should not underestimate the consequences of the world's population explosion. 我们不应低估世界人口爆炸的后果。

vt.

think that sb. is not as good, clever, or skillful, as they really are 轻视，小看（某人）

I wouldn't underestimate her if I were you — she's smarter than you think. 我

要是你的话，我不会小看她——她比你想象的要聪明。

midst

[U] (fml.) (in the ~ of sth.) while sth. else is happening 当某事发生的时候

It will be a pleasure to see you in the midst of your work and to have the opportunity of meeting your students. 能在您工作中与您见面并有机会见到您的学生，将是一件让人十分高兴的事。

paralyze

vt. (BrE paralyse) (often passive)

1 make sb. unable to think or behave normally, esp. by frightening them （尤指通过恐吓）使丧失思考能力，使丧失正常行为能力，使呆若木鸡

Most people fear public speaking. The thought of standing alone in front of and speaking to a large audience can paralyze you. 大多数人都害怕公共演说。一想到要独自站在一大群听众面前讲话就会吓得不知所措。

2 make sb. lose the ability to move their body or a part of it 使瘫痪；使麻痹

As a result of his injuries, he has become partially paralyzed on his left side. 受

伤后他身体左侧已经处于半瘫痪状态。

impromptu

not planned or prepared 未计划的；即兴的；即席的；无准备的

This is not a formal party, and I don't know how many people will come because it's completely impromptu. 这不是一个正式的聚会，我也不知道有多少人会来，因为这是即兴组织的。

ridge

n. [C]

1 sth. long and thin that is raised above the things around it 脊；垄；棱纹

2 a long area of high land, esp. at the top of a mountain 山脊

whirl

turn or spin around very quickly, or make sb. or sth. do this （使）急转；（使）迅速旋转

Tom whirled his girlfriend across the dance floor. 汤姆拥着他的女朋友从舞池的一边旋转到另一边。

athletic

1 physically strong and good at sport 强壮的；擅长运动的

She looked magnificent, her athletic figure showing to its best in the tightly fitting black jacket. 她看起来棒极了，紧身黑夹克将她健美的身材衬托到极致。

2 (only before noun) relating to athletics 运动的

All tickets for the swimming competition were sold out, and we couldn't watch this popular athletic event. 游泳比赛的票都已售罄，我们不能观看这一大受欢迎的赛事了。

dismay

[U] the worry, disappointment, or unhappiness you feel when sth. unpleasant happens 忧虑；失望；沮丧

To his dismay, she left him and fell in love with Peter. 令他失望的是，她离开了他，

爱上了彼得。

vt.

make sb. feel worried, disappointed, and upset 使担心；使失望；使忧虑

He was dismayed at the change in his old friend. 他对于老朋友所发生的变化深感忧虑。

batter

hit sb. or sth. again and again, in a way that hurts sb. or causes damage 殴打；连续猛击；撞击

During the war, the city was battered by bombs. 战争期间，这座城市遭受了轰炸。

vicious

1 violent and cruel in a way that hurts sb. physically 凶险的；会造成伤害的

This was a wicked crime that was particularly vicious and brutal. 这是一桩伤天害理的罪行，尤其恶劣残暴。

2 unpleasantly strong or severe 剧烈的；恶劣的

I had suffered from a vicious headache for days. 几天来我一直忍受着剧烈头痛之苦。

clarity

n. [sing., U]

1 the ability to be seen or heard clearly 清晰度

This remarkable technology provides far greater clarity than conventional x-rays. 这一神奇的技术比常规的X射线清晰得多。

2 the quality of expressing ideas or thoughts in a clear way 清晰；清楚；明确

His additional explanation simply promoted confusion rather than clarity. 他进一步的解释只是添乱而非澄清。

paw

if an animal paws sth., it touches it several times with its foot 用爪子抓（或挠）

Every night before her dinner, my dog would run to paw my knee. 我的狗每天

晚饭前都会跑来抓我的膝盖。

[C] an animal's foot that has nails or claws （动物的）爪子

She looked at the dog, who was licking his injured paw and rubbing his sore nose. 她看了看狗，它正舔着受伤的爪子，磨蹭着红肿的鼻子。

derail

vt.

(mainly journalism) prevent sth. from continuing in the way it was planned 使离开正常进程；扰乱

Hopefully, those territorial disputes won't derail the ongoing peace process between the two countries. 希望领土上的争端不会扰乱两国间的和平进程。

make a train go off the railroad tracks, or go off the tracks （使）（火车）出轨

The train derailed in heavy snow. 火车在大雪中脱轨了。

perish

vi.

(fml.) die, esp. in a terrible or sudden way 死亡（尤指惨死或猝死）

A large number of people perished from hunger and thirst. 很多人死于饥渴。

forcibly

ad.

1 using physical force 用强力；用武力

She managed to separate the fighting boys forcibly. 她强行把打架的孩子们分开了。

2 in a way that has a strong clear effect 清楚有力地

When they read the fallen soldiers' names, it struck me very forcibly. 当他们读到阵亡士兵的名字时，我被深深地震撼了。

escort

vt.

1 take sb. somewhere, esp. when you are protecting or guarding them 护送；护卫

He will escort you, your mother and father on your journey. 他一路上会护送你和你父母。

2 go with sb. and show them a place 陪同（某人）游览；给（某人）当导游

He escorted me to the library upstairs. 他陪同我去了楼上的图书馆。

practicable

(fml.) able to be done or used successfully 可行的；能实行的

The idea is interesting but not practicable, I'm afraid. 这个主意很有趣，但恐怕不可行。

brink

[sing.] (the ~ of sth.) a situation when you are almost in a new situation, usu. a bad one （某事物的）边缘（一般指即将面临坏情况）

We must help these children; they are on the brink of starvation. 我们必须帮助这些孩子，他们正处在饥饿的边缘。

ascend

(fml.) rise; go up; climb up 上升；升高；登高

The air thins as we ascend high to the top of the mountain. 随着我们向山顶高处攀登，空气变得稀薄了。

salvation

n. [U]

1 in the Christian religion, the state of being saved from evil （基督教中）对灵魂的拯救，救赎

In church, she prays for salvation on the day of doom. 在教堂里，她祈祷最后审判日能得到救赎。

2 sth. that prevents or saves sb. or sth. from danger, loss, or failure 解救物；救星；救助者

Tourism has been the salvation of this country. 旅游业拯救了这个国家。

hug

vt.

put your arms around sb. and hold them tightly to show love or friendship 拥抱

As they parted, he put his arms around her shoulders to hug her goodbye. 当他们分别时，他用双臂搂着她的肩膀，拥抱道别。

[C] the action of putting your arms around sb. and holding them tightly to show love or friendship 拥抱；紧抱

He stopped to receive hugs and kisses from his fans. 他停下来接受崇拜者的拥抱和亲吻。

weary

1 very tired or bored, esp. because you have been doing sth. for a long time （尤指因长期做某事而）筋疲力尽的，非常疲劳的，厌烦的，厌倦的

Come in and eat with us; I'm sure you must be weary from your long journey. 我想你长途旅行一定劳累了，进来跟我们一起吃吧。

2 (esp. literary) very tiring 令人疲倦的

They finally set out on the long, weary journey home. 他们终于踏上了漫长而令人疲惫的归家之路。

Phrases and expressions

pull to a stop

stop moving 停下

They pull to a stop where the group is gathered. 他们在人群聚集的地方停下。

sick to one's stomach

feeling that food you have eaten is going to come out of your stomach through your mouth 想呕吐的

A pregnant woman may feel sick to her stomach all day long. 孕妇会成天感觉反胃。

black out

become unconscious 晕厥；失去知觉

We had a lot of wine, but we didn't drink enough to black out. 我们是喝了很多

酒，但我们还不至于喝到醉得不省人事。

pop up

appear, sometimes unexpectedly 突然出现；冒出来

For years, Chinese billionaires began to pop up most frequently in Forbes magazine. 数年来，中国的亿万富豪频繁出现在《福布斯》杂志排行榜上。

stop short

suddenly stop speaking or stop what you are doing, because sth. has surprised you or you have just thought of sth. （在说话或做事时因吃惊或想到某事而）突然停下

He stopped short when he heard his name. 听见有人喊自己的名字，他突然停下了。

plow through sth.

move through sth. with a lot of difficulty 艰难费力地通过

She had a special VIP pass and plowed through the waiting crowd in front of the theater. 因为有特殊贵宾卡，她从剧院门前等候的人群中挤了过去。

throw oneself into / at / on / down, etc.

move or jump somewhere suddenly and with a lot of force 突然猛力地冲进 / 扑向 / 跳到 / 扑倒等

Seeing his mother, the boy threw himself into her arms. 小男孩一见到自己的母亲，马上扑进了她的怀抱。

make one's way

go toward sth., esp. when this is difficult or takes a long time 行进（尤指艰难地，或需要很长时间时）

When his name was called, he made his way to the stage. 当他听到叫自己名字时，他朝着舞台走去。

let oneself go

relax completely and enjoy yourself 放松自己；放纵自己

He really lets himself go when he's out partying with friends. 他外出和朋友聚会时会彻底放松。

grab for / at sth.

quickly and suddenly put out your hand to try and catch or get sth. （迅速伸手）抓住

He grabbed for the ball but missed. 他去抢球，但没抢着。

Proper names

the Mediterranean Sea 地中海（位于欧洲、非洲和亚洲之间的内陆海）

Reading comprehensive——Understanding

1.Because when he once hopped from the highest diving board at the pool, he hit the water with an incredible impact and blacked out.

2.No, they couldn't. Because with the water's tow, they'd never get to the drowning boy.

3.Because nobody except Jason saw that going out onto the jetty, which was close to the boy, was the fastest way to reach the drowning boy.

4.Because his fear of water suddenly struck him.

5.He felt like he was back in that pool, breathless, struggling, terrified.

6.The boy popped back up, eyes wide with terror, pawing and twisting against Jason.

7.No, it wasn't. At first when Jason swam against the rip current, it was forcibly dragging them out to the sea. Then he decided to swim sideways to the pull of the

current and slowly made their way back to shore. Finally he made his way back to safety.

8.Because Jason had already conquered his inner fear of water and he also felt relieved and delighted when he saw the boy was hugged tightly by his mother.

Reading comprehensive——Critical thinking

1.To overcome the inner fear of water, we need to:

• conquer ourselves with courage by helping others, step up and face our fear;

• practice controlled breathing and alternately tense and relax muscle groups to bring into physical awareness the differences between being tense and being relaxed;

• make the victim stop struggling. In this way he / she can be pulled to safety.

2.The fears may come from:

• our own past experience;

• other people's fears we witnessed;

• someone's description about their fears;

• influence of specific cultural and historical context.

3.To get a guy to ask a girl out, try giving him some pointers and ideas on how to approach the situation with confidence:

• Tell the guy to ask a girl on a casual date and see where it goes from there. Explain to him that asking a girl out face-to-face can be most appropriate, as it will show her how serious he is. However, if he thinks that is too daring, then suggest sending her a text message or calling her on the phone.

• Encourage the guy to be assertive and not beat around the bush. Confidence is admirable, and a girl is more likely to be attracted to a man with confidence. If he is asking the girl in person, he should speak as though he knew she would say yes. Tell him not to hesitate and to get straight to the point.

• Suggest that the guy give the girl some choices as to where to go on a date. If he is unsure of what activities or restaurants she enjoys most, this is a great opportunity for him to learn more about her and show her that he cares about her.

4.Obsessive fear leads to anxiety, panic attacks and a variety of psychological problems. We all know what it's like to feel overwhelmed by fear, but fear, as it turns out, is a fundamental part of our lives, and has some positive effects on our lives:

• Fear increases and enhances our sensory awareness of the environment, so

that we can be prepared to protect ourselves from anything potentially threatening or harmful.

• Fear is an invitation to act. Fear is there to warn us that we need to get ready for the future. It isn't there to stop us; it's there to tell us that we are about to grow.

• Fear pushes us beyond our limits. Fear motivates us. It drives us to find new resources and options within ourselves. Fear compels us to make extra efforts to succeed and achieve what we desire.

• Fear is necessary in developing our courage. We can't experience courage without the presence of fear. They go hand in hand. They need one another in order to exist — like darkness and light, or black and white.

Language focus——Words in use

1.intervene 2.underestimate 3.recede 4.deem 5.bleak 6.appraise 7.paralyzed 8.symptoms 9.dismay 10.brink

Language focus——Word Building：practice 1

1.dominancez / dominated 2.avoidance / avoided 3.reliance / replied 4.acquaintance / acquainted 5.clearance / cleared 6.annoyance / annoyed 7.admittance / admitted 8.resemblance / resembled 9.assurance / assured 10.bored 11.privileged 12.distracted

Language focus——Word Building：practice 2

1.bored 2.privileged 3.assurance 4.dominance 5.avoidance 6.acquaintance 7.reliance 8.clearance 9.distracted 10.annoyance 11.admittance 12.resemblance

Language focus——Banked cloze

1.characterized 2.aspects 3.amount 4.recede 5.exposed 6.vicious 7.challenge 8.excessive 9.reaction 10.paralyze

Language focus——Expressions in use

1.pulled to a stop 2.black out 3.pop up 4.stopped short 5.plowed through 6.threw himself into 7.let yourself go 8.grabbed for

Structure analysis and writing ——Structure writing——Practice

A young and successful executive was traveling down a neighborhood street, going a bit too fast in his new Jaguar. He was watching for kids darting out from between parked cars and slowed down when he thought he saw something. As his car passed, no children appeared. Instead, a brick smashed into the car's side door! He slammed on the brakes and drove the Jag back to the spot where the brick had been thrown. The angry executive then jumped out of the car, grabbed the nearest kid and pushed him up against a parked car, shouting, \"What was that all about and who are you? Just what the heck are you doing? That's a new car and that

brick you threw is going to cost a lot of money. Why did you do it?\"

The young boy was apologetic. \"Please mister ... please, I'm sorry ... I didn't know what else to do,\" he pleaded. \"I threw the brick because no one else would stop ...\"

With tears dripping down his face and off his chin, the boy pointed to a spot just around a parked car. \"It's my brother,\" he said. \"He rolled off the curb and fell out of the wheelchair, and I can't lift him up.\"

Now sobbing, the boy asked the stunned executive, \"Would you please help me get him back into his wheelchair? He's hurt and he's too heavy for me.\"

Moved beyond words, the driver tried to swallow the rapidly swelling lump in his throat. He hurriedly lifted the handicapped boy back into the wheelchair, then took out his fancy handkerchief and gently cleaned the boy's fresh scrapes and cuts. A quick look told him everything was going to be OK.

\"Thank you and may God bless you,\" the grateful child told the executive.

Too upset for words, the man simply watched the little boy push his wheelchair-bound brother down the sidewalk toward their home. It was a long, slow walk back to the Jaguar. The damage was very noticeable, but the driver never bothered to repair the side door. He kept the dent there to remind him of this message: \"Don't go through life so fast that someone has to throw a brick at

you to get your attention!\".

Reading skills——Practice

1.\"Knowing grins\" implies that they regarded bumping as a common occurrence in flight.

2.Based on our prior knowledge about what happens, if there is something wrong with the nose-wheel steering and the whole landing gear system, we can infer that the passengers and the crew were all in danger, and it was highly possible that the plane would crash.

3.This sentence shows that the mother's gaze at the child displayed a deep care and concern, which calmed down the child in order to keep her from being influenced by the outside dangers, implying that the mother's love was so great that it could help the little child conquer all the outside fears.

4.This paragraph tells a simple truth that their survival from the possible air crash was a miracle, and a lot of luck.

窗体底端 Unit 3

Text A

Vocabulary

noteworthy

important or interesting enough to deserve your attention 值得注意的；显著的

One of the most noteworthy trends in contemporary American higher education is the tendency among community colleges to offer certificate programs besides the traditional associate degrees. 当代美国高等教育最显著的趋势之一就是社区大学除了授予传统的副学士学位，还开设学历课程。

domain

[C] (fml.) an area of activity, interest, or knowledge, esp. one that a particular person, organization, etc. deals with （活动、兴趣或知识的）领域，范围，范畴

Recent research in the clinical domain has benefited from the incorporation of multiple methods of measurement. 临床领域近期的研究得益于多种测量方法的结合使用。

portray

vt.

1 act the part of a character in a play, film, or television program 扮演（角色）

It was said that Portman studied dance to better portray her character. 听说波特曼学习舞蹈是为了更好地扮演她的角色。

2 (~ sb. / sth. as sth.) describe or show sb. or sth. in a particular way, according to your opinion of them 把某人/某物描写成某种样子

Lawyers tend to portray their clients as misguided underprivileged youths. 律师往往将自己的当事人描述成受人误导的贫困青年。

exemplary

excellent and providing a good example for people to follow 模范的；可作楷模的

Mary had proven to be an exemplary educator to her students and a trusted and cherished friend to her colleagues. 玛丽对学生而言是一位模范教师，对同事而言是一位值得信任和珍惜的朋友。

ambassador

[C] an important official who represents his or her government in a foreign country 大使

He was President Clinton's energy secretary and ambassador to the United Nations. 他担任过克林顿总统的能源部长和驻联合国大使。

brutality

[C, U] cruel and violent behavior, or an event involving cruel and violent treatment 野蛮行为；野蛮事件

The ruler's brutality forced unarmed citizens to defend themselves. 统治者的野蛮行径迫使手无寸铁的市民进行自卫。

captive

kept in prison or in a place that you are not allowed to leave 被关押的；遭监禁的

A teenage boy called 911, claiming to be held captive in a house. 一个十几岁的

男孩拨打了911，声称自己被囚禁在一座房子里。

dart

vi.

move suddenly and quickly in a particular direction 猛冲；突进

A deer suddenly darted out into the street from inside the forest. 一只鹿突然从森林里冲出来，跑到街上来了。

huddle

lie or sit with your arms and legs close to your body because you feel ill, cold or upset （因生病、寒冷或烦恼）蜷缩着身体

The cat came inside from the rain and huddled behind the heater to warm up again. 猫从雨中进到屋里，蜷缩在暖炉后面，好把身子暖和过来。

foul

very dirty, or smelling or tasting unpleasant 肮脏的；难闻的；难吃的

The odor of smoke couldn't hide the foul smell of the dirty room. 烟的气味也无法盖住这个脏房间难闻的味道。

anonymous

unknown by name 无名的；不署名的

We are also grateful for the generous gifts of three anonymous donors. 我们也感谢三位匿名捐赠者慷慨的礼物。

refugee

[C] sb. who has been forced to leave their country, esp. during a war, or for political or religious reasons 难民；避难者

A UN refugee agency spokesman says as many as 100,000 people have already fled the country, and more are likely to follow. 一位联合国难民署发言人说已有多达10万人逃离了那个国家，后面可能还有更多的人要跟随其后。

fragile

easily broken or damaged 脆弱的；易碎的；易损坏的

This great recession clearly demonstrates how fragile the markets are. 这次经济大萧条清楚地表明市场是多么脆弱。

fragility

[U] 脆弱

Events like the senseless Colorado movie theater shooting remind us of the fragility of life and the value of every single day. 科罗拉多电影院开枪滥杀这类事件提醒我们生命是脆弱的，每一天都是宝贵的。

afflict

vt.

