套路模块一:“提纲作文”模块
引言/现象/问题 + 根源/观点/途径+评论/意见/态度
本模块的统一提纲模式是: 第一段:引言。对现状、形势或社会问题的描述； 第二段:剖析。根源/途径/不同人对上述问题的观点。以因果格式引起段落，而后列举原因、途径、不同人的观点看法或问题解决的种种方法； 第三段:结论：考生评论/意见/态度。陈述考生自己对第二段提出的问题根源、他人观点或解决方法的简要评价、选择、态度或建议。略述个人评价、选择或建议的依据。
“观点”模块
People's views/ideas/opinions on... vary from person to person. Some people think that... They hold this opinion because.… However, others hold that...
As to me, I am in favor of the first/second idea. The following are the reasons of / for my choice/personal attitude.
First, while it is true that..., it doesn' t mean that... Besides,... It is true that..., but this is not to say that... Therefore/In a word, ...
My View on Developing Private Cars
People's views on private cars vary from person to person. Some people think that it is an inevitable tendency to develop private cars. They hold this opinion because private cars are popular in advanced countries. In their opinion, China will also be an advanced country and Chinese people should have private cars. However, others hold that
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we should not follow the example of foreign countries and should not develop private cars at the expense of the environment.
As to me, I am in favor of the second idea. The following are the reasons for my personal preference. First, while it is true that most people have private cars in advanced countries, it doesn't mean that we should also have private cars when we are rich. We should be environment-conscious and should make full use of public transport. Besides, our country is still a developing country and some frontier and inland areas are still very poor and backward. We should develop these areas first.
Admittedly, some rich people can have private cars before others can, but this is not to say that private cars should be popularized and that every family should own a car.
“利弊”模块
Nowadays, ... play(s) an important part/role in... (is/are popular around us). Like everything else, ... has/have both favorable and unfavorable aspects. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.
First, ... Besides,... Most important of all, ...
But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. To begin with, ... . To make matters worse… . And worst of all,... .
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Through above analysis, I believe that the advantages/positive aspects outweigh the disadvantages/ negative ones. Therefore, ...
On Computers
Nowadays, computers are very popular around us. Like everything else, computers have both favorable and unfavorable aspects. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.
First, computers can calculate. They can make work more efficient for they have a high speed of calculation. Besides, people can communicate with each other by E-mail, which costs people less money and less time. Most important of all, computers create wide communication around the world. People can communicate with each other by joining Internet. They can make friends all over the world. But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. To begin with, since computers can do a lot of work for us, we may rely too much on them and become lazy. To make matters worse, although it is convenient to communicate by E-mail, people will have fewer opportunities to talk to each other face to face and their relationship may fade away. Worst of all, computers will have virus that may cause a lot of important information to be lost. Through above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects out-weigh the negative aspects. Therefore, I believe, computers will
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have a bright future.
“如何”模块
Nowadays, whenever we …, we will …. It is a real headache to every one of us. And we must take some steps to solve /do something about the …problem.
Many ways can contribute to solving this serious problem, but the following ones may be most effective. First of all,... Besides, /Another way to solve the problem of.. is... Finally, ...
These are not the best and the only measures we can take. But it should be realized/recognized that it is our duty to take strong actions to put an end to it.
How to Solve the Problem of Heavy Traffic
Nowadays, whenever we go, we will be caught in a traffic jam. It is a real headache to every one of us. And we must take some steps to solve the traffic problem.
Many ways can contribute to solving this serious problem, but the following ones may be most effective. First of all, roads should be broadened to speed up the flow of heavy traffic. Another way to solve the problem of heavy traffic is to open up more bus routes to reduce
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bicycles and automobiles. Finally, more underground passages should be developed so that people needn’t all crowd onto the streets. These are not the best and the only measures we can take. But it should be recognized that it is our duty to take strong actions to put an end to it.
“选择/A or B” 模块
When we/you..., we/you will be faced with the choice between A and B. Before making the right choice, we/you had better make a close comparison and contrast of them.
First of all, A... Also, B ... Second, A ... Likewise, B ... Despite their similarities, A and B are also different in the following aspects. First, A ... However, B... Besides, A... On the contrary, B...
Therefore, it depends which... we/you should choose. If we/ you... , we/you should choose A; but if we/you..., we/you should turn to B.
Investing in Saving or in Insurance
When you invest, you will be faced with the choice between saving in the bank and buying insurance. Before making the right choice, you had better make a close comparison and contrast of them.
First of all, you can get interest by saving in the bank. You can also
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get interest by buying insurance. Second, it is safe to save in the bank. Likewise, insurance is also a safe investment. Despite their similarities, saving in the bank and buying insurance are also different in the following aspects.
First of all, you can get a higher interest by saving in the bank but you can never be insured against casualties. However, though interest for insurance