表时间顺序的连接词：the moment, as soon as, at first, then, later, meanwhile, at the beginning, in the end, before long, for the first（second…）time, the minute等。 ②
表因果关系或对等关系的连接词：therefore, so, as a result, as the result of …，because of, due to …,owing to, thanks to等。 ③
表转折关系的连接词：yet, and yet, but , while, on the contrary, on the other hand, however, at the same time（然而）等。 区分
1. before long 的意思是“不久，很快”。如： I’ll be back before long. 不久我就回来。 Before long he got married. 不久他就结婚了。
2. long before有两个用法：
(1) 老早，早就(单独使用，表示比过去某时早得多的时间)。如：
She had left long before. 她老早就离开了。
That had happened long before. 那事老早就发生了。 注：long ago 表示“很久以前”， 指的是从现在算起的很久以前，通常与一般过去时连用：
I met him long ago. 我很久以前就认识他了。
(2) 在……的很久以前，在还没有……的很久以前。如： She had left long before his return [he returned]. 在他回来的很久以前她就走了。
He had worked in the factory long before he got married. 在他还没有结婚的很久以前他就在这家工厂工作了。 注：此时的主句谓语通常用过去完成时，但有时也可用一般过去时(因为 before 已体现了动作的先后关系)。如： This happened long before you were born. 这事在你还没出生以前很久就发生了。 作文
一、由while引导的状语从句
1、Different people have different views on opportunity. Some people think that there are few opportunities in the world, while others argue that everybody will have some kind of opportunity along his life route.
2、When it comes to traveling, some of people will choose to go on a self-tour while others want to go on a package tour.
二、Those who„句型
1、Those who are in favor of the Internet claim that it has a lot of advantages.
2、Those who are opposed to the Internet hold that disadvantages are many. 三、倒装句
1、Only when all of us join in the efforts of eliminating cheating at all levels can we expect to have a cleaner society and a more beautiful future.
2、Only if we get prepared can we seize the opportunities instead of letting them slip by, just as the saying goes, “Opportunities are only for the prepared minds”. 3、Only by planning his time carefully can he improve efficiency and make achievements.
4、Only in this way can we master the writing skills step by step.
四、条件状语从句
1、He will make the right choice if he knows his goal in life and how to make decisions according to the goal. 2、„so long as we can make use of it properly, it can be most helpful for us in many aspects. 五、强调句
1、First of all, the main financial support comes from parents and other family members. For all the years it is they who give the student courage and determination to hold on and excel.
2、It is not the years in your life, but the life in your years that counts. 六、反问句
1、Now that we can draw the conclusion that daydreaming is most beneficial, why not make good use of it to make life rich
七、结果状语从句
1、First and foremost, the overall planners have to come up with an overall development scheme so that all the later projects can be fitted into it under coherent consideration.
2、Just think of Deng Xiaoping, who had three rises and three falls in life – which fortune teller is so magical that he can tell such complicated life experiences?
3、Failure is such a common matter that every one of us may meet it from time to time.
八、让步状语从句
1、Although we cannot say that it brings no unfavorable consequences, we can be sure to conclude that this practice is favorable on the whole.
2、To begin with, although you may feel anxious to finish the work when the deadline is drawing near, it doesn’t mean you can finish your job with high quality. 3、What’s more, many students lack self-control to such an extent that they chat for long hours even if they
know it is harmful to both their mental and physical health.
4、No matter how responsible the teachers are and how friendly the classmates are, you can only depend on yourself once you step into the examination room. 5、For another, if a person is diligent and perseverant, he will realize his dream no matter how poor, humble or unlucky he may be.
九、Not(never)„until„
1、For one thing, we can never wish people to be good to us until we become thoughtful and considerate. 2、We can never wish to realize our dream of a cleaner and more beautiful environment until all of us take actions to build, protect and take care of it. 3、How can anybody expect to lead a meaningful life until he is far from any kind of cheating behaviors? 4、Other people view repeated failures as most natural on the way towards achievement – they will keep on trying until they succeed in the end.