(fml.) (often passive) affect sb. or sth. in an unpleasant way, and make them suffer 使受痛苦；折磨

Afflicted by an unexplained illness, he missed school for the next two weeks. 由于遭受不明疾病的折磨，他接下来两周都没上课。

immigrant

[C] sb. who enters another country to live there permanently （外来）移民

A Chinese immigrant in New York works as a janitor and has a daughter at Harvard, a son at Yale, and another son at MIT. 一位在纽约的华裔移民是个看门人，有个女儿上哈佛，一个儿子上耶鲁，还有一个儿子在麻省理工。

rigorous

1 very severe or strict 严酷的；严厉的

To get a doctoral degree, you are required to have rigorous training in research and specialized knowledge in your subject areas. 要想获得博士学位，你得在研究方面进行严苛的训练，还得有课题方面的专业知识。

2 careful, thorough, and exact 严格的；缜密的；精确的

Many people believed in her healing powers, however, she could offer no rigorous scientific evidence that her treatment actually saves lives. 许多人都相信她的治病能力，然而，她提供不了严格的科学证据表明她的治疗确实能够救人。

compliment

vt.

say sth. nice to sb. in order to praise them 赞美；称赞

The manager compliments people as often as he can. It takes no time at all, but it makes a big difference. 那位经理尽可能多地称赞别人。这花不了什么时间，但是效果却很好。

[C] a remark that shows you admire sb. or sth. 赞美的话；夸奖；称赞

She started almost every conversation with a compliment. 她几乎每次和人交谈都是从夸奖开始。

humanitarian

(only before noun) concerned with improving bad living conditions and preventing unfair treatment of people 博爱的；人道主义的

The hospital knew they couldn't charge the patients any money, but for humanitarian reasons they provided their services. 这家医院知道他们不能收取这些病人任何费用，但是出于人道主义原因，还是提供了服务。

divorce

[C, U] the legal ending of a marriage 离婚

For her, it was a huge risk and an act of courage to get a divorce. 对她而言，离婚有巨大的风险，是需要勇气的行为。

if sb. divorces their husband or wife, or if two people divorce, they legally end their marriage （与…）离婚

Why should two good people like her parents be forced to divorce each other? 像她父母那样的两个好人，为什么还会被迫离婚呢？

jeopardize

vt.

(BrE jeopardise) risk losing or spoiling sth. important 危及；危害；损害

She held her tongue, realizing that anger could only jeopardize their relationship. 她意识到生气只会损害他们的关系，于是保持沉默。

paradise

[C, U] a perfect place or situation 乐土；完美的境界；天堂

If it's perfect for the adults, it's paradise for the kids. 如果对成人而言这是完美，对孩子而言这就是天堂。

conscientious

careful to do everything that it is your job or duty to do 勤勉认真的；细心负责的

She was not only a successful doctor but also a fine mother and a conscientious daughter-in-law. 她不仅是一位成功的医生，还是一个杰出的母亲、尽责的儿媳。

diplomat

[C] sb. who officially represents their government in a foreign country 外交官；外交家

This task takes the strategic skills of a general and the tact of a diplomat. 执行这项任务需要有将军的韬略和外交家的机敏。

cozy

(BrE cosy) warm and comfortable, and making you feel relaxed 温暖舒适的；温馨的

The sitting rooms are neat and cozy, while the dining room is elegant and simple. 客厅整洁温馨，餐厅简单优雅。

embark

go onto a ship or a plane, or put or take sth. onto a ship or plane （使）上船/飞机；（使）装船/飞机

The young couple will embark for Dalian next week. 这对年轻夫妇下周乘船去大连。

outreach

[U] the practice of providing help and advice to people in a community before they have to ask for it （对社区居民的）主动提供服务

An outreach program was started by the local university to help children in the community perform better at school. 当地的大学启动了一个面向社区的服务项目，旨在帮助社区里的孩子在学校表现更好。

drought

[C, U] a long period of dry weather when there is not enough water for plants and animals to live 旱灾；干旱

Drought and economic recession accelerated the pace of decline of this region. 干旱和经济衰退加速了这个地区衰落的步伐。

beneficiary

[C]sb. who gets advantages from an action or change 受益者；受惠者

To Tom's surprise, he was the only beneficiary of his uncle's will. 令汤姆吃惊的是，自己是叔叔遗嘱的唯一受益人。

wicked

behaving in a way that is morally wrong 邪恶的；缺德的

Ross not only had a wicked reputation, he even looked wicked. 罗斯不仅名声恶劣，甚至看着就邪恶。

deprive

vt.

(~ sb. of sth.) prevent sb. from having sth., esp. sth. that they need or should have 剥夺

Parents who deprive children of food are wicked, and their children may become malnourished. 不让孩子吃饭的父母是恶毒的，他们的孩子可能会营养不良。

misery

[C, U] great suffering that is caused e.g. by being very poor or very sick 痛苦；难受；苦难

Our happiness or misery depends on our dispositions, and not on our circumstances. 我们的欢乐或痛苦是由我们的性情决定的，不是由我们所处的环境决定的。

ideology

[C, U] a set of beliefs on which a political or economic system is based, or which strongly influence the way people behave （政治或经济上的）思想体系；（对人们行为有强烈影响的）观念

It was more accurate to describe his explanations as an ideology rather than a science. 把他的解释描述为一种思想比说它是一门科学更准确。

integral

forming a necessary part of sth. （构成整体所）必需的，不可缺少的

These kinds of robots are on the brink of becoming an integral part of our everyday world. 这些机器人即将成为我们日常生活中不可缺少的一部分。

sacred

1 very important or greatly respected 很重要的；神圣的；深受尊重的

It is my sacred duty to safeguard the territory of our motherland. 保卫祖国的领土是我的神圣职责。

2 relating to a god or religion 上帝的；神的；宗教（性）的

The cow is a sacred animal in Hindu culture. 在印度文化中, 牛是一种神圣的动物。

cherish

vt.

1 love sb. or sth. very much and take care of them well 钟爱；珍爱

I have retired parents whom I love and cherish. 我父母亲已退休，他们是我所钟爱、珍惜的人。

2 think that sth. is very important and wish to keep it 珍爱；珍视

Right after I've put my son to bed, I turn off the TV, phone, and lights, sit on my bed in the dark, and simply cherish the silence. 把儿子一放上床，我就关掉电视、电话、电灯，在黑暗中坐在床上，享受这一片安静。

serene

very calm or peaceful 宁静的；安宁的；平静的

The summer day by the lake in the countryside was serene and beautiful. 乡下湖边的这个夏日宁静而美丽。

gracious

behaving in a polite, kind, and generous way, esp. to people of a lower rank 有礼貌的；仁慈的；和蔼的；亲切的（尤指对较低阶层的人们）

His gracious young wife greeted me at the door and invited me to have a seat. 他年轻和善的妻子在门口欢迎我，并请我入座。

perpetual

(usu. before noun) continuing all the time without changing or stopping 连续不断的；无休止的

For six months, in 2012, I lived in a perpetual state of fear of losing my job. 2012年我有六个月都生活在担心失去工作的持续恐惧之中。

perpetually

ad.

连续不断地；无休止地

He felt unsteady on his feet from lack of food, and he was perpetually thirsty. 由于没吃食物他觉得脚步不稳，而且他一直口渴。

signify

vt.

represent, mean, or be a sign of sth. 代表；表示；象征；意味着

The grades that students receive signify how well they did in their studies. 学生们得到的成绩体现了他们学习的好坏。

majesty

n. [U]

1 the quality that sth. big has of being impressive, powerful, or beautiful 雄伟；壮丽；庄严；崇高

Crowds of people move about the campus in the hours before the game,

marveling at the beauty of the grounds and the majesty of the buildings. 赛前的几小时里，一群群人在校园内来回走动，对场地之美和建筑之雄伟大为叹赏。

2 (Your / Her / His M~) used when talking to or about a king or queen 陛下（对国王或女王的称呼）

They sang a song for Her Majesty's birthday party. 他们为女王的生日晚会唱了一首歌。

poise

[U] a calm confident way of behaving, combined with an ability to control your feelings or reactions in difficult situations 镇定；自信；泰然自若；沉着

Traveling around Europe by herself seems to have given Louisa more poise and confidence. 只身遍游欧洲的经历好像使路易莎变得更加沉着自信了。

Phrases and expressions

take / hold sb. captive

take or keep sb. as a prisoner 关押某人；囚禁某人

The guerrillas shot down one airplane and took the pilot captive. 游击队击落了

一架飞机，并关押了该飞行员。

turn sb. / sth. down

refuse an offer, request, or invitation 拒绝（建议、要求或邀请）

We politely turned down the invitation. 我们有礼貌地拒绝了邀请。

embark on / upon sth.

start sth., esp. sth. new, difficult, or exciting 开始，着手（尤指新的、有难度的或令人激动的事）

I have seen how she gathers courage to embark on a long journey all by herself. 我见过她是如何鼓起勇气独自开始一段远途旅行的。

share in sth.

take part in sth., or have a part of sth. that other people also have 分享；分担；参与

Even though recently I shared in the care-giving duties, Mom had been doing it alone for more than a decade. 尽管近来我也分担起照顾的责任，妈妈却已经独自做了十多年。

lead by example

show the people you are in charge of what you want them to do by doing it yourself 以身作则

Good parents lead by example rather than only tell their children what to do. 好的父母会以身作则，而不只是口头上告诉孩子如何去做。

be stricken by / with

(fml.) be very badly affected by trouble, illness, unhappiness, etc. 受灾；患病；遭损失

The Chinese Red Cross has sent five planeloads of relief supplies to the area that was stricken by the earthquake. 中国红十字会已派出五架装载了救援物资的飞机飞往地震受灾地区。

live on

continue to exist and have influence 继续存在；流传下去

His legend lived on and was made into a popular film in 1973. 他的传奇故事流传了下来，在1973年被拍成了电影，广受欢迎。

Proper names

Holland 荷兰（欧洲西北部国家，即 the Netherlands）

Audrey Hepburn 奥黛丽 • 赫本（1929-1993，英国著名影星）

Breakfast at Tiffany's 《蒂凡尼的早餐》（1961） Sabrina 《龙凤配》（1954）

Roman Holiday 《罗马假日》（1953） My Fair Lady 《窈窕淑女》（1964） War and Peace 《战争与和平》（1956） Always 《直到永远》（1989）

UNICEF 联合国儿童基金会（现称为 the United Nations Children's Fund）

UNICEF Ambassador of Goodwill 联合国儿童基金会亲善大使

Nazi 纳粹分子

Gregory Peck 格列高利 • 派克（1916-2003，美国电影巨星）

Billy Wilder 比利 • 怀尔德（1906-2002，犹太裔美国著名导演）

Academy Awards 学院奖，即奥斯卡金像奖

Robert Wolders 罗伯特 • 沃尔德斯（1936- ，荷兰电视演员）

Robby 罗比（Robert的昵称）

Bangladesh 孟加拉国（亚洲国家）

Sudan 苏丹（非洲东北部国家）

Vietnam 越南（东南亚国家）

Kenya 肯尼亚（东非国家）

Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚（非洲东北部国家）

Somalia 索马里（东非国家）

Hubert de Givenchy 于贝尔 • 德 • 纪梵希（1927- ，法国著名时装设计师）

Reading comprehensive——Understanding

1.We can best portray Audrey Hepburn as an exemplary mother and a dedicated UNICEF Ambassador of Goodwill.

2.When the guards glanced away she darted off, barely escaping, and huddled in a cold, foul basement full of rats.

3.She was spotted by a producer and eventually landed a role in the film

Roman Holiday.

4.She suffered from them, but she never let her sadness overcome her or jeopardize her hope for a brighter future.

5.For Audrey it was a paradise where she could hide from the world with her beloved family, work in her garden and take long walks in nature.

6.Because she had many trips into the most difficult places on earth where people suffered from droughts and wars. She wanted to relieve their sufferings by offering spiritual and material help. So, when she was trying to complete her missions, she had to provide a lot of emotional care and was always confronted with dangerous tasks.

7.She believed deeply in the ideology that all people share in the duty to care for those in need.

8.Eyes will be beautiful if they always look for the good in others. Lips will be beautiful if they speak only kind words. Confidence is to be obtained when you walk while knowing that you are never walking by yourself. Audrey's words further show her simplicity, charity, charm and kindness.

Reading comprehensive——Critical thinking

1.• Experience.

• Determination.

• Opportunity.

• Beauty.

• Wealth.

2.• Buy a house.

• Travel around the world.

• Run my own company.

• Serve people in need.

3.• They want to help people with their influence.

• It's just a way for them to seek fame.

4.I think Bill Gates can equal Audrey Hepburn's goodwill and dedication. In 2000 he launched the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation which is said to be one of the largest private foundations in the world. The primary aims of the foundation are, globally, to enhance healthcare and reduce extreme poverty, and in America,

to expand educational opportunities and access to information technology.

Language focus——Words in use

1.integral 2.cherish 3.afflicted 4.noteworthy 5.portray 6. Compliment 7.domain 8.anonymous 9.conscientious 10.perpetual

Language focus——Word Building：practice 1

1.generalize 2.normalize 3.publicize 4.minimize 5.immunize 6.mobilize 7.investor 8.dictator 9.conqueror 10.investigator 11.moderator 12.elevate

Language focus——Word Building：practice 2

1.normalize 2.moderator 3.immunized 4.investors 5.mobilize 6.conqueror 7.elevate 8.publicizes 9.investigator 10.minimized 11.generalize 12.dictator

Language focus——Banked cloze

1.domain 2.define 3.popularity 4.mentally 5.diplomatic 6.committed 7.devote 8.surviving 9.embarked 10.humanitarian

Language focus——Expressions in use

1.embark on 2.be deprived of 3.turn down 4.taken captive 5.live on 6.share in 7.wa s stricken by 8.led by example

Structure analysis and writing ——Structure writing——Practice

Alfred Hitchcock was an English film director and producer. The magazine

MovieMaker has described him as the most influential filmmaker of all time, and

he is widely regarded as one of cinema's most significant artists.

Hitchcock was born on August 13, 1899 in Leytonstone, England. In 1920, he received a fulltime position at Islington Studios, designing the titles for silent movies. His rise from title designer to film director took five years. Hitchcock's first few films faced a string of bad luck. In 1926, Hitchcock's luck changed with his first thriller, The Lodger. The film, released in January 1927, was a major commercial and critical success in the United Kingdom.

After a successful career in British cinema in both silent films and early talkies, Hitchcock moved to Hollywood, where the suspense and the humor that had become Hitchcock's trademark in film continued to appear in his productions. Hitchcock's films during the 1940s were diverse and ranged from romantic comedy to courtroom drama, to dark and disturbing films. In the 1950s, he produced many successful movies, such as Stage Fright, Strangers on a Train, Rear Window, To Catch a Thief, and Vertigo.

Hitchcock died at age 80 in his Bel Air home of renal failure (肾衰竭) on April 29, 1980.

Reading skills——Practice

1.a 2.b 3.a 4.b 5.b 6.a 7.a 8.b

Unit 4

Text A

Vocabulary

groan

vi.

make a long low sound, e.g. because you are in pain or unhappy （因痛苦或烦恼等）呻吟，发出哼哼声

The old man was groaning with pain. 老人痛得不断呻吟着。

speak about sth. in a way that shows you are unhappy 抱怨

She sat down beside me and groaned about her working day. 她坐在我身旁，抱怨自己整日辛劳。

[C] a long low sound that a person makes, esp. when they are in pain or unhappy （尤指疼痛或烦恼时的）呻吟，哼哼声

The groans of the injured man came from next door. 隔壁房间传来那个受伤男子的呻吟声。

console

vt.

try to make sb. feel better when they are unhappy or disappointed 安慰

Do you want to console your friend who is broken-hearted? 你想安慰你那位心碎的朋友吗？

consolation

[C, U] sth. that makes you feel less unhappy or disappointed 安慰；慰藉

We tried to offer her consolation, but she kept crying anyway. 我们试图安慰她，但她只是一味地哭泣。

burdensome

(fml.) creating problems for sb. 令人烦恼的；成为负担的

I am sorry your life is so burdensome; I only wish I could help in some way. 我很难过你的生活负担这么重，我只希望我能帮你点忙。

airborne

1 an aircraft that is airborne is in the air 在空中的；飞行中的

We duly became airborne and flew back to the base with no further trouble. 我们按时升空飞回了大本营，没有遇到别的麻烦。

2 carried in the air 空气传播的

If the smoke had climbed to the upper atmosphere, it could have remained airborne for months, traveling much farther and possibly affecting the world's weather patterns. 如果烟飘到大气上层，它就会在那里停留数月，继而飘到更远的地方，很可能会影响地球的气候模式。

dense

1 very heavy in relation to its size （物质）密度大的

The earth is denser than the other planets, and denser than the moon. 地球的密度比其他行星的都大，比月球的也大。

2 with a lot of trees, plants, or leaves growing close together 茂密的

This part of the country is covered with dense forests. 该国的这部分地区被茂密的丛林所覆盖。

3 dense smoke or gas is so thick that it is difficult to see through it （烟雾或气体）浓密的

The ship was barely visible through the dense fog. 在浓雾里几乎看不见那艘船。

mall

[C] a large building with a lot of shops, restaurants, and sometimes a cinema 购物商场；购物中心

cluster

[C] a small group of people or things that are very close to each other 群；组；束；串；簇

A cluster of workers gathered outside the chief's door for more pay. 一群工人聚集在主管的门外要求提高报酬。

form a small close group 群集；聚集

People clustered around the bus stop. 人们聚集在汽车站周围。

globalize

vt.

1 make sth. become generally accepted all over the world 使全球化

Beach volleyball was introduced to the Olympic Games, which helped globalize the sport. 将沙滩排球引入奥运会促进了这项运动的全球化。

2 make a business begin operating all over the world 使（企业）全球化

As we globalize our market, the one thing that will put employers at the cutting edge is to have a workforce that is willing to give its all. 当我们使市场全球化的时候，一个能让雇主处于市场前沿位置的办法就是拥有能为公司付出一切的员工。

globalized

including or affecting the whole world 全球性的

We have to face the challenges of the new globalized economy. 我们必须面对新的全球化经济的挑战。

luncheon

[C, U] (fml.) lunch, esp. a formal lunch for a lot of people （尤指许多人吃的正式的）午餐

anniversary

[C] a date when you celebrate sth. that happened in a previous year that is important to you 纪念日；周年纪念

The visit marks the 10th anniversary of diplomatic relations between the two countries. 这次访问是为了庆贺两国建立外交关系十周年。

decidedly

ad.

1 in a way that is impossible to doubt and easy to see 确实无疑地；显然

The pillar that supports the house looked decidedly shaky and dangerous. 支撑房屋的柱子看起来的确摇摇欲坠，很危险。

2 in a way that shows you are very certain about sth. 坚决地；果断地

\"I don't think we should listen to him,\" said Stevenson decidedly. “我认为我们不该听他的话，”史蒂文森坚决地说道。

corporate

1 (only before noun) relating to large companies, or to a particular large company 大公司的

When I say corporate plan, I don't mean you have to live with it rigidly. 我说公司计划，并不是让你们一定要死板地去执行。

2 (fml.) shared by or including all the members of a group 全体的；集体的

In the face of the economic crisis, we should take up corporate responsibility. 面对经济危机，我们应该共同承担责任。

compulsory

sth. that is compulsory must be done because of a rule or law 必须做的；义务的；强制的

In many countries, compulsory education has been adopted in order to elevate the average level of education. 许多国家采用了义务教育体制，以提高普遍的受教育水平。

offset

vt.

(offset, offset) (usu. passive) balance the effect of sth., with the result that there is no advantage or disadvantage 抵消；补偿

Their salary increase will be offset by rising prices. 他们增加的工资会被上涨的物价所抵消。

[C] sth. that balances the effect of sth. else, so that there is no advantage or disadvantage 抵消物；补偿

In basketball, speed and sharp-wittedness are often an offset to one's small size. 打篮球时，速度和机智经常可以弥补身材矮小的不足。

tropical

in or from the hottest parts of the world 热带的；来自热带的

Studies have proved that this disease is common in tropical countries. 研究已经证明，这种疾病在热带国家很常见。

aviation

[U] the practice of flying planes 航空；飞行（术）

With a career in aviation, you get the opportunity to go to faraway countries. 从事航空业使你有机会到遥远的国度。

hemisphere

n. [C]

1 one half of the earth, divided between north and south by the equator （地球的）半球

The weather pattern of the southern hemisphere has no parallel in the north. 南半球的这种天气模式在北半球是找不到的。

2 one half of the brain, divided between left and right 大脑半球

It has been found that there are two specific regions in the left hemisphere which are uniquely used for language. 研究发现，左半脑有两块特定的区域是专门用于语言的。

irony

1 [C, U] a strange, funny, or sad situation in which things happen in the opposite way to what you would expect 具有讽刺意味的事；出乎意料的事；啼笑皆非的事

It is an irony that the more technology we get, the less time we have to relax. 具有讽刺意味的是，我们的科技越发达，休闲的时间就越少。

2 [U] a form of humor in which you use words to express the opposite of what

the words really mean 反语；反话；讥讽

The speech is full of irony, humor and compassion. 这次演讲充满了讥讽、幽默和同情。

stubborn

1 very difficult to change or defeat 难以改变的；难以击败的；顽强的

This sort of disease is too stubborn to be cured with traditional therapies. 这种病太顽固了，用传统疗法很难治愈。

2 determined not to change your mind, even when people think you are being unreasonable （人）固执的，执拗的，倔强的

He is so stubborn that nobody can prevent him from doing things once he has made up his mind. 他很固执，一旦做了决定，没人能阻止。

contemplate

think very carefully about sth. for a long time 思忖；思量；仔细考虑

The young surgeon contemplated the difficult kidney transplant operation. 年轻的外科医生仔细考虑了那个棘手的肾脏移植手术。

vt.

consider doing sth. in the future 盘算；打算

Many years ago, he contemplated writing a book about his childhood. 很多年前他就想写一本关于他童年的书。

saturate

vt.

1 fill sth. completely with a large number of things or a large amount of sth. 使充满

The smell of fish and eggs saturates the street as families prepare for breakfast. 当家家户户准备早餐时，大街上到处弥漫着鱼和鸡蛋的味道。

2 make sth. completely wet 使湿透

His work clothes were saturated with oil and had to be cleaned. 他的工作服已经被油浸透了，需要洗一下。

saturated

1 (be ~ with) completely filled with things or people 充满的；充斥的

The consumer market is saturated with electronic goods. 消费者市场充斥着电子产品。

2 very wet 湿透的；浸透的

They were caught in the rain and came home with their clothes and shoes saturated with water. 他们淋了雨，回家时衣服和鞋子都被水浸透了。

finite

(fml.) existing only in limited numbers or amounts or continuing only for a limited time or distance 有限的；有限制的

The overuse of finite natural resources, e.g. coal and oil, will undoubtedly result in ultimate shortages. 滥用有限的自然资源，诸如煤、石油等，必定会导致最终的资源短缺。

literal

1 understanding words or ideas only in a basic and obvious way, and not showing much imagination 缺乏想象力的；刻板的

Wendy's mind was a much more literal one. 温迪的脑子比较缺乏想象力。

2 the literal meaning of a word is its most basic meaning 字面意思的；原义的

When reading a poem, you must understand it far beyond its literal sense. 读诗的时候，你必须要理解字面之外的意思。

prose

[U] written language in its ordinary form, as opposed to poetry 散文（相对诗歌而言）

I love Hemingway's prose, and I think his short stories are some of the best in the language. 我喜欢海明威的散文，我认为他的短篇小说是英语作品中的佳作。

verse

1 [U] (fml.) poetry, esp. poetry with a regular pattern （尤指遵循一定诗律的）诗（歌）

She wrote more than 30 novels and collections of verse. 她写了30多部小说和诗集。

2 [C] a group of words or sentences that form one section of a poem or song 诗句；诗节；（歌词的）节

The first lines gripped him, as did the next verse, and then the whole poem. 最初的几行吸引住了他，然后就是下一小节，接着是整首诗。

cognitive

related to the process of knowing, understanding, and learning sth. 认知的；认知过程的

These experiments tell us a great deal about our cognitive processes. 这些实验让我们对自身的认知过程有了很多了解。

imprison

vt. (usu. passive)

1 make sb. feel that they are being kept in a place or situation that they cannot escape from 限制；束缚

Imprisoned by her own fears, Catherine has never dared to leave her home alone. 凯瑟琳被自我恐惧束缚着，从不敢独自离开家。

2 put sb. in a prison 关押；监禁

He was imprisoned for 10 years, but he still held on to his belief. 他被关押了10年，但是仍然坚持着自己的信仰。

mundane

1 ordinary and not interesting or exciting, esp. because of happening too regularly 普通的；平凡的；平淡无奇的

Even such mundane routines as eating or drinking have found a place in some ballets. 即使吃饭和喝水等这些平淡无奇的日常事务也会在一些芭蕾舞中出现。

2 (fml.) relating to the world and practical matters instead of religious or spiritual ones 世俗的；尘世的

The idea of getting everyone away is to isolate them from mundane worries so that they can concentrate wholeheartedly on the task in hand. 让每个人都离开是要让他们都远离世俗的烦恼，这样他们就可以专心做手头上的工作了。

exotic

1 used for describing things that are interesting or exciting because they are in or from distant foreign countries 外国产的；外国来的

The city has many restaurants with exotic foods. 这个城市有很多异国风味的餐厅。

2 interesting or exciting because of being unusual or not familiar 奇异的；别致的；异乎寻常的

Many girls like to wear exotic clothes. 许多女孩喜欢穿奇装异服。

endow

vt.

(fml.) (~ with) give a particular quality to sth., or say that sth. has a particular quality 赋予；认为具有某种品质

The general's supporters endow him with an almost godlike status. 将军的拥护者们几乎把他当神一样看待。

trivial

not very interesting, serious, or valuable 没意思的；不严重的；没价值的；琐碎的

May we never become so wrapped up in our own trivial problems that we forget to care about others. 希望我们永远不要只沉溺于自身的小问题中而忘了关心他人。

multicultural

involving or including people or ideas from many different countries, races, or religions 多元文化的；多种文化融合的

We will encourage changes to the education system which place a positive value on a pluralist, diverse and multicultural society. 我们鼓励教育系统的改革，呼吁教育系统对社会的多元性、多样性和多文化性赋予正面价值。

ambiguity

[C, U] the state of being unclear, confusing, or not certain, or things that produce this effect 模棱两可；不明确

The author's style suggests a certain ambiguity in his moral view. 作者的风格显示其在道德观上的模棱两可。

circumference

1 [C, usu. sing.] the edge of a circle or a round object or area 周边

She would only be able to move within the circumference of that tree. 她只能在树的周边移动。

2 [C, U] the distance measured around the edge of a circle or a round object or area 圆周；周长

It's a mile around the circumference of the playground. 运动场周长一英里。

latitude

[C, U] the distance of point on the earth from the equator, measured in degrees north or south 纬度

longitude

[C, U] the distance east or west of the meridian, measured in degrees and

minutes （地球的）经度

renaissance

1 [sing.] a new interest in sth., so that it becomes popular again 复兴；重新流行

It was fashionable for men to wear their hair long, but wearing short hair has been enjoying something of a renaissance recently. 男人留长发曾经很时髦，但是近来留短发又有点重新流行起来。

2 (the R~) the period in Europe between the 14th and 16th centuries when there was increased interest in developing art, literature, science, etc. （欧洲14世纪至16世纪的）文艺复兴时期

facet

[C] an aspect of sth. such as a situation or sb.'s character （情形或某人性格的）某一方面

Every facet of college life is fascinating. 大学生活的方方面面都很吸引人。

insular

not interested in meeting anyone outside your own group or country, or not interested in learning new ideas or ways of doing things 与世隔绝的；思想狭隘的；固步自封的

Are we so insular that we cannot learn from others? 我们就如此思想狭隘，不能向别人学习吗？

drawback

[C] a feature of sth. that makes it less useful than it could be 不足；欠缺

Living in a big city has advantages, but it also has drawbacks. 生活在大城市有好处，但也有不足。

jet lag

[U] the feeling of being very tired and sometimes confused because you have traveled quickly on a plane across parts of the world where the time is different 飞

行时差综合征；时差反应

The airlines have come up with a new solution to the problem of jet lag. 航空公司想出了一个对付时差综合征的新方法。

cornerstone

n. [C]

1 the basic part of sth., on which everything depends 基础；根本；基石

It was the cornerstone of the country's policy to revive state industry and national economy over the past five years. 在过去五年间重振国家工业和国民经济是该国的根本政策。

2 the stone at one of the bottom corners of a new building, often put there during a special ceremony 奠基石

The president attended the opening ceremony and laid the cornerstone of the State Library. 总统参加了开幕庆典并为国家图书馆奠基。

Phrases and expressions

on sale

(esp. AmE) available to be bought at a lower price than usual 廉价出售的

By reading the advertisement, you may find something you want on sale. 通过阅读这份广告，你也许会发现想要的某件商品正在减价。

trade … for …

exchange sth. you have for sth. else from others 用…交换…；相互交换

I will trade my camera for your drill. 我用我的相机来换你的钻机。

mingle … with

combine or make one thing combine with another 使…与…混合

The president delivered a speech that contained praise mingled with blame. 校长发表了一个褒贬兼蓄的演讲。

be open to sth.

be willing to consider many different possibilities 愿意考虑…

I'm sure they will be open to any comments and suggestions from everyone. 我肯定他们会愿意倾听大家任何意见和建议。

more often than not

usually 往往；多半

More often than not, people are not happy because they are too easily affected by the outside world. 人们觉得不幸福多半是因为他们太容易受外界影响了。

Proper names

Left Bank （巴黎的）左岸地区（位于塞纳河南岸）

Machu Picchu 马丘比丘（南美洲最重要的考古发掘中心，也是秘鲁最受欢迎的旅游景点）

Reading comprehensive——Understanding

1.Because in this digital age, it is still important to have a handshake at a business luncheon, to eat mom's special food on Thanksgiving, or to see your girlfriend on your 2-year anniversary.

2.The author means that the rest of journey is actually very boring. They have to endure and tolerate the terrible experience in the modern world which brings people convenience as well as tediousness as a result of globalization. Journey is not enjoyable any more.

3.Only corporate travel, about 30% of trips over 50 miles, is truly compulsory.

4.We go to Paris for the sake of its being Paris. We just want to experience the wonders of Paris because of its uniqueness.

5.Their mind is most likely to solve their most stubborn problems while they are sitting in luxury in a Left Bank café.

6.Traveling to a new place can make us less controlled by familiar cognitive patterns we used to have. As a result, we can better combine the new with the old in our thinking.

7.We need to try the difference by changing cultures and experiencing the disorienting diversity of human traditions.

8.Travel will change our mind to some extent, which in turn can have effects on everything in our life.

Reading comprehensive——Critical thinking

1.• To see new places and meet new friends.

• To have a break from the routine life.

• For business.

• To visit friends and relatives.

2.• Yes, I agree. Cultural difference poses a huge problem to travel. If we don't know the language, the customs, and history of the place we are visiting, we will face many embarrassing problems in communicating with the local people and

may even violate the taboos in another culture without being aware of it.

• I'm afraid not. Cultural difference is not a problem at all. On the contrary, it can serve as a stimulus to enable us to be more curious about this world and gain a deeper understanding of other cultures as well as our own culture.

3.• I think travel can affect our personalities. In most situations, people's personalities will be more or less changed when travel comes to an end, just as the green and luxuriant plants after a rain. We can see such differences from people's lively appearance, relaxed spiritual state, cheerful ways of talking, walking, and even smiling.

• No, I don't think travel can have an effect on our personality. Personality is our whole character and nature and is greatly affected by the environment in which we live. Personality is relatively stable. Maybe during a travel, our personality may change a little since we are in a different environment, but this change is temporary and shouldn't last long. When we come back, we are still in the old environment. Obviously, our personality will regain its old traits just in a couple of days or weeks.

Language focus——Words in use

1.compulsory 2.contemplate 3.imprisoned 4.globalize 5.offset 6.groan 7.stubborn 8.cluster 9.ambiguity 10.consoled

Language focus——Word Building：practice 1

1.respectable 2.negotiable 3.distinguishable 4.avail 5.attributable

6.profitable7.renewable 8.memorize / memorable 9.authorize 10.visualize 11.stabilize 12.socialize / sociable

Language focus——Word Building：practice 2

1.profitable 2.renewable 3.authorized 4.negotiable 5.visualize 6.socialize 7.attributable 8.respectable 9.avail 10.stabilize 11.distinguishable 12.memorize

Language focus——Banked cloze

1.contemplate 2.comfort 3.sparked 4.ventured 5.diverse 6.witnessed 7.stunning 8.glimpse 9.positive 10.dictate

Language focus——Expressions in use

1.settle for 2.more often than not 3.mingled with 4.traded for 5.was saturated with 6.are open to 7.endowed with 8.make up for

Structure analysis and writing ——Structure writing——Practice

Many parents set unreasonable expectations for their kids. Conflicts occur when their children fail to reach their expectations. But why do parents tend to expect so much from their children?

The harsh reality may be one reason for the high expectations. We can see such logic behind parents' expectations: If their children can study hard, then they will be admitted to key universities, and then they will be much more competitive in job hunting after graduation.

The peer pressure is also a contributing factor. Parents tend to compare their kids to other kids in terms of academic performance. Parents consider it a shame if their children always lag behind other children. So it is often the case that parents spare no efforts to send their children to expensive training centers.

Parents' love for their kids provides another explanation for their burning desire to see the best of their kids. Parents will be proud if their children make great achievements. But sometimes such love becomes a heavy burden on their kids.

The harsh reality, peer pressure and parents' love all account for the unreasonable expectations for the kids. To set reasonable expectations for the kids is not easy, but is worth trying; after all, parents don't want the heavy pressure to crush their children.

Reading skills——Practice

1.I had the same feeling as the author because I always want to see the beautiful sights of the world such as the Eiffel Tower in France, Venice in Italy, and Grand Canyon in the US. Just name a few. From what is said in the paragraph, such

as \"a chunk of money saved and extra vacation time earned\author really wants to say is that people love to travel because traveling is always fun and exciting.

2.The description of preparing for a visit to an exotic place is very true. Even though most of the time I traveled with my family or friends, I still had to do a lot of homework before embarking on a trip. I had to surf online to get specific information so that I wouldn't get into much trouble later. The author wants to warn us that we must get fully prepared before we set foot on the way to an unfamiliar place.