5、Until quite recently most people hold a hostile
attitude towards taking a rest at noon.
十、Although (it is true) that„, it doesn’t mean (follow) that„
1、To begin with, although you may feel anxious to finish the work when the deadline is drawing near, it doesn’t mean you can finish your job with high quality.
十一、There is no such thing as„
1、Taking all these factors into consideration, we may safely come to the conclusion that there is no such thing as destined fate in our life.
十二、双重否定
1、You can never be too good to your mother. 2、Last but by no means the least, students can never fail to find peers with the same interest, which enable them to explore a special field together.
3、Similarly, you can never write a good research paper
unless you concentrate on what you are doingand have a right attitude towards failure.
4、For one thing, we can never wish people to be good to us until we become thoughtful and considerate.
1. It作先行主语和先行宾语的一些句型
She had said what it was necessary to say.
2. 强调句型
It is not who rules us that is important, but how he rules us.
3. \"All+抽象名词\"或\"抽象名词+itself\"(very+形容词)
He was all gentleness to her.
4. 利用词汇重复表示强调
A crime is a crime a crime.
5. \"something(much)of\"和\"nothing(little)of\"
\"something of\"相当于\"to some extent\"，表示程度。在疑问句或条件从句中，则为\"anything of\"，可译为\"有点\"，\"略微等。\"\"译为毫无\"，\"全无\"。\"much of\"译为\"大有\"，\"not much of\"可译为\"算不上\"，\"称不上\"，\"little of\"可译为\"几乎无\"。something like译为\"有点像，略似。\"
They say that he had no university education, but he seems to be something of a scholar.
6. 同格名词修饰是指of前后的两个名词都指同一个人或物，\"of\"以及它前面的名词构一个形容词短语，以修饰\"of\"后面的那个名词。如\"her old sharper of a father\"，可译为：\"她那骗子般的父亲\"。
Those pigs of girls eat so much.
7. as…as…can(may)be
It is as plain as plain can be.
8. \"It is in(with)…as in(with)\"
It is in life as in a journey.
9. \"as good as…\"相等于，就像，几乎如；实际上，其实，实在。
The merchant as good as promised the orphan boy, that he would adopt him.
10.\"many as well…as\"和\"might as well …as\" \"many
as well…as\"可译为\"与其……，不如……，更好\"，\"以这样做……为宜\"，\"如同……，也可以……\"等等。\"might as well…as\"表示不可能的事，可译为\"犹如……\"，\"可与……一样荒唐\"，\"与其那样不如这样的好\"等等。
One may as well not know a thing at all as know it imperfectly.
11.\"to make…of\"的译法(使……成为……，把……当作)
I will make a scientist of my son.
12. oo…+不定式\"，not(never)too…+不定式\"，\"too…not+不定式
She is too angry to speak.
13. only(not, all, but, never) too …to do so 和\"too ready (apt) + to do\"结构中，不定式也没有否定意义，凡是\"not\"，\"all\"\"but等字后+\"too…to，\"不定式都失去了否定意义，在\"too ready(apt) +to do\"结构中，不定式也没有否定意义。
You know but too yell to hold your tongue.
14. \"no more …than…\"句型
A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man.
15. \"not so much…as\"和\"not so much as …\"结构，\"not so much…as\"=\"not so much as …\"，其中as有进可换用but rather，可译为：\"与其说是……毋须说是……\"。而\"not so much as\"=\"without(not)even，\"可译为\"甚至……还没有\"。
The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.
16. \"Nothing is more…than\"和\"Nothing is so …as\"结构，\"Nothing is more…than\"和\"Nothing is so …as\"都具有最高级比较的意思，\"Nothing I\"可换用\"no\"，\"nobody\"，\"nowhere\"，\"little\"，\"few\"，\"hardly\"，\"scarcely\"等等，可译为\"没有……比……更为\"，\"像……再没有了\"，\"最……\"等。
Nothing is more precious than time.