3.Yes, such non-pleasant experiences did happen to me sometimes. I remember once I was traveling in Germany and wandering the streets in Munich. All of a sudden, two young men sprayed blue paint on my back and meanwhile grabbed my purse from me while I was not paying attention to them. That's exactly the reason why the author wants to point out the downside while traveling to unfamiliar places. The author wants to remind us, apart from all the positive things about travel, something negative could also happen and travelers need to be on alert and be defensive.

窗体底端 Unit 5

Text A

Vocabulary

degrade

vt.

treat sb. without respect and make them lose respect for themselves 贬低（某人）；羞辱（某人）

The examination supervisor warned students not to degrade themselves by cheating on the exam. 监考老师警告学生不要在考试中舞弊，以免自取其辱。

adverse

not good or favorable 不利的；反对的；反面的

Economists fear that any conflict between the two countries could have adverse effects on global financial markets. 经济学家们担心两国之间的任何冲突都可能对全球金融市场产生不利影响。

conform

vi.

(~ to / with) obey sth. such as a rule or law 遵照；遵守；服从

The city has a few modern buildings in the central area which do not conform with the style of the city's overall character. 该城市中心区域有一些现代建筑跟城市的整体风格特点不相符合。

revenue

[U] money that a business or organization receives over a period of time, esp. from selling goods or services （公司、机构的）收益，收入

A spokesman for the finance department said costs generally rise when revenue increases. 财务部门的发言人说收益增加成本通常会增加。

polar

1 (~ opposite / extreme) sth. that is the complete or exact opposite of sth. else 完全相反；正好相反

John said he'd vote for the candidate even if his beliefs were the polar opposite of his own. 约翰说即便候选人的观点与自己的相左，他也将投票给该候选人。

2 close to or relating to the North Pole or the South Pole 地极的；近地极的；极地的

The melting of the polar icecaps and the rise in the sea level are only the most commonly cited effects of climate change. 极地冰盖融化以及海平面上升只是最常被提及的气候变化的后果。

pastime

[C] sth. that you do because you think it is enjoyable or interesting 消遣；娱乐

To relieve the stress caused by her job, she turned to painting, a pastime she had loved since childhood. 为了缓解工作引起的压力，她开始画画，这是她自儿时起就喜欢的消遣。

coincide

vi. (~ with)

1 (of ideas, opinions, etc.) be the same or very similar （想法、意见等）相同，相符，极为类似

Indeed, the State's interests may not coincide with those of the individual. 的确，国家利益可能与个人利益不一致。

2 (of two or more events) take place at the same time （两件或更多的事情）同时发生

Her arrival coincided with our departure. 她到来之时正逢我们离开。

voluntary

done willingly and without being forced 自愿的；自动的

Every decision is made of a person's free will, and is voluntary, unless it is effected by compulsion. 每项决定都是基于个人意愿，属自愿性质的，除非有强制要求。

designate

vt.

1 (fml.) (~ sb. / sth. as) give sb. or sth. a particular name, title, or description 把…定名为；授予…称号；把…描述为

When residents wanted to designate the Elk River as a heritage site, the mines killed the proposal. 当居民们想把埃尔克河确定为文化遗产时，该提议却被众多的矿井给毁掉了。

2 (~ sb. / sth. as) formally choose sb. or sth. for a particular purpose 任命；选

定；选派

A will allows people to designate someone as receiver of their property when they die. 遗嘱使人们可以指定其去世后财产由谁继承。

correlate

(~ with) if two or more facts, ideas, etc. correlate or you correlate them, they are closely connected to each other or one causes the other （使）相互关联

Rising temperatures and the associated earlier spring snowmelt correlate with increasing amounts and size of wildfires in the western United States. 气温升高及其所导致的春季融雪提前与美国西部数量日益增多、规模日益增大的山火是有关联的。

esteem

[U] a feeling of respect for sb., or a good opinion of sb. 尊敬；敬重

He is held in high esteem by colleagues in the construction industry. 他受到建筑业同行的高度尊重。

vt.

(fml.) respect and admire sb. or sth. 尊敬；敬重

Employee qualities such as being cooperative and industrious are often esteemed by managers. 员工的合作、勤奋等品质常常为经理们所推崇。

greenhouse

[C] a glass building used for growing plants that need warmth, light, and protection 温室；暖房

mayor

[C] the person who has been elected to lead the government of a town or city 市长

prone

likely to do sth. or suffer from sth., esp. sth. bad or harmful 易于发生某事（尤指不好或有害的事）的；很可能…的；有…倾向的

Most children are prone to junk food. 多数孩子喜欢吃垃圾食品。

dedicate

vt.

1 use a place, time, money, etc. only for a particular purpose （为某一目的而）使用

The newspaper dedicated three whole pages to pictures of the princess. 报纸用了三个整版刊登王妃的照片。

2 give all your attention and effort to one particular thing 致力于；献身于

The new president said she would dedicate herself to protecting the rights of children, the old and the homeless. 新总统说她将致力于保护儿童、老人和无家可归者的权利。

autonomy

n. [U]

1 the ability or opportunity to make your own decisions without being controlled by anyone else 自主能力；自主

Genetic engineering may threaten privacy, kill autonomy, make society look

and be alike, and destroy the concept of human nature. 基因工程可能威胁隐私，扼杀自主权，使社会千篇一律，并且破坏人性这一观念。

2 freedom that a place or an organization has to govern or control itself 自治；自治权

They are willing to give this district more autonomy, but not independence. 他们愿意给该地区更多的自治权，但不会让其独立。

precision

[U] the quality of being very exact or correct 精确（性）；准确（性）

To improve the precision of gene testing, scientists needed to spell out the actual DNA sequence of disease-fostering genes. 为了提高基因测试的精度，科学家们需要阐明致病基因的DNA序列。

foster

vt.

help a skill, feeling, idea, etc. develop over a period of time 促进；培养；助长

All classroom practice will be geared to encouraging and fostering not only

students' learning habits but also students' creativity. 所有的课堂实践都将不仅鼓励和培养学生的学习习惯，还鼓励和培养其创造力。

incentive

[C, U] sth. that encourages you to work harder, start a new activity, etc. 刺激；动力；鼓励

My girlfriend's interest in my job gave me an incentive so I worked twice as hard. 女友对我工作的兴趣给了我动力，因此我加倍努力。

livelihood

[C, U] the way you earn money in order to live 生计

It was the lack of a basic livelihood that compelled the oppressed to fight for their survival. 正是由于无法维持基本的生计才迫使被压迫者为自身的生存而抗争。

gauge

vt.

make a judgment or guess about a situation, action, or person based on the information that you have （根据所掌握的信息）估计，判断

If you want to gauge public opinion about the war, look at the local media coverage concerning the deaths of the soldiers. 如果你想判断舆论对这场战争的看法，看看当地媒体有关士兵牺牲的报道吧。

[C] an instrument for measuring the size or amount of sth. 测量仪器；计量器；量规

A gasoline gauge shows the amount of gasoline left in a car. 油表显示汽车剩余的油量。

commonplace

happening or existing in many places, and therefore not special or unusual 平常的；平凡的；不足为奇的

Paid vacations of two weeks or longer are a commonplace benefit in many companies. 两周或更长的带薪假期在很多公司都是常见的福利。

innovation

1 [U] the introduction of new ideas or methods 革新；创新

The duty of every teacher is to encourage creativity and innovation in the classroom. 每个老师在课堂上的职责都是鼓励创新。

2 [C] a new idea, method, or invention 新观念；新方法

Those well-meaning people who have tried to introduce innovations in schools have come up against considerable resistance from teachers, students and parents alike. 那些善意的人们尽力将一些新观念引入学校，但在老师、学生和家长中都遇到了相当大的阻力。

automate

vt.

start using computers and machines to do a job, rather than people 使自动化

The engineer used a computer program he had created to automate downloading of program updates. 该工程师用自己设计的电脑程序自动下载程序更新。

automated

using computers and machines to do a job, rather than people 自动化的

One proposed solution to the growing problem of accidents caused by tired truck drivers, may perhaps be an automated highway system. 由卡车司机疲劳驾驶引起的事故越来越多，一个提议的解决方案可能就是自动化高速公路系统。

upcoming

(only before noun) happening soon 即将来临的；即将发生的

I feel very confident about the upcoming debate because I believe that I can defeat my opponent's argument easily. 我对即将到来的辩论充满信心，因为我相信我能轻松驳倒对方的观点。

medieval

connected with the Middle Ages (= the period between about AD 1100 and 1500) 中世纪的；中古时期的

I have seen medieval manuscripts in which one word is spelled four different ways on a single page. 我看过中世纪的手稿，同一页上一个单词竟然有四种拼写方法。

aristocrat

[C] sb. who belongs to the highest social class 贵族（成员）

aristocracy

[C, usu. sing.] the people in the highest social class, who traditionally have a lot of land, money, and power 贵族

refrain

vi.

(~ from) (fml.) not do sth. that you want to do 克制；抑制；忍住

International financial experts committed to refrain from competitive devaluation of our currencies and decided to promote a stable and well-functioning international monetary system. 国际金融专家承诺不使我们的货币出现竞争性贬值，并决定要促进建立稳定完善的国际货币体系。

addictive

1 an activity that is addictive is so enjoyable that you do not want to stop 使人入迷的；使人沉溺的

I tell most people to avoid collecting antiques, as it is too expensive and addictive. 我告诉大多数人不要收集古董，因为它太费钱，而且让人沉迷其中。

2 if a substance, esp. a drug, is addictive, your body starts to need it regularly and you are unable to stop taking it 使人成瘾的

Doctors say that relying on these electronic devices can have the same addictive effects on users as drugs and alcohol. 医生说依赖这些电子设备会跟毒品和酒精一样让使用者上瘾。

gossip

[U] information that is passed from one person to another about other people's behavior and private lives, often including unkind or untrue remarks 流言蜚语；闲言碎语；传闻

When he got to the office the next day, he found himself a target of very unkind gossip, which, of course, made him quite angry. 当他第二天去办公室时，他发现自己成了闲言碎语的对象，这当然让他很愤怒。

extravagant

spending or costing a lot of money, esp. more than is necessary or more than you can afford 奢侈的；挥霍的

How is she paying for her extravagant holiday with her modest income? 她的微薄收入怎么能为她奢华的假期埋单？

toxic

containing poison, or caused by poisonous substances 有毒的；由有毒物质引起的

The newly released variant of the existing cancer drug, scientists have found, is directly toxic to nerve cells. 科学家已经发现，新发布的现有抗癌药物的新品种对神经细胞有直接的毒害。

array

[C, usu. sing.] a group of people or things, esp. one that is large or impressive

大群；大堆；大量

The center provides an array of services including surgery, rehabilitation and pain management. 该中心提供大量的服务，包括外科手术、康复和疼痛治疗等。

diversion

n. [C, U]

1 an enjoyable activity that you do to stop yourself from becoming bored 消遣；娱乐

We insist on requesting challenging activities even in our diversions, because without challenges, there can be no game. 我们坚持认为，即使是娱乐活动也要有挑战性，因为没有挑战，就无所谓游戏。

2 a change in the direction or use of sth., or the act of changing it 转向；转移

A magician's talk creates a diversion of attention so that people do not see how he does his tricks. 魔术师说话会转移人们的注意力，这样就没人注意他是如何变魔术的。

hurl

vt.

throw sth. using a lot of force 猛投；用力掷

He was knocked out by a stone hurled at him from the other side of the road. 他被一块从马路另一边掷来的石头击倒了。

suffice

vi.

(fml.) be enough 足够；满足要求

One example should suffice to illustrate my point. 一个例子足以阐明我的观点。

apt

exactly right for a particular situation or purpose 适当的；恰当的

Which is the most apt description depends on the point or purpose of asking the question. 哪种描述最适合取决于提出问题的出发点或目的。

aptly

ad.

(~ named / described / called, etc.) named, described, etc. in a way that seems very suitable 恰当地命名/描述/称呼等

Indeed, if there is a single word that would most aptly define Monk's music, it's \"freedom\". 的确，如果有一个词能恰如其分地描述蒙克的音乐，那就是“自由”。

monetary

(only before noun) relating to money, esp. all the money in a particular country 货币的；金融的

Monetary policies play an important role in attracting foreign investment and developing a strong economy. 货币政策在吸引外来投资、发展强劲的经济方面起着重要的作用。

optimum

(only before noun) the best or most suitable for a particular purpose or in a particular situation 最优的；最适宜的

You should hold the book at a proper distance from your eyes; optimum reading distance is between 15 to 22 inches from your eyes. 你应该把书放到离眼睛

适当远的距离——最佳阅读距离是15到22英寸。

simultaneous

happening or done at the same time 同时的；同时发生的

The ceasefire must be simultaneous with the withdrawal of forces. 停火与撤军必须同步进行。

contend

vi.

compete against sb. in order to gain sth. 竞争；争夺

Their firm is too small to contend with large multinational corporations. 他们的公司太小，难以和大的跨国公司竞争。

vt.

argue or state that sth. is true 声称；断言；主张

The lawyer contended that her client had never been near the scene of the crime. 律师声称她的当事人从没到过犯罪现场。

Phrases and expressions

to name only / but a few

used after a short list of things or people to say that there are many more you could mention 略举几例

The international community is also offering assistance, including the United States, France and China, to name only a few. 国际社会也在提供援助，略举几例，如美国、法国和中国。

sink one's teeth into sth.

(infml.) start to do sth. with a lot of energy and determination 精力充沛地开始处理某事；专注于做某事

Playing the part of Queen Victoria is the kind of role that is made for you, the kind of role you can sink your teeth into. 维多利亚女王这个角色，就是为你而设，是一个你能倾情投入的角色。

slave away

work very hard 拼命干；苦干

After slaving away at the computer keyboard, you then still have to write notation signs by hand, the old-fashioned way. 辛辛苦苦用电脑键盘输入后，你还得

按老办法手工写上注释符号。

count down

wait for sth. to happen, usu. noticing every day or moment that passes until it happens 倒数；倒计时

A giant electronic display is counting down the days to the start of the Pan-American Games here. 一块巨大的电子显示屏对即将在此举行的泛美运动会进行倒计时。

at hand

(fml.) needing to be dealt with now 手头的；需要马上处理的

If they would take a few seconds to understand the problem at hand, they would most likely find an easy answer and without needing a calculator. 如果他们花上一点时间去弄懂手头的题目，则极有可能不需要计算器就能找到一个简单的答案。

contend with sth.

have to deal with sth. difficult or unpleasant 必须处理；不得不应付

Euro Disney had to contend with many difficulties when its first financial year came to an end. 当第一个财年结束时，欧洲迪斯尼乐园不得不去应对很多的困难。

Reading comprehensive——Understanding

1.To be truly happy, one must feel free to do what he likes, knowing that what he does is important to other people. He enjoys his job and his work is greatly valued by society.

2.When people are doing a job they have no interest in, the job only means purely tedious labor, which has negative effects on them. People don't like labor, but they have to accept it because of societal expectations and the need to support their family. By contrast, people are interested in play, and when they play they enjoy what they are doing. However, play is only a personal matter. So, society does not care how people play.

3.The author wants to show that the difference between workers and laborers does not lie in the nature of the job itself, be it mental or manual, of low or high esteem, but in whether a person has interest in his job.

4.To workers, leisure means simply the hours they need to relax and rest in order to work efficiently; to laborers, leisure means freedom from compulsion.

5.Workers will be happier, less stressed, and generally more satisfied with their lives and proud of their jobs. On the other hand, laborers feel that the time they spend on the daily grind is wasted and doesn't contribute to their happiness; laborers perceive only the time spent in leisure and play as meaningful.

6.The improvements in technology and the division of labor have greatly changed the nature of work. People do not need special strength or skill any more in many fields. Many paid jobs with enjoyable work have become boring labor routine. At the same time, because machines can automatically do the work for people, productivity has increased and the number of necessary laboring hours has accordingly decreased.

7.People should take a positive attitude toward leisure time. They should use their leisure time to improve their minds and their working conditions to create a happier, more contented life by means of lifelong learning, such as \"continuing education\" and \"experiential learning\".

8.With this phrase, the author emphasizes that even purely mental work can arouse people's passions and give them satisfaction.

Reading comprehensive——Critical thinking

1.• New technology clearly enables us to work faster and more efficiently, and it facilitates flexible and remote working (fitting in with childcare or avoiding a distasteful commute), but it can also mean that we cannot ever really get away from our jobs and tune out.

• Technology may make us more responsive, more capable of gaining access to information over a broader spectrum. Technology is basically a slave to the information we give it. But it makes that information much more functional and

dynamic.

• With new technology, we are working harder and are more enslaved to our work than before. We are walking around with laptops or with portable phones. We're becoming slaves to high technology. There's no escape.

2.• Start with a positive and right attitude, for the right attitude toward work makes it much easier to accept and do it.

• Put interest into work. Once you have the enthusiasm, it becomes easy to start things.

• Create favorable surroundings when doing the work.

• Always reflect on what you have achieved, which will give you a sense of pride and fulfillment.

3.• I will be a worker, for a worker is someone who has interest in and a strong love for his work, who is more dedicated to and more satisfied with his work than a laborer would be.

• I think it's possible that I will choose to be a laborer someday. It's never the case that we do anything completely in accordance with our own interest. We have to meet the expectations of the ones we love and we have to be the breadwinner for our family. Anyway, we shouldn't ignore the needs and opinions of our family

members when we are planning our careers.

Language focus——Words in use

1.gauged 2.dedicate 3.commonplace 4.suffice 5.revenue 6.simultaneous 7.incentive 8.prone 9.innovations 10.fostered

Language focus——Word Building：practice 1

Language focus——Word Building：practice 2

1.refreshment 2.shipment 3.enforcement 4.commercialism 5.realism

6.recruitment 7.enrollment(s) 8.imperialism 9.resentment 10.Terrorism

Language focus——Banked cloze

1.employees 2.notion 3.primary 4.foster 5.reflects 6.motivations 7.monetary 8.aspects 9.gossiping 10.miserable

Language focus——Expressions in use

1.correlate with 2.refrain from 3.count down 4.slaving away 5.coincided with

6.contended with 7.be designated as 8.conformed to

Structure analysis and writing ——Structure writing——Practice

To continue to study or to go to work upon graduation may be one of the most troublesome decisions a young undergraduate has to face. Indeed, how you choose between the two options will have profound impacts on your future life and career.