17. \"cannot…too…\"结构,\"cannot…too…\"意为\"It is impossible to overdo…\"或者，即\"无论怎样……也不算过分\"。\"not\"可换用\"hardly\"，\"scarcely\"等，\"too\"可换用\"enough\"，\"sufficient\"等。
You cannot be too careful.
18. \"否定+but \"结构，在否定词后面的\"but\"，具有\"which not\"，\"who not\"，\"that not\"，等等否定意义，构成前后的双重否定。可译成\"没有……不是\"或\"……都……\"等。
Nothing is so bad but it might have been worse.
19. \"否定+until (till)\"结构，在否定词\"no\"，\"not\"，\"never\"，\"little\"，\"few\"，\"seldom\"等的后边所接用的 \"until/ till\"，多数情况下译为\"直到……才……\"，\"要……才……\"，把否定译为肯定。
Nobody knows what he can do till he has tried.
20. \"not so…but\"和\"not such a …but\"结构，这两个结构和\"否定+but\"的结构差不多，不同之点是这两个结构中的\"but\"是含有\"that…not\"意味的连续词，表示程度。可译为\"还没有……到不能做……的程度\"，\"并不是……不……\"，\"无论怎样……也不是不能……\"等。
He is not so sick but he can come to school.
21. \"疑问词+should…but\"结构，这个结构表示过去的意外的事，意为\"none…but\"，可译为\"除了……还有谁会……\"，\"岂料\"，\"想不到……竟是……\"等。
Who should write it but himself?
22. \"who knows but (that)…\"和\"who could should…but\"结构，这个结构是反问形式，一般意译为\"多半\"，\"亦未可知\"等等，有时也可直译。
Who knows but (that) he may go?
23. \"祈使句+and\"和\"祈使句+or\"结构，\"祈使句+and\"表示\"If…you…\"，\"祈使名+or\"表示\"if…not…，you。
24. \"名词+and\"结构，在这个结构中，名词等于状语从句，或表示条件，或表示时间。
A word and he would lose his temper.
25. \"as…,so…\"结构，这里的\"so\"的意思是\"in the same way\"(也是如此)。此结构表明两个概念在程度上和关系上相似。
As rust eats iron, so care eats the heart.
介词
早、午、晚要用in，at黎明、午夜、点与分。
年、月、年月、季节、周，阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in。 将来时态in...以后，小处at大处in。 有形with无形by，语言、单位、材料in。 特征、方面与方式，心情成语惯用in。 介词at和to表方向，攻击、位置、恶、善分。 日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早、午、晚， 收音、农场、值日on，关于、基础、靠、著论。 着、罢、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付、相反，准。 特定时日和\"一……就\"，on后常接动名词。 年、月、日加早、午、晚，of之前on代in。 步行、驴、马、玩笑on，cab，carriage则用in。 at山脚、门口、在当前，速、温、日落、价、核心。 工具、和、同随with，具有、独立、就、原因。 就……来说宾译主，对、有、方状、表细分。
海、陆、空、车、偶、被by，单数、人类know to man。 this、that、tomorrow，yesterday，next、last、one。
接年、月、季、星期、周，介词省略已习惯。 over、under正上下，above、below则不然， 若与数量词连用，混合使用亦无关。'
beyond超出、无、不能，against靠着，对与反。 besides，except分内外，among之内along沿。 同类比较except，加for异类记心间。
原状because of,、 owing to、 due to表语形容词 under后接修、建中，of、from物、化分。 before、after表一点, ago、later表一段。 before能接完成时，ago过去极有限。 since以来during间，since时态多变换。 与之相比beside，除了last but one。
复不定for、找、价、原，对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。 快到、对、向towards，工、学、军、城、北、上、南。 but for否定用虚拟，复合介词待后言。 ing型由于鉴，除了除外与包合。
之后、关于、在......方面，有关介词须记全。 in内to外表位置，山、水、国界to在前。
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