Firstly, your choice now will have an impact on your planning for the future. When you decide to pursue further study, you will have to invest more time and energy in your academic performance and pay more attention to your research projects. Devoting to study will pave the way for you to become an expert in a domain in the future. But if you choose to work, you should focus on developing your professional skills to prepare yourself for getting better employment opportunities or starting your own business.

Secondly, your choice will also have an impact on your economic conditions. When you are determined to continue your study, you have to pay tuition for your academic pursuit. It might be a heavy burden for students, particularly those from poverty-stricken families. By contrast, if you go to work upon graduation, you will have your own salary and be financially independent. You can even provide support for your family.

Finally, your choice will, of course, have a great impact on your future job

opportunities. Further study will equip you with more knowledge and a higher degree may guarantee you a better job.

However, it is also possible that you have fewer opportunities in several years because of the saturation of the job market. Going to work upon graduation enables you to have a lot of working experience, making you more competitive in the job market. But the possible drawback is that you may be turned down by some companies because many attractive jobs and promotions call for special qualifications usually regarding the employee's academic degree.

To sum up, you can hardly tell what results your choice will ultimately yield. You should be clear about all the possible impacts of your choice before you make the final decision.

Reading skills——Practice

1.cause and effect 2.cause and effect 3.time order 4.sequence 5.sequence

Unit 6

Text A

Vocabulary

hum

[sing.] a low continuous noise made by a machine or a lot of people talking 机器的嗡嗡声；（很多人）嗡嗡的说话声

All he heard was the ticking of a clock and the hum of the air-conditioning. 他所听到的都是时钟的嘀嗒声和空调的嗡嗡声。

make musical sounds with your lips closed 哼（曲子）

I've forgotten the words of the song, so I just hum along with the tune. 我忘记了歌词，所以我只好跟着曲调哼哼。

vi.

make a low continuous sound 发出连续低沉的声音

The bees were humming in the garden. 蜜蜂在花园里嗡嗡地叫。

meadow

[C] a field where grass and wild flowers grow 草地

standpoint

[C] a way of considering sth. 立足点；立场；观点

As his daughter, I have to put aside my own emotions and look at the problem from my father's standpoint. 作为女儿，我不得不抛开自己的情绪，从我父亲的角度来看问题。

gigantic

extremely large 巨大的；庞大的

The ground floor of the museum is taken up by the skeleton of a gigantic whale. 一头巨大的鲸鱼骨架占据了博物馆的底层。

radiate

vi.

if things radiate from a central point, they spread out in different directions from that point 从中心向四周散开；从中心辐射状发出

Most of Britain's motorways radiate from London to its surrounding suburbs. 英国的大多数高速公路从伦敦向周围郊区延伸。

1 produce heat, light, or energy 辐射；发射

In the winter, the thick walls absorbed the sun's warmth during the day and radiated the heat at night. 冬天，厚厚的墙壁白天吸收太阳的热量，晚上释放出热量。

2 show a particular feeling or attitude in your expression or behavior 流露，显示（感情或态度）

Despite the pressure he perceived from the large audience looking only at him, he radiated confidence and energy; he was ready to sing for them now. 尽管他感受到了被众多观众注目的压力，但他仍散发出自信和活力；他现在已经准备好为大家演唱了。

claw

vi.

(~ at) try to take hold of sth. with your hands （用手）抓住

Her two-year-old son was clawing at her skirt. 她两岁的儿子紧紧地抓着她的裙子。

attack sb. or try to cut or tear sth. using your fingernails （用指甲）抓，掐

The animal trainer was seriously hurt when one of the lions clawed his back. 驯兽员伤得很严重，背部被一只狮子抓伤了。

[C, usu. pl.] the sharp curved part at the end of some animals' toes, e.g. a cat （猫等动物的）爪，脚爪

These lobsters were so big that just the meat in their claws was enough to make a meal. 龙虾很大，光是钳子里的肉就足够美餐一顿。

tug

pull sb. or sth. by making a short strong movement 猛拉；使劲拉；用力拖

The two boys tugged at one another, and fought over who would get to ride the bicycle first in the street. 两个男孩互相拉扯着，争抢谁先骑车上街。

[C] a short strong pull 猛拉；拖；拽

With a couple of tugs, Jack pulled in the net, which was full of large fish. 杰克用力拉了几下，把网收了起来，里面全是大鱼。

evacuate

leave a building or other place because it is not safe 撤离，撤出（某危险建筑物或地方）

The college chemistry lab was on fire, and the campus police told everyone to evacuate the building as quickly as possible. 大学化学实验室着火了，校警让所有人尽快从大厦中撤离。

convict

[C] sb. who is in prison because they have committed a crime 已决犯；（服刑中的）囚犯

The police are trying their very best to hunt down and catch the escaped convict. 警方正在尽他们所能搜寻、抓捕在逃囚犯。

vt.

prove in a court of law that sb. is guilty of a crime （在法庭上）证明…有罪，宣判…有罪

If convicted of the charge, he would face a prison sentence of six years. 一旦控告成立，他将会面临六年的牢狱之灾。

tangle

n. [C]

1 the untidy shape that things make when they are twisted round each other or round sth. else 纠结的一团；乱糟糟的一堆

It took the mother a very long time to comb through her small daughter's hair, which had got into an almost hopeless tangle. 妈妈花了很长的时间才把小女儿乱糟糟地缠成一团的头发梳理好。

2 a situation that is difficult to deal with because things are not organized properly 混乱

The small export company had to employ a lawyer to straighten their legal tangles which developed from their lack of knowledge about international trade laws. 这家小型出口公司得雇一位律师，来把由于自身缺乏国际贸易法知识所引发的法律纠纷理出头绪。

(also ~ up) become twisted together, or make sth. become twisted together, in an untidy mass （使）缠结在一起；（使）乱成一团

My new long skirt got tangled up in the wheel of my bike. 我的新长裙缠进了自行车轮子里。

innumerable

(fml.) too many to be counted 数不清的；无数的

Being a father of five children, he seems to have innumerable duties to fulfill. 作为五个孩子的父亲，他似乎有数不清的责任需要履行。

clasp

vt.

hold sb. or sth. tightly with your hand 紧握；抓

To keep his daughter warm, he clasped her in his arms for it was extremely cold. 天气很冷，为了给女儿保暖，他把她紧紧抱在怀里。

[sing.] a way of holding sth. tightly 紧抱；拥抱；握紧

He held his girlfriend's hand in a strong and warm clasp. 他握着女友的手，有力而充满温情。

permeate

1 (of an idea, an influence, a feeling, etc.) affect every part of sth. （思想、影响、感情等）感染，传播，扩散

The power of money permeates every aspect of our existence. 金钱的力量浸透到我们生活的方方面面。

2 (of a liquid, gas, etc.) spread to every part of an object or a place （液体、气体等）渗透，弥漫，扩散

The fragrance of flowers permeates every room. 花朵的芬芳弥漫着每个房间。

casualty

1 [C] sb. or sth. that is damaged or suffers as a result of sth. else 受害者

The car industry has been only one of the casualties of the economic recession; there are numerous others as well. 汽车行业只是经济衰退的受害者之一，还有无数其他行业也深受影响。

2 [C, usu. pl.] sb. who is injured or killed in an accident or military action （事故、战争中的）死伤者，伤亡人员

In this fire accident, most of the casualties were immigrant women. 这次火灾事故的死伤者大多是女性移民。

landmine

[C] a bomb hidden under the ground that explodes when sb. moves over it 地雷

ammunition

[U] bullets, bombs, etc. that can be fired from a weapon 弹药

The fighting should cease soon because both sides are running out of ammunition. 战斗应该马上就会结束，因为双方都没有弹药了。

flush

vi.

become red in the face, e.g. when you are angry or embarrassed （生气或尴尬时）脸红

It doesn't bother me that I flush whenever I am embarrassed because many people do so. 我一尴尬就脸红，对此我觉得无所谓，因为很多人都这样。

vt.

clean sth. by pouring a lot of water over it or through it 冲刷；冲洗

Without an adequate water infrastructure, city residents depended on rainwater to flush away human waste and refuse. 没有足够的排水基础设施，城市居民依靠雨水把人类排泄物和垃圾冲走。

[C, usu. sing.] a red color that appears on sb.'s face because they are hot or ill, or feeling angry, embarrassed, or excited 脸红；潮红；红晕

A flush spread across her face when she realized that it was she who was the object of their joke. 当她意识到他们开玩笑的对象是她自己时，她涨红了脸。

flushed

looking red because you are hot or ill, or feel angry, embarrassed, or excited 脸红的；发红的；潮红的

The patient's flushed face told the doctor that he was running a fever. 医生从病人潮红的脸上得知他正在发热。

appalling

very unpleasant and shocking 令人震惊的；骇人的

The story they told of their terrible experience during their kidnapping was appalling. 他们讲述的自己被绑架的恐怖经历骇人听闻。

blaze

1 [C, usu. sing.] a large fire that causes a lot of damage, esp. when a building is burning 熊熊大火；烈火

Forty-five women were killed in the blaze at a drug addiction treatment center. 戒毒中心的大火使45名女子丧生。

2 [sing.] a strong bright light or area of color 强烈的光；光辉；闪耀

At night, the city's downtown area is a blaze of bright lights and loud music spilling out from the many clubs. 这座城市的闹市区夜晚灯火辉煌，充斥着从许多夜总会传出的喧嚣的音乐。

vi.

1 burn strongly and brightly 熊熊燃烧

The campfire blazes, and men and women merrily dance around it. 篝火熊熊燃烧了起来，男男女女围着它欢快地跳着舞。

2 shine very brightly 发强光；闪耀

The sun strikes their plate-glass windows and makes them blaze as if the whole building were on fire. 太阳照在他们的大玻璃窗上，发出耀眼的光芒，好像整个建筑着火了一样。

overturn

vt.

1 turn sth. so that its bottom or side is upward 使翻转；打翻

Playing with his toy cars, the boy made them crash into each other and overturned them all. 那个男孩在玩玩具车时，让它们相互撞击，全都撞翻了。

2 say officially that sth. such as a decision or law is wrong and change it 推翻，废除（决定、法律等）；使无效

He accused his opponents of wanting to overturn the government. 他指控他的对手企图推翻政府。

massacre

[C, U] the killing of a lot of people 大屠杀

There were terrible massacres of civilian residents in the cities during World War II. 二战中有许多针对城市平民的大屠杀。

vt.

kill a lot of people 大屠杀

The enemy set fire to the houses and massacred all the villagers. 敌人放火烧了房子，而且屠杀了所有的村民。

corpse

[C] a dead body, esp. of a human being （尤指人的）死尸，尸体

For over a year, Jack lay in his hospital bed; sadly, he had become a living corpse. 一年多来，杰克躺在医院的病床上，令人伤心的是，他已经成了一个活死人。

pervasive

spreading through the whole of sth. and becoming a very obvious feature of it 贯穿始终的；显而易见的；四处弥漫的

Computer games have become a pervasive form of entertainment since the 1990s. 电脑游戏从20世纪90年代开始已经变成了一种普遍的娱乐活动。

slum

[C, often pl.] a poor area of a town where the houses are in very bad condition 贫民区

Born in a slum, living in an orphanage since his parents died, this kid has been kicked around all of his life. 这个孩子在贫民窟里出生，父母去世后在孤儿院长大，一辈子都任人践踏。

minimal

extremely small in amount or degree, or as small as possible 极小的；极低的；最低限度的

Fortunately, the storm only did minimal damage to the crops. 幸运的是，暴风雨对庄稼造成的损害很小。

coverage

n. [U]

1 extent to which sth. is covered 覆盖范围；覆盖程度

People in remote areas need more satellites to provide telephone coverage. 边远地区的人们需要更多人造卫星来扩大电话覆盖范围。

2 reporting of events, etc. 新闻报道

In California, stories about wild fires receive extensive coverage in the news

media; however, stories about international events receive relatively little coverage. 在加州，新闻媒体对山火进行广泛的报道，然而，对国际事件的新闻报道却相当少。

furnace

[C] a large enclosed container in which you burn fuel, used for heating a building or for an industrial process such as making metal liquid 火炉；暖气炉；熔炉

It's cold in here — should I turn on the furnace? 这里很冷，我可以把暖气炉打开吗？

robbery

[C, U] the crime of taking money or property illegally, often by using threats or violence 抢劫罪

The bank robbery, which took place at dawn, shocked the people of the small town. 发生在黎明时分的银行抢劫案使整个小镇的人都很震惊。

brood

vi.

think and worry about sth. a lot 沉思；忧伤；担忧

So, you got a bad grade on your exam; don't brood over it, but study better for the next one. 这么说，你考得不好。别想了，但要好好学习准备下次考试。

[C] a group of young birds who all have the same mother and were born at the same time 同窝幼鸟

The hen brought up a brood of young chicks. 母鸡带大了一窝小鸡。

resident

[C] sb. who lives in a particular place 居民；定居者；住客

We had already closed the party down shortly after midnight, following complaints from residents. 半夜刚过，收到居民投诉后，我们的派对就停了。

stray

lost or without a home 迷路的；走失的；无家可归的

Too many stray cats and dogs are homeless because their owners simply abandon them thinking the animals can survive on their own. 太多的流浪猫、流浪狗无家可归，因为它们的主人认为动物能够自己生存就抛弃了它们。

vi.

move away from the correct place or path 走离；偏离；走失；迷路

In the tale of \"Little Red Riding Hood\eaten by the \"big bad wolf\". 在《小红帽》的故事中，小姑娘走迷了路，被“大灰狼”给吃掉了。

scrap

[C] (~ of) a small piece of sth. such as paper or cloth （纸、布等的）碎片，小块，零屑

I wrote down his phone number on a scrap of paper. 我在一张小纸片上写下了他的电话号码。

vt.

decide not to continue with sth. such as a plan or an event 放弃；抛弃

If negotiations succeed, intended plans to lengthen military service from 15 to 18 months will also be scrapped. 如果谈判成功的话，打算将服兵役时间从15个月延长至18个月的计划也会被放弃。

edible

fit or suitable to be eaten 适宜食用的

The apple got rotten, so it is no longer edible. 苹果腐烂了，所以不能吃了。

warehouse

[C] a big building where large amounts of goods are stored 货仓；仓库

summon

vt.

1 also (~ up) manage to produce a quality or a reaction that helps you deal with a difficult situation 鼓起（勇气）；振作（精神）

After her long, sleepless night, Ruth took a deep breath and summoned all her courage to put into words what she had decided to say. 经历了一个漫长的无眠之夜后，露丝深吸一口气，鼓起所有的勇气把她决定要说的事情讲了出来。

2 (fml.) officially order sb. to come to a place, esp. a court of law 召见，召唤，传唤（某人到庭）

The dean has summoned all teaching staff to a meeting for a discussion of the school's budget cuts this afternoon. 今天下午院长已经召集所有教师开会，讨论学校预算缩减的问题。

jealous

1 (fml.) (~ of) wanting very much to protect or keep sth. 小心守护的；唯恐失去的

Don't complain any longer. You should be more jealous of all that you possess at the moment. 不要再抱怨了！你应该更加珍惜你现在拥有的一切。

2 slightly angry because sb. else has sth. you would like, or can do sth. you would like to do 妒忌的；妒羡的

Professor Paine is in a delicate situation because one of her colleagues is very jealous of her success. 佩因教授的处境很微妙，因为她的一个同事非常嫉妒她的成功。

jealously

ad.

1 protectively; watchfully 小心守护地；唯恐失去地

They had become very famous and strangers often bothered them; so, they guarded their privacy jealously. 他们已非常出名，经常被陌生人骚扰。所以，他们小心翼翼地保护着自己的隐私。

2 with envy 妒羡地；妒忌地

She gazed jealously at her friend's new red sports car. 她妒忌地盯着她朋友的红色新跑车。

residue

[C] the part of sth. that remains after the rest has gone or ended 残余；剩余

Peeling fruit and vegetable skins will help avoid eating residues of farm chemicals. 对水果蔬菜去皮有助于避免食入残留农药。

dilute

(of a liquid) made weaker by adding water or another substance 稀释了的；冲淡了的

I wonder whether this is the dilute solution that we can use in our experiment. 我想知道这是否就是我们在实验中可以使用的稀释溶液。

vt.

1 make a liquid weaker by adding water or another substance in it 稀释；冲淡

Her coffee was too strong, so she diluted it with water; then she added milk to improve the flavor. 她的咖啡太浓了，所以加了些水来稀释，随后加入牛奶来提味。

2 make sth. less strong or effective 削弱；降低

Serious attention is being given to diluting the value of personal tax allowances. 降低个人收入免税额度一事正受到人们的密切关注。

nutrition

[U] food considered as sth. that keeps you healthy 营养；滋养

Good nutrition is essential if patients are to make a quick recovery. 如果病人要恢复得快的话，好的营养是必需的。

naive

1 (of people and their behavior) innocent and simple 天真的；率直的

Generally, humans start as naive young children and grow into mature adults, but there are some, who, it seems, resist growing up. 总的说来，人一开始都是天真无邪的儿童，然后成长为成熟的大人。但有一些人似乎拒绝长大。

2 lacking experience of life, knowledge or good judgment and willing to believe that people always tell you the truth 毫无经验的；幼稚的；无知的；轻信的

It is naive to expect that any society can resolve all of the social problems it faces, once and for all. 指望任何社会都能一劳永逸地解决面临的所有社会问题是幼稚的。

inflict

vt.

make sb. suffer sth. unpleasant 使（某人）遭受（不愉快的事）；使承受

The ever-lasting downpour of rain inflicted loss of property, disease and even

deaths upon the population in the small valley below the dam. 持续不断的瓢泼大雨给住在堤坝下面小山谷里的民众造成了财产损失、疾病，甚至死亡。

Phrases and expressions

radiate from

spread out from sb. or sth., as with rays 自…发出

The tents were collecting both the heat that radiated from the ground and the rays that came from the sun. 帐篷吸收着地面散发出来的热量以及太阳光线的热量。

conceive of

(fml.) imagine a particular situation or think about sth. in a particular way 想象，设想，构想（某一具体情况）

Many people can‘t conceive of a dinner without meat or fish. 很多人无法想象一个没有肉或鱼的晚宴。

in the direction of

heading for or traveling toward 朝…方向

On a hot summer day, the little boy was running hurriedly in the direction of the small lake, jumped in and went for a swim. 在一个炎热的夏日，小男孩匆忙跑向小

湖，跳进去游泳。

stay down

remain in a prone, squatting, or sitting position 卧倒；蹲伏

All of the soldiers stayed down while the enemy shells were exploding. 当敌人的炮弹爆炸时，所有的士兵都卧倒了。

press … to …

push sth. closely and firmly against sth. 使…紧靠…

Mary's cell phone reception was so weak that even if she pressed the receiver to her ear, she still couldn't hear what Tom was saying. 玛丽的手机信号接收效果太差了，即使她把电话听筒贴在耳朵上，还是无法听清楚汤姆在说什么。

line … with …

form a layer over the inside surface of sth. 铺，垫（某物内部）

You should line the boxes with paper before you store your new shirts in them. 箱子用纸铺好后，再往里面放你的新衬衣。

dive into

jump into 跳入；钻进

Against her parents' expectations, the little girl was completely fearless, and she ran to the end of the springboard and dived into the water. 父母没有想到的是，小女孩完全无所畏惧，她跑向跳板的末端，跳入了水中。

fly at

attack sb. violently 扑向；猛烈攻击

The mad man suddenly flew at me; he was kicking and scratching, and all I could do was to call for help. 那个疯子突然向我扑来，他又是踢又是抓，我所能做的只能是大喊求助。

next to nothing

very little 几乎没有；极少

I know next to nothing about cars, and I'm not interested in them either. 我对轿车知之甚少，而且也不感兴趣。

weave one's way around / through / to sth.

move somewhere by turning and changing direction a lot 迂回穿行

There were so many people in the street that William had to weave his way

through the crowds. 街上到处都是人，威廉不得不在人群中迂回穿行。

huddle together

move close together in order to stay warm, feel safe, or talk （使）挤作一团；（使）聚在一起

It was so cold outside that beggars had to huddle together for warmth. 外面太冷了，乞丐们不得不挤在一起相互取暖。

Reading comprehensive——Understanding

1.He suddenly notices 12 distant silver points moving across the clear brilliant sky with an unfamiliar abnormal hum.

2.Because he has not grown accustomed to war and cannot conceive of the danger, and he is fascinated by the bombs' explosion.

3.The author feels that flight has suddenly become some kind of higher necessity, some new form of life.

4.Because the author wants to take his grandfather, a victim of war, as a typical example to reveal the helplessness of individuals in the cruel war.

5.By describing the \"increasingly appalling landscapehe author wants to convey that war only brings people huge disasters, destroying everything without

mercy and ruining people's life completely.

6.The poor are exposed to much more severe conditions than at any other time in the year as they can't afford to heat the furnace.

7.Because she is worried and helpless. They have nothing to eat, and she doesn't know whether they can survive the severe war.

8.Because they have nothing to eat and the sugar residue inside the container serves as their only nutrition for days.

Reading comprehensive——Critical thinking

1.War sometimes does help solve some tough problems such as territory disputes, but it can never solve them once and for all. Losers may take revenge on winners several years later or even decades later, and then wars will continue on and on. Common people will live in constant chaos of war and suffer the most. National hatred between the countries involved in wars will be triggered and will remain in people's hearts for many years.

2.There are many factors that are widely believed to contribute to a war in human history, such as territory expansion or dispute, economic crisis, terrorism, religious conflict, etc.

3.It is war that inflicts devastation and destruction. It is peace that facilitates

long-lasting prosperity and happiness. Any peace brought by war is just temporary. Only the sincere desire for peace radiating from people's hearts can bring about world peace.

Language focus——Words in use

1.evacuated 2.stray 3.diluted 4.gigantic 5.standpoint 6.nutrition 7.inflicted 8.pervasive 9.naive 10.permeated

Language focus——Word Building：practice 1

1.momentary 2.supplementary 3.customary 4.visionary 5.missionary

6.disciplinary 7.complexity 8.fatality 9.availability 10.feasibility 11.authenticity 12.desirability

Language focus——Word Building：practice 2

1.visionary 2.fatality 3.availability 4.customary 5.feasibility 6.momentary 7.disciplinary 8.supplementary 9.missionary 10.authenticity 11.complexity 12.desirability

Language focus——Banked cloze

1.appalling 2.innumerable 3.distinction 4.casualties 5.unrecorded 6.massacres 7.foster 8.stage 9.decline 10.stabilize

Language focus——Expressions in use

1.flew at 2.wove her way through 3.radiated from 4.conceive of 5.was lined with 6.dive into 7.next to nothing 8.stayed down

Structure analysis and writing ——Structure writing——Practice

I spent my childhood in a small village. At that time, my mother had to bring up my sister and me by herself because my father was working in Shanghai. Even though our living conditions weren't good, it was a happy time for me.

I had little friends in the village. We often played together. In spring, we ran on the green grasslands and picked beautiful flowers whose names we didn't know. We often climbed the hill beside the village, stood at the top of the hill and shouted. The sound of joy echoed in the village. Summer came right after spring. The weather became hot. We played in the woods behind my house. A small river ran through the woods. When we felt hot, we jumped into the river. Oh! How cool it was! Then, fall came; it meant there was tasty corn for us. We set a fire, at the end of the fields, to burn the cobs of the corn we'd picked. I was often scolded by my mother for doing this. The winter was a wonderful time for us. In this season, the most interesting thing was to have a snow-fight. Though it was cold outside, we enjoyed ourselves very much.

Not only did I play with my friends, but also I learned virtue from them. They were friendly, hard-working, and honest. I spent some pleasant time with them. I'll

never forget my childhood.

Reading skills——Practice

1.Who: Luis Dutarte

Where: at his home

When: ever since the arrival of the American military

What: being curious about the military camp

Main idea: Ever since the arrival of the American military, Luis was quite curious about the military camp established below his home.

2.Who: Ronald Smith

Where: in France

When: after the war ended

What: trying hard to find Luis but always failed

Main idea: After the war ended, Ronald Smith tried hard in his search for Luis in France, but he always failed to find him.

窗体底端 Unit 7

Text A

Vocabulary

slump

n. [C, usu. sing.]

1 a period when there is a reduction in business and many people lose their jobs （经济的）不景气，萧条

There are new concerns that the housing slump is far from over. 新的担忧是，房地产业的萧条远远没有结束。

2 a sudden decrease in prices, sales, profits, etc. （价格、销售额、利润等的）突然下跌

There is a slump in sales and profits which affects almost every industry in the country. 销售额和利润的锐减影响到国内的几乎每个行业。

originate

vi.

begin to exist or appear for the first time 发源；开始

The disease is said to have originated in the tropics. 这种疾病据说起源于热带地区。

regulatory

(usu. before noun) having the power to control an area of business or industry and make sure that it is operating fairly （对工商业）具有监管权的，监管的

Although this government is providing a regulatory framework, it is not regulating the banking and the insurance industries properly. 尽管该政府提供监管机制，但其对银行和保险业并没有起到合理监管的作用。

mortgage

[C] a legal arrangement by which you borrow money from a bank or similar organization in order to buy a house, and pay back the money over a period of years 抵押贷款；按揭

Most young couples now have to use most of their paycheck to pay the mortgage for their houses. 大多数的年轻夫妇如今不得不将他们大部分的薪水用于偿还房贷。

repay

vt.

(repaid, repaid) pay back money that you have borrowed 付还；偿还

Sadly, the father could no longer protect and provide for his family since he could not repay his debt. 悲哀的是，这位父亲连自己的债务都偿还不了，再也没法去保护和供养自己的家庭了。

oversight

1 [U] the situation of being in charge of a piece of work and checking that it is satisfactory 监管；监督

You need to have oversight of all the management processes and services, including how they work and what they actually do. 你需要对全部的管理过程和服务进行监督，包括他们如何工作以及到底在干什么。

2 [C, U] a mistake in which you forget sth. or do not notice sth. 失察；疏忽

Now, all of us are burdened with correcting the negative results of the oversight. 现在我们都在不辞劳苦地纠正由于失察所带来的负面结果。

subsidiary

[C] a company that is owned or controlled by another larger company 子公司；附属公司

She's working for an overseas subsidiary of a huge multinational corporation. 她在为一家大型跨国公司的海外子公司工作。

shareholder

[C] sb. who owns shares in a company or business 股东；股票持有者

The resolutions offered during the corporation's most recent shareholder meeting received unprecedented approval. 公司最近股东大会上提出的决议取得了前所未有的认可。

sizable

(also sizeable) fairly large 相当大的

The immigrants were sheltered in temporary housing and later were given sizable sums to help them buy homes. 移民被安置在临时住房里，后来他们得到了一大笔钱以购买房屋。

drastic

extreme and sudden 激烈的；严厉的；突然的

The massive flooding from the recent hurricane caused drastic crop losses to almost all farmers in the region. 近期飓风带来的大规模洪水暴发给本地区几乎所有农民的收成造成了巨大损失。

spiral

vi.

1 continuously become worse, more, or less 不断地恶化（或增长、减少）

An accident at the nuclear power station in this densely populated area could easily spiral into a catastrophe. 在这个人口密集地区，一次核电站事故就会轻易演变成大灾难。

2 move in a continuous curve that gets nearer to or further from its central point as it goes round 螺旋形上升（下降）

The factory was on fire, and a thick cloud of smoke spiraled into the sky. 工厂着火了，浓烟滚滚，冲上天空。

[C] a line in the form of a curve that winds around a central point, moving further away from the center all the time 螺线；螺旋线

There was a staircase at the end, a spiral of steps that would take them down to the next walkway. 末端有一段楼梯，螺旋向下，会把他们引到下一个通道。

layoff

[C] an occasion when an employer ends a worker's employment for a temporary period of time because there is not enough work （因工作不多而导致的）临时解雇，裁员

I was laid off at the end of 2013 as a part of the big layoff. 2013 年末我下岗了，成为了大裁员中的一员。

termination

[C, U] the end of an agreement, job, or situation 结束；终止

The job terminations were much more numerous than anyone had expected. 岗位裁减量比任何人预料的都要多得多。

rebound

[C] (esp. business) a positive reaction that happens after sth. negative 复兴；振兴

Despite the rebound in the job market, unemployment remains high; many sectors of manufacturing are suffering from excess capacity, and currency tensions are still on the rise.尽管就业市场回暖，失业率仍然居高不下，制造业各部门人员过剩，资金紧张态势仍在上升。

vi.

hit a surface and then move quickly backward again 弹回；跳回

As the ball rebounded it struck a player on the arm and was then gathered by a yard in front of him. 球反弹起来，碰到一名球员的手臂上，接着被前面一码远的队友接住。

tenant

[C] sb. who lives in a house, room, etc. and pays rent to the person who owns it 房客；租户

I tried to rent the house by the beach, but it had already been taken for the season by another tenant. 我想租下海滩边的那套房子，但是这个季度已被另一位房客租下了。

eviction

[C, U] the act or process of officially forcing sb. to leave a house or piece of land（对房客或佃户的）驱逐

motel

[C] a hotel for people who are traveling by car, where you can park your car outside your room 汽车旅馆

expire

vi.

(of a document, an agreement, etc.) be no longer valid because the period of time for which it could be used has ended （因文件、协议等到期而）失效，终止；到期

Their fat contracts are due to expire after the season. 他们的巨额合同本季度后就到期了。

migrant

[C] sb. who goes to live in another area or country, esp. in order to find work （尤指为寻找工作而迁移的）移民，移居者

The human population swelled, at least temporarily, as migrants moved south. 随着移民南迁，人口出现增长现象，至少是暂时性地增长。

metropolitan

(only before noun) relating or belonging to a very large city 大城市的；大都会的

When he ahd to move to metropolitan Chicago for a job, he was homesick for a very long time. 当时他为了工作不得不来芝加哥这个大都市时，很长一段时间他都很想家。

likelihood

1 (in all ~) almost certainly 几乎肯定地；极可能地

If prices keep climbing, consumers will in all likelihood need to be more careful about their purchases and tighten their belts. 要是物价继续攀升，消费者极可能会勒紧裤腰带，更加谨慎购物。

2 [sing., U] the degree to which sth. can reasonably be expected to happen 可能（性）

The earlier you start smoking, the higher the likelihood that you will become addicted. 抽烟越早，越有可能上瘾。

bureau

n. [C] (pl. bureaus or bureaux)

1 a government department or a part of a government department in the US （美国政府部门的）司，局，处，署

2 an office or organization that collects or provides information 收集（提供）信息的办事处（机构）

tumble

vi.

fall down quickly and suddenly, esp. with a rolling movement 倒下；跌倒；摔倒；滚下；翻滚下来

The statue came tumbling down during the riots. 那尊雕像在骚乱中轰然倒地。

deposit

vt.

put money or sth. valuable in a bank or other place where it will be safe 将（钱或贵重物品）存入（银行或其他安全的地方）

For your convenience, your paycheck will be automatically deposited into your bank account. 为方便起见，你的工资会自动存入你的银行账户。

[C] a part of the cost of sth. you are buying that you pay some time before you pay the rest of it 订金

To make sure that the real estate agent won't sell the house we like to someone else, we've put down a five-percent deposit on the house. 为了确保房产经纪人不把我们看好的房子卖给别人，我们已支付了房款的5%作为订金。

deteriorate

vi.

become worse 恶化

They say that the economy is going to further deteriorate before things start to stabilize and enough new jobs will be available again. 他们说经济会进一步恶化，然后才会趋稳，并重新提供充足的新工作岗位。

verge

[C] (be on the ~ of) be at the point where sth. is about to happen 濒于…；即将…

Too many regions around the world where fighting has become the daily routine are on the verge of serious humanitarian crises. 世界上有太多对战争已经习以为常的地区正处在严重人道主义危机的边缘。

harassment

[U] annoying or unpleasant behavior toward sb. that takes place regularly, e.g. threats, offensive remarks, or physical attacks 骚扰；侵扰

She had to quit her job and file a lawsuit against her boss because she had been subjected to continual sexual harassment by her boss at work. 她不得不辞职，并对她的老板提起法律诉讼，因为她在工作中曾不断受到老板的性骚扰。

certification

[C, U] an official document that says sb. is allowed to do a certain job, that sth. is of good quality, etc. 证书

He spent 20 minutes looking over our passports and identity cards, as well as our letters of certification from the university. 他用了20分钟时间检查我们的护照、身份证以及学校开具的证明文件。

spectrum

[C] (pl. spectra or spectrums) a complete range of opinions, people, situations, etc., going from one extreme to its opposite （观点、人、情况等的）范围，幅度

We shall hear views from across the political spectrum. 我们要听取各个政治派别的看法。

retail

[U] the sale of goods in shops to customers, for their own use and not for selling to anyone else 零售；零卖

evict

vt.

legally force sb. to leave the house they are living in, usu. because they have not paid their rent （通常因某人未付租金将其从房屋里）驱逐，赶出

A number of tenants have been evicted for not paying the rent. 许多房客因不交房租被赶了出去。

bureaucracy

1 [U] a complicated official system that is annoying or confusing because it has a lot of rules, processes, etc. 官僚制度；官僚作风；官僚主义

She needed to know quickly what to do and grew very tired of the excessive bureaucracy. 她想快点知道要做什么，对过分的官僚主义作风已经厌倦。

2 [C, U] the people employed to run government organizations 官僚；政府官员

Like any huge bureaucracy, their military does many things that are wasteful or inefficient. 跟任何庞大的官僚机构一样，他们的军队也在很多事情上存在浪费、低效现象。

municipal

relating to or belonging to the government of a town or city 市政府的；市的；市办的

Municipal government is involved in many aspects of our daily lives. 我们日常生活的诸多方面都和市政府息息相关。

council

n. [C]

1 a group of people elected to the government of a city in the US （美国的）市议会

Joe was very proud of his mom when she became elected as a member of the

local city council. 乔为妈妈当选为当地市议会的议员而感到非常自豪。

2 a group of people that are chosen to make rules, laws, or decisions, or to give advice 委员会；理事会

The UN Security Council has primary responsibility for maintaining international peace and security. 联合国安理会对维护国际和平与安全负有重要责任。

comply

vi.

(fml.) do what you have to do or are asked to do 服从；遵守

John's boss put a lot of pressure on him to comply with the new company rules about safety at the workplace. 约翰的老板对他施加了很大压力，让他遵守公司关于工作场所安全的新条例。

reclaim

vt.

1 get back sth. that you have lost or that has been taken away from you 恢复；夺回

All fans were happy because their soccer team reclaimed the World Cup title

from their rivals. 所有的球迷都很开心，因为他们的足球队从对手手中夺回了世界杯。

2 get back an amount of money that you have paid 取回（已付的金钱）

You might be able to reclaim the money which you overpaid for having your car serviced at the new dealership. 你也许能够取回在那家新经销商处维修汽车时多付的钱款。

refuge

[U] shelter or protection from sb. or sth. 避难；庇护

We brought no proper clothing for the rain, but we found refuge from the storm in a nearby barn. 我们没有带防雨服，但是在附近的一间仓房找到了避雨处。

donate

give sth., esp. money, to a person or an organization in order to help them 捐赠，捐献（尤指钱）

Festival organizers are urging visitors to donate blood and also money for injured victims to a Red Cross Earthquake Relief Fund. 节日主办方敦促来访者向红十

字会地震救灾基金献血、捐款来救助伤者。

parasite

n. [C]

1 (fml.) a lazy person who does not work but depends on other people - used to show disapproval 靠他人为生的人，寄生虫（含贬义）

Instead of helping his aging parents with money, he often returned to them asking for money like a parasite. 他不但没有在钱财上帮助年迈的双亲，反而经常像寄生虫一样回家找他们要钱。

2 a plant or animal that lives on or in another plant or animal and gets food from it 寄生植物；寄生动物；寄生虫

jelly

[C, U] a thick sweet substance made from boiled fruit and sugar with no pieces of fruit in it, eaten esp. on bread （不含水果块的）果酱

subsistence

[U] the condition of only just having enough money or food to stay alive （勉强的）维持生活，生存，生计

Anita worked a 16-hour day, at two minimum-wage jobs, and only for subsistence of herself and her two children. 安妮塔一天工作16小时，干两份薪水微薄的工作，却仅够养活自己和两个孩子。

surf

1 (~ the Net / Internet) look quickly through information on the Internet for anything that interests you 网上冲浪；浏览互联网

Once her work was finished as a housewife, she could read, watch TV, or surf the Net. 一旦干完了家庭主妇的活儿，她就可以读书，看电视，或者上网。

2 ride on waves while standing on a special board 冲浪

Going out on the ocean to surf began hundreds of years ago, among the natives of Hawaii. 数百年前，夏威夷的本地居民就开始去海上冲浪了。

index

n. [C]

1 (pl. indexes) a set of cards or a database containing information, usu. arranged in alphabetical order and used esp. in a library （尤用于图书馆的）卡片（资料库）索引

The card catalog is an index to the materials in the library. 卡片目录是图书馆的资料索引。

2 (pl. indices or indexes) (technical) a system by which prices, costs, etc. can be compared to those of a previous date （用于比较今夕价格、费用等的）指数

At the close of trading, the Dow Jones Index as off 28 points. 收盘时，道• 琼斯指数下跌了28点。

brutal

very cruel and violent 无情的；残酷的；野蛮的；凶残的

The movie theater shooter was an exceptionally cold-hearted and brutal killer. 电影院开枪者是个凶残的杀手，极其冷酷无情。

Phrases and expressions

pack up

put things into boxes, suitcases, bags, etc. in order to take or store them 把…打包；把…装箱（盒、袋等）

We arrived too late for the concert, just as the musicians were already packing up their instruments. 音乐会我们到场太迟了，音乐家们都已经在收拾乐器了。

wind up

(linking verb) (infml.) be in an unpleasant situation or place after a lot has happened 以…告终

In extreme sports (such as sky diving), you take the risk that you may wind up seriously injured or even dead. 在极限运动（比如跳伞）中，你要冒可能会严重受伤甚至赔上性命的风险。

put down

pay part of the total cost of sth., so that you can pay the rest later 付（订金）

We put 10 percent down on the house. 我们给房子交了10%的订金。

scrape sth. together / up

get enough money for a particular purpose, when this is difficult （为某目的）勉强筹集，凑足（钱款）

He managed to scrape up enough money for lunch. 他设法凑齐了中午的饭钱。

deteriorate into

develop into a bad or worse situation 演变成；恶化成

There are fears that the situation might deteriorate into a full-scale war. 有人担心这个形势可能会恶化为一场全面的战争。

a roof over one's head

a place to live 栖身之所；住处

Finding a roof over their head has become a real problem for thousands of young people seeking a home of their own. 对成千上万想有一个家的年轻人来说，找到可以栖身的房子实在是成了一个难题。

catch up with sb.

finally find sb. who has been doing sth. illegal and punish them （终于）抓住并惩罚（某人）

The law caught up with him for 10 years of failing to pay child support to his ex-wife for his two children after he had moved to Canada. 他迁往加拿大之后，由于有十年都未支付给前妻两个孩子的抚养费而受到法律的惩处。

for good

permanently 永远

This time she's leaving for good. 她这次离开是再也不回来了。

be in a position to do sth.

be able to do sth. because you have the ability, money, or power to do it （因为有能力、金钱或权力而）能够做某事

I would like to shorten your long working hours, but I'm afraid I am not in a position to help you right now. 我很想缩短你的工作时间，但目前恐怕我无法帮你。

Proper names

Sue Johnson 苏 • 约翰逊（人名）

Bureau of Labor Statistics （美国）劳工统计局（负责收集、加工、分析，以及向公众发布重要的统计数据）

the Caribbean 加勒比地区（加勒比海诸岛及所属地区）

Reading comprehensive——Understanding

1.The companies that had the oversight and those that owned the loans, as

well as their subsidiaries and their shareholders, lost sizable amounts of money.

2.They were jobless people who were no longer allowed to claim unemployment insurance benefits which they could only receive for 99 weeks.

3.Although the unemployment benefits were small in amount, they helped jobless people to survive and to keep their life going.

4.Because Sue went back and forth between resolve and despair.

5.Because she thought both the health-care safety net and job market were better there.

6.She couldn't receive effective support from the government and social organizations. Furthermore, what she needed was far beyond what her friends could offer and her sons were also not in a position to help her. So, she could only rely on herself.

7.She had to deal with new difficulties like what to do for an address for job applications, and worried that calls would not reach her because her cell phone was cut off for non-payment.

8.The author intends to reveal the severe impact of unemployment, which resulted from the economic crisis, on the working class. Despite her continuous efforts, Sue had to face the harsh reality of losing everything she possessed before:

job, apartment, high living standard, finishing her education, status, belief and self-esteem.

Reading comprehensive——Critical thinking

1.I think women and children suffer most in an economic downturn. Women are among the first to lose jobs, having to work harder to seek additional income, spending less time on nurture and care. And many women and children (to varying degrees) lack voice and power which, among other effects, contributes to abuse and exploitation.

2.The social security system protects the economic security of workers, retirees, the disabled, and their families, and is a source of income for them. More than any other program, social security reduces poverty and improves the standard of living. Social security can be an important pillar to stabilize society, stimulate domestic demand and promote economic growth.

3.On one hand, the government probably should extend the period of unemployment insurance benefits for people like Sue; on the other hand, the government should create job opportunities to help them with employment.

4.• I think it is important for the government to regulate economic activities in an economy. There are four basic reasons for government interference. First, we should protect the environment because the costs of polluting the environment can affect all members of society. Second, we should help people who may be too

young, too old, too ill or otherwise unable to support themselves. Third, we should try to see that the marketplace stays competitive. Lastly, we must maintain economic stability.

• I think it is important for the government to allow the market complete freedom. A free market economy is driven by individual innovation and the notion that hard work and creativity will be rewarded by success. Freedom to compete in markets is good for us, as it makes us strive to do our best, leading to more value creation. It is wrong of governments to interfere with markets, whether through protectionism or other regulations restricting our freedom to trade and compete.

Language focus——Words in use

1.donate 2.spiral 3.termination 4.layoff 5.subsistence 6.spectrum 7.complied 8.reclaimed 9.originated 10.expired

Language focus——Word Building：practice 1

1.emission 2.omission 3.suspension 4.prediction 5.distribution 6.corrupt 7.generosity 8.formality 9.locality 10.maturity 11.peculiarity 12.liability

Language focus——Word Building：practice 2

1.emission 2.suspension 3.formalities 4.prediction 5.omissions 6.distribution 7.locality 8.peculiarity 9.corrupting 10.generosity 11.maturity 12.liability

Language focus——Banked cloze

1.slump 2.mortgages 3.incredibly 4.crashing 5.spread 6.promotes

7.catastrophic 8.verge 9.oversight 10.stabilize

Language focus——Expressions in use

1.put down 2.wind up 3.scrape together 4.on the verge of 5.in all likelihood 6.deteriorate into 7.are in a position 8.gave way to

Structure analysis and writing ——Structure writing——Practice

In 2005, the Ministry of Education lifted the ban on students getting married in college. College students have the right to get married of course, but in my opinion, it will bring about dramatic harmful effects on students’ development. First, taking the responsibilities of marriage too early would do nothing but disturb students’ pursuit of education. Maintaining a marriage takes time and commitment. Students need to shoulder the responsibilities of keeping the family going. It’s hard for them to strike a balance between study and family. Therefore, their education will be greatly influenced due to lack of time, which may finally yield negative consequence on their future career and life. Furthermore, supporting a family is surely a heavy economic burden to both students and their parents. Most college students in China are still not financially independent. Since they are still asking their parents for money to support their life and education, how can they manage to support their own families? Third, raising a child may be

especially difficult for young parents. Although they may think of themselves as grown-ups, college students are still psychologically immature to some extent. They seldom bother to think about the difficulties and problems in nurturing a baby, which are beyond their capability to handle. This inability to take care of children, in turn, might have catastrophic effects on their children’s growth and development. With all mentioned above, marriage in college should not be encouraged. College students, who are expected to pursue knowledge and truth, should achieve academic success rather than get married young.

Reading skills——Practice

1.Economic bubbles occur when, for any number of reasons, excessive investment in commodities (such as oil), securities (such as stocks and bonds), real estate, or collectibles drives up prices well beyond the item's intrinsic value. The inevitable result of this boom in price is a crash or bust. The price falls sharply once it becomes clear that it has grown far beyond the purchasing power of potential customers. This definition of \"economic bubbles\" is described in detail. It tells how \"economic bubbles\" develop, and what consequences and characteristics economic bubbles have.

2.It is a mechanism that adjusts prices downward. In order to make the concept clear, comparison or contrast is used to illustrate how the economic feedback mechanism works through an analogy.

3.Buyers justify their purchases by assuring themselves they will find \"a

greater fool\" who will pay even more.

\"The greater fool theory\" typically starts with definition and meaning of the term, and then it is followed by an illustration and one famous example.

4.In a normal market, investors buy stock in a company because they anticipate that future profits will become dividends and they believe the value of the company's assets will increase. Sometimes, though, a \"herd mentality\" sets in and too many brokers rush to buy, driving prices like mercury up a thermometer to levels that prove unrealistic. Eventually it becomes clear that further increases are not forthcoming and price deterioration develops, followed by a swift drop. When this happens to too many companies in aggregate, it is called a stock market crash.

This definition of \"stock market bubbles\" is developed through illustration of details.

5.The author defines \"herd mentality\" by saying a \"herd mentality\" sets in and too many brokers rush to buy, driving prices like mercury up a thermometer to levels that prove unrealistic.

This definition of \"herd mentality\" is developed through examples.

6.The buzz about the economic possibilities of the Internet encouraged investors to fund the creation of many dot-com companies — too many it

turned out. On March 10, 2000, the dot-com boom reached its peak when the stock index hit 5,132.52. Over the next two and a half years, the index dropped to as low as 1,108. Very few companies bucked the trend. Most had blundered into awful financial difficulties, selling off their assets to healthier companies.

The term \"dot-com\" bubble is defined by a detailed description of how it happened.

窗体底端 Unit 8

Text A

Vocabulary

baffle

vt.

confuse sb. completely; be too difficult or strange for sb. to understand or explain 使困惑；难住

The mystery that baffled him most was Jos' sudden disappearance from the lakeside cottage. 最让他困惑的谜团是乔斯在湖边小屋的突然失踪。

provocative

intended to make people angry or upset; intended to make people argue about sth. 挑衅的；煽动的；引起争端的

For our conservative small town, \"sexual harassment at the workplace\" was a particularly provocative topic. 对我们这个风气比较保守的小镇来说，“工作场所的性骚扰”是特别令人义愤填膺的话题。

opinionated

having very strong opinions that you are not willing to change 固执己见的；顽固的

Ever since I've known Betty, she has been very opinionated, and she thinks that she is right about everything. 自从我认识贝蒂起，她一直都十分固执，认为自己每件事都是对的。

dispense

vt. (fml.)

1 (~ with) not use or do sth. that people usu. use or do, because it is not necessary （因无必要而）摒弃；不用（做）

You can apply for a license from your local council, which means that you can dispense with the formality. 你可以向当地委员会申请一个许可证，从而就可以省掉正式手续。

2 give sth. to people, esp. in fixed amounts （尤指以固定数额）分发，分配（某物）

A soup kitchen was set up by the Red Cross which dispensed food to over a thousand refugees. 红十字会设立了施舍处，为一千多难民分发食物。

courtesy

1 [C] sth. you do or say to be polite 礼貌的行为（言语）

When hiking in the hills, we met a young man, exchanged courtesies, and talked for a while. 当我们在山中徒步游玩的时候，碰见了一个年轻人，我们互致问候，并聊了一会儿。

2 [U] polite behavior and respect for other people 有礼的举止；礼貌

I'm upset because you didn't even have the courtesy to inform me that I might

not be giving the lecture which I've prepared for next week. 我很难过，因为你甚至都没有礼节性地通知我：我为下周准备好的演讲不能做了。

obese

(fml. or medical) (of people) very fat, in a way that is not healthy 臃肿的；虚胖的；病态肥胖的

We often find that teenage girls who are just slightly overweight see themselves as massively obese. 我们常常发现十几岁的小女孩稍微超重就认为自己极其肥胖了。

gorge

eat or drink so much of sth. that you cannot eat or drink any more 拼命吃喝；塞饱

Luke doesn't eat much in the presence of his mother; yet, every time she is away, he gorges himself with pizza, ice cream, candies and other junk food. 妈妈在场的时候，卢克吃得不多，然而每次趁她不在的时候，他都狼吞虎咽，大吃比萨、冰淇淋、糖果和其他垃圾食品。

[C] a deep narrow valley with steep sides （山）峡；峡谷

We believe that it is the water from the spring that makes the river that snakes along the gorge a few hundred meters away. 我们相信是泉水形成了几百米外沿峡谷蜿蜒流淌的小河。

humane

showing kindness toward people and animals by making sure that they do not suffer more than is necessary 善良的；仁慈的；人道的

To have an ideal world, our international community needs to end wars, hunger and disease and aim for a just and humane society. 为了实现理想世界，国际社会需要结束战争，消除饥饿和疾病，建立一个公平人道的社会。

ideological

based on strong beliefs or ideas, esp. political or economic ideas 思想上的；思想体系的；意识形态的

Despite wide ideological disagreements, they remained friends, mutually respectful and mutually supporting. 他们尽管意识形态上存在巨大的分歧，但依然是朋友，相互尊敬，相互支持。

cradle

vt.

hold sth. gently, as if to protect it 轻拥；轻抱；捧住

He cradled the baby in his arms, his hands cupping her tiny skull.他轻轻地抱住婴儿，双手捧着她的小脑袋。

[C] a small bed for a baby which can be pushed gently from side to side 摇篮

When the new baby was born, her grandparents brought over the beautiful old hand-made cradle, which they had saved since their children had outgrown it. 宝宝出生的时候，外公外婆带来了手工制作的漂亮老式摇篮，这摇篮他们在自己的儿女长大不用后就一直保存至今。

insulate

vt.

1 (~ sb. / sth. from / against) protect sb. or sth. from unpleasant experiences or influences 使免除（不愉快的经历）；使免受（不良影响）；隔离

All around the world, extremely wealthy people live a rather protected lifestyle and are insulated from the suffering lives of the poor all around them. 纵观世界，巨富之人的生活都是被重重保护起来的，不受周围贫苦民众苦难生活的影响。

2 protect sth. with a material that prevents heat, sound, electricity, etc. from passing through 使隔热；使隔音；使绝缘

The roof is adequately insulated against extremely hot or extremely cold weather. 屋顶对极热和极冷的天气隔绝效果很好。

presumption

1 [C, U] (law) the act of supposing that sth. is true, although it has not yet been proved or is not certain 推定；假定；假设

I cannot make a statement about John's complaints against his neighbors based on presumptions since I don't really know anything about his case. 我不能仅凭推测就对约翰投诉邻居发表意见，因为我确实对这个案子一无所知。

2 [C] sth. that is thought to be true or probable 可能的事；认为真实的事

There is a general presumption that fatty foods are bad for your heart. 人们普遍认为含脂肪多的食物对心脏不好。

milestone

n. [C]

1 a very important stage or event in the development of sth. 重要事件；转折点；里程碑

Rituals mark a person's milestones in life and at work, and they bring members of the family together to celebrate those moments. 各种仪式标志着一个人生活和工作中的重要事件，能够将家庭成员聚在一起庆祝这些重要时刻。

2 a stone by the side of a road that shows how far it is to the next town and to other places 里程碑

The group of hikers, tired and thirsty, hoped that the next milestone might be reached soon. 这群远足者又累又渴，希望很快就能到达下一个里程碑。

hesitant

slow to speak or act because you feel uncertain, embarrassed or unwilling 犹豫的；踌躇的；不情愿的

Bill was a little hesitant at first to speak before an audience, but he quickly blossomed into an eloquent speaker. 比尔在听众面前刚开始说话有点犹犹豫豫，但很快变得能言善辩。

intellect

1 [C, U] the ability to understand things and to think intelligently 才智；理解能力；思维能力

This postgraduate course shapes intellect and enthusiasm, and it provides practical and professional skills. 这门研究生课程培养学生的思维能力和热情，并传授实际的专业技能。

2 [C] sb. who is very intelligent 才智出众者

He is a first-rate intellect and he impresses people with his organization and his thoughtfulness. 他才智一流，组织能力和深思熟虑令人印象深刻。

gross

1 very unpleasant 令人不快的；令人恶心的；使人厌恶的

I tried to eat the tablets. They were so gross that I spit them out again. 我想把这些药片吃下去，但太难吃了，我又吐了出来。

2 (only before noun) being the total amount of sth. before anything is taken away 总的；毛的

In some countries today, gross investment accounts for roughly 15 percent of national income. 在今天的某些国家，投资总额大约占到了本国收入的15%。

irrespective

ad.

(~ of) used when saying that a particular fact has no effect on a situation and is not important 不受某事物影响；不考虑某事物；不问某事物

The way you approach practice greatly affects how much you improve, irrespective of your talent. 不管你才能如何，你的训练方式会极大地影响进展程度。

disposal

[U] the process of getting rid of sth. 丢掉；清除；处理

The new bill will also place a duty on council members to include recycling in

their waste disposal plans. 新法案还将使议员们承担职责，把垃圾的回收利用包含在废物处理计划中。

hardy

strong and healthy and able to bear difficult living conditions 能吃苦耐劳的；坚强的；强壮的

A few hardy joggers were out running in the cold. 几个强健的慢跑锻炼者正在户外的寒冷天气中跑步。

Confucian

of or relating to Confucius or Confucianism （与）孔子（有关）的；（与）儒家（或儒学、儒教）（有关）的

Business in China is still conducted in a traditional Confucian manner where politeness and the search for constructive relationships are of the essence, and successful business follows the establishment of such relationships. 在中国，做生意仍然以传统的儒家方式进行，十分讲究“礼”和建设性的“关系”，在建立各种关系后生意才会成功。

doctrine

[C, U] a belief or set of beliefs held and taught by a church, political party, or other group 教义；主义；学说；信条

The doctrine was based on three fundamental principles. 该学说基于三个基本原则。

clash

vi.

1 (of beliefs, ideas or personalities) be very different and opposed to each other 迥然不同；不相容；抵触

I want you to have your own thoughts and feelings, even if they clash with mine. 我想让你拥有自己的思想和感受，即使它们和我的迥然不同。

2 come together and fight or compete in a contest 打斗；冲突；比赛

Eileen didn't intend to, but she clashed with a conceited woman while visiting a fashion show. 艾琳观看时装秀的时候，和一位傲慢的女士发生了冲突，尽管她不是故意的。

offspring

[C] (pl. offspring) a person's child or children 子女；子孙；后代

Genes are the structures that carry inheritance information from parents to offspring. 基因是父母传递给子女的遗传信息结构。

infringe

vt.

do sth. that is against a law or sb.'s legal rights 违背；触犯（法律）

It suggested that second marriages would substantially infringe the rights of inheritance of the members of the first family. 这意味着再婚将极大地侵害前一个家庭成员的继承权利。

curfew

n. [C, U]

1 (AmE) the time, decided by a parent, by which a child must be home or asleep in the evening （父母规定的）儿童晚间必须回家（睡觉）的时间

Fathers and mothers must understand the wisdom and purpose of a nighttime curfew for teenagers.父母们必须要理解给青少年规定晚上回家时间的智慧和目的。

2 a law that forces people to stay indoors after a particular time at night, or the time people must be indoors 宵禁令；宵禁时间

During the wartime, people usually went back home as early as possible because the evening curfew applied. 战时，因为夜间宵禁令的实施，人们通常会尽早回家。

defiance

[U] open refusal to obey sb. or sth. 违抗；反对；拒绝服从

The committee was satisfied that the gesture of defiance by the chair remained within rules and had been well handled by the board of directors. 主席的对抗姿态并不违反规定，而且已由董事会很好地解决，委员会对此很满意。

indignation

[U] feelings of anger and surprise because you feel insulted or unfairly treated 愤怒；愤慨；义愤

The police officers and body guards have to protect public speakers who may arouse audience indignation or worse. 警察和保镖必须保护那些会引发听众愤怒甚至更糟情形的公共演讲者。

obedience

n. [U]

the practice of doing what sb. tells you to do, or of obeying a law or rule 服从；顺从；遵纪守法

Children were taught to show their parents obedience, duty, and respect. 孩子们接受的教育就是顺从、本分以及尊重父母。

extinguish

vt.

1 destroy an idea or feeling, or make it stop existing 使（想法、感情）破灭；使消亡

Continuing budget cuts in education quickly extinguished any hopes for affordable public education. 教育预算的持续削减很快就使希望公共教育能负担得起的所有想法破灭了。

2 make a fire stop burning or a light stop shining 熄灭；扑灭

When a fire starts, detecting, containing and extinguishing the flames are the three main principles of immediate action. 火灾发生时，探测、控制、扑灭火焰是采取及时行动的三个主要原则。

submission

1 [U] the act of accepting that sb. has defeated you and that you must obey them 屈服；投降；归顺

The army intends to take the city or simply starve it into submission. 军队打算攻占这个城市，或者直接以饥饿迫其屈服。

2 [C, U] the act of giving a plan, piece of writing, etc. to sb. in authority for them to consider or approve, or the plan, piece of writing, etc. itself 呈送；提交；呈递；提交的计划（作品等）

The application for a building permit does not require the submission of any detailed plans. 申请建筑许可证并不要求提交任何详细方案。

propaganda

[U] (usu. disapproving) ideas or statement that may be false or exaggerated

and that are used in order to gain support for a political leader, party, etc. 宣传；鼓吹

These recent news reports clearly contain elements of propaganda. 这些最近的新闻报道明显含有宣传的成分。

portrait

n.[C]

1 a painting, drawing, or photograph of a person, esp. of the head and shoulders 肖像；画像

Shop windows containing the president's portrait were also smashed and vehicles were overturned by the angry people. 装有总统肖像的橱窗被愤怒的人们打碎，汽车也被掀翻了。

2 a detailed description of sb. or sth. 详细的描述；描绘

Although basically a ghost story, this short novel is a piercingly accurate portrait of childhood in the 1950s. 尽管基本上只是个鬼故事，但该短篇小说却敏锐准确地描述了20世纪50年代的儿童生活。

militant

using, or willing to use, force or strong pressure to achieve your aims, esp. to achieve social or political change 动武的；好战的

Rising unemployment and fear of job losses weakened the dominance of militant members of our unions. 失业率的上升和对失去工作的恐惧削弱了我们工会中好斗分子的主导地位。

[C] sb. who uses militant methods to achieve sth. 好斗分子；激进分子

Over the next two days, 30,000 troops and police were reported to be engaged in searches for suspected militants. 据报道，随后两天，有三万军队和警察出动来搜寻嫌疑武装分子。

heritage

[sing., U] the history, traditions and qualities that a country or society has had for many years and that are considered an important part of its character 遗产（指国家或社会长期形成的历史、传统和特色）

Manchester has a rich cultural, economic, and sporting heritage. 曼彻斯特具有丰富的文化、经济和体育传统。

overlap

[C, U] the amount by which two activities, ideas, things, etc. overlap（两种活动、观点、事物等）交搭的数量，重叠的部分

He has emphasized that there is a good deal of overlap in the figures. 他强调指出，在这些数字中有许多部分重叠。

if two or more things overlap, part of one thing covers part of the other 交搭；（与）（某物）部分重叠

One of his two front teeth slightly overlapped the other. 他两颗门牙有点相互交错。

methodology

[C, U] a system of methods used in a particular area of study or activity 方法学；方法论；系统方法

This new teaching methodology is based upon a careful examination of the

relationship between theory and practice. 新的教学法是在对理论和实践的关系进行仔细研究的基础上提出的。

preach

vt.

express a strong opinion and try to persuade other people to accept it 灌输；竭力劝导

The people felt that the prime minister was trying to preach peace and tolerance rather than to explain the steps he would take to accomplish the important endeavor. 人们感到首相只是在鼓吹和平和忍耐，根本不解释他为了完成这一重要尝试所采取的步骤。

talk about a religious subject at a religious meeting, esp. in church （尤指在教堂里）布道，讲道

He was invited to preach in several other churches in the neighborhood. 他应邀前往附近其他几个教堂布道。

armor

vt.

provide (sb.) with emotional, social, or other defenses 为…提供（感情、社交或其他方面的）防御

As was expected, she had mentally armored herself against the inevitable criticisms. 正如大家所料，她已经在心理上把自己保护起来，以应对不可避免的批评。

[U] metal or leather clothing that protects your body, worn by soldiers in battles in past times 盔甲；甲胄

There was a man on guard, wearing leather armor and a helmet that didn't match. 有个人在站岗，穿戴的皮甲和头盔都不相配。

confer

vt.

(fml.) give sth. such as authority, a legal right, or an honor to sb. 授予（权力、权利或荣誉等）

The children happen to be born in a country where birth confers the right of citizenship. 这些孩子们刚好出生在一个出生就授予公民权的国家。

vi.

discuss sth. with other people in order to reach a decision 讨论；商谈；商议；协商

Political leaders were conferring with economists on how to best ease the economic depression. 政界领导正在与经济学家商讨如何才能最大程度地减轻经济衰退。

blueprint

n. [C]

1 a plan for achieving sth. 行动方案；计划蓝图

This booklet isn't a blueprint for developing an effective policy, but a guide. 这个小册子并不是形成有效政策的蓝图，而只是一个指南。

2 a photographic print of a plan for a building, machine, etc. on special blue paper 蓝图；设计图

These WII documents contain the blueprint for a nuclear bomb which Hitler ordered his team of scientists to develop. 这些二战期间的文件含有希特勒命令他的科学家团队研发核弹的设计图。

pudding

[C, U] a cooked sweet dish served after the main course of a meal 布丁（主食后的甜点）

Phrases and expressions

gorge (oneself) on sth.

eat until you are too full to eat any more 贪婪地吃；狼吞虎咽

After you've gorged yourself on all the \"all-you-can-eat buffetoo tired to go out with us and have fun. 当你狼吞虎咽地吃完“不限量自助餐”所有的东西，你也就疲倦了，没法跟我们出去玩乐。

lose weight

take off weight 减轻体重

tiptoe around sth.

try to avoid dealing with a difficult or embarrassing subject or problem 避而不谈（困难或尴尬的话题或问题）

I already know what everyone is saying about me; so, you know you don't have to tiptoe around that subject with me. 我已经知道别人怎么说我，所以，你知道，就这个话题是不用跟我绕圈子的。

in terms of

regarding; concerning 就…而言；从…方面说来

For many businesses the administration of employees' expense accounts can be an unwanted headache, both in terms of time spent and cost. 对许多企业来说，对雇员开支账户的管理，不管是时间还是成本花费，都是令人棘手和头疼的问题。

get away with sth.

escape blame, punishment, or undesirable consequences for (an act that is wrong or mistaken) 逃避，躲过（错误行为）所带来的责备（惩罚或后果）

Luke never could get away with lying to his mother. 卢克对他妈撒谎的话，是绝对逃脱不了惩罚的。

at one's disposal

available for one to use at any time 由某人支配；供某人使用

I don't see why we can't open up a new community center; it should be easy with all the resources that we have at our disposal. 我不明白为什么不能开设新社区中心，以我们手头的所有资源这是容易办到的。

force sth. on / upon sb.

make sb. do or accept sth. even though they do not want to 把…强加于…

It is unwise to force your own views on other people. 把你的观点强加给别人是不明智的。

provide for sb. / sth.

give sb. the things they need to live, such as money, food, etc. 提供生活所需

You will give your time to care for the children, provide for all their needs and take them out regularly. 你要抽出时间照看孩子，提供他们需要的一切，并定期带他们出去玩。

have authority over

be able or have the power to control or manage 具有对…的管辖权

Students at the university have authority over their own learning. 该大学的学生有权管理自己的学习。

don't get me wrong

(spoken) used when you want to make sure that sb. understands your comments correctly, esp. when you are criticizing sth. （尤指在批评某事时）不要误解我，不要曲解我

Don't get me wrong – we're not asking for any favors from the referee. 不要误解我——我们并不是想让裁判有任何偏袒。

for one's part

used when saying what a particular person thinks or does, as opposed to other people 就…而言

For my part I would gladly forgive him for anything that might still need forgiveness. 对我来说，我会很乐意地宽恕他所有仍需要宽恕的事情。

have a high / low / good / bad opinion of sb. / sth.

think that sb. or sth. is very good or very bad 对（某人或某事）有（很高、很低、很好、很坏的）评价

Most people had a low opinion of the politicians and felt that they were not dedicated. 大多数人对这些政客们的评价很低，觉得他们没有奉献精神。

the proof is in the pudding

(also the proof of the pudding is in the eating) used to say that you can only know whether sth. is good or bad after you have tried it 布丁好不好，吃了才知道（评价事物的好坏只能凭实践检验）

Reading comprehensive——Understanding

1.They think it is provocative, unimaginable and even illegal.

2.The author uses the example of \"an obese child\" to show different parenting methods between Chinese and Western parents, thereby vividly introducing the topic of this text.

3.Because they think that their children are tender and not strong, and that parents should protect their children's self-esteem and protect them against the feeling of failure.

4.They may worry about their child privately, but they will never blame their child.

5.Because they take it for granted that their child can get them, and grades are a more important measure of success than \"self-esteem\".

6.The reason for this isn't clear. Probably, it is because the Confucian doctrine of loyalty has great impact on the views of Chinese people. The reason might also be that Chinese parents have sacrificed so much for their children.

7.No. Unlike Chinese parents, Western parents think that children are not born because they want to come to this world. Instead, their parents force life on them. Consequently, their parents should take on the responsibility of raising them. Children don't owe their parents anything and they only need to be responsible for their own kids.

8.Though Western parents try to respect their children's individuality and provide a positive and nurturing environment for them, the author is not optimistic about the effectiveness. On the contrary, the author thinks that Chinese parenting is more effective because Chinese parents equip their children with skills, work habits and inner confidence for success in the future.

Reading comprehensive——Critical thinking

1.• From the standpoint of a child, I prefer Western parents' parenting method because there are a lot of advantages. Western parents provide enough space for their children's development so that they can grow happily and become healthy, creative, open-minded, and independent. What parents should do is to teach their children based on their own characteristics.

• I like Chinese parents' parenting method. Chinese parents seem to be too strict with their kids, but their method proves to be more practical and effective than the one adopted by Western parents. Children brought up by Chinese parents obviously are more likely to succeed in their study and career.

2.I think that Chinese parents' parenting methodology is greatly affected by Confucius' education philosophy. In Confucian culture, children have to accept all advice and demands from parents without questioning. Parents are authoritative and require obedience and submissiveness from their children. Children are shown how to behave and are expected to follow suit (照着做). Therefore, children develop a habit of passively accepting knowledge, and a tendency to view things

uncritically. On the other hand, there are also some positive aspects inherited from Confucian culture. For example, it encourages knowledge and spiritual growth. It also encourages politeness, respect and kindness, preaching humaneness toward others.

3.Yes, when they forced me to learn the Chinese calligraphy which I used to dislike most. They were very strict with me and sometimes physically punished me because of my lack of self-discipline. As I have grown up, I feel that what they did for me was all for my good because Chinese calligraphy enables me to better appreciate traditional culture and helps me foster patience and persistence. What I was forced to do proved to be worthy of my efforts. Now I am forever grateful for their guidance.

Language focus——Words in use

1.indignation 2.provocative 3.militant 4.overlap 5.conferring 6.defiance 7.hesitant 8.milestone 9.cradled 10.preaching

Language focus——Word Building：practice 1

1.manhood 6.assassination 11.exhaustion

2.motherhood 7.circulation

3.calculation 4.complication 9.accusation

5.imitation 10.defection

8.accommodate

Language focus——Word Building：practice 2

1.circulation 2.accusation 3.accommodate 4.defection 5.manhood 6.imitation 7.complication 8.exhaustion 9.assassination 10.calculations 11.motherhood

Language focus——Banked cloze

1.automatic 2.charge 3.presumption 4.attached 5.handy 6.confer 7.contact 8.bounce 9.tumble 10.intellect

Language focus——Expressions in use

1.at their disposal 2.insulate him from 3.irrespective of 4.has a high opinion of 5.has authority over 6.for your part 7.get away with 8.dispense with 9.provide for 10.tiptoeing around

Structure analysis and writing ——Structure writing——Practice

According to the statistics, of all the people who died in traffic crashes last year, more than 30 percent of them died in traffic accidents related to drunk driving. Many experts believe that a possible solution to this problem is imprisonment on the first drunk driving offense, while some people would think such a punishment is too harsh. I am firmly convinced that this is an effective measure to prevent further killing on the roads.

First of all, imprisoning drunk drivers on their first offense can save thousands of lives of innocent people. Generally, drunk drivers cannot effectively control their

vehicles in a normal way, which often results in road accidents, injuries and deaths. They are not only endangering themselves, but also putting thousands of innocent people in a fatal situation. That is a serious crime, to be honest. Therefore, to save more innocent people from the possibility of being killed or injured, drunk drivers should be imprisoned on their first offense.

Secondly, imprisoning drunk drivers on their first offense can prevent drunk drivers from committing the crime again. As shown in a study, many people who drink and drive have done it eight times before their first arrest, and some even more. If they were imprisoned on their first offense, they would have to live with shame. As a result, they would not make the same mistake over and over again.

Finally, imprisoning drunk drivers on their first offense will discourage others from drunk driving. If one person is put in jail due to drunk driving, it will also be a big shock for those who are likely to do the same. The person who has been imprisoned may persuade others that it is simply not worth doing such a stupid thing by taking himself or herself as an example. Therefore, a harsher punishment, such as imprisonment on the first offense, will stop more people from committing the crime and in return save more lives from the tragedies.\\r\\nTo sum up, drunk driving is a serious crime but it is completely preventable. If a harsher punishment is employed, people would think twice before they intend to drive drunk, and the rates of road accidents could be lowered significantly.\\r\\n

Reading skills——Practice

Para 1: In the days / since the newspaper published the column / by the Chinese mother, / I have thought of what I would say to her / if I met her. / I might point out, / as others have, / that Asian-American girls aged 15 to 24 / have above average rates of suicide and eating disorders. / I might question the arrogance of / ascribing her child's success / to the Chinese child-rearing techniques of criticism and name-calling / when it could just as likely have resulted from / genetic or economic blessings. / But I have a feeling / that she knows that.

Para 2: I have a feeling / when Chinese children are underdeveloped / or suffer from learning disabilities like Rosie's, / their parents channel their admirable passion into finding a solution / that works. / They are just as dogged and determined, / but in an entirely different way. / In some scenarios / roaring like a tiger / turns children into pianists / who debut at Carnegie Hall, / but in others / it only limits, constricts, and reins them in. / Positive enthusiasm gives some the excuse to fail / and others the chance to succeed. / Wherever we reside on our big green, blue planet, / Chinese mothers and I both understand / that our job as mothers / is to be the type of tigress / that each of our different children needs.

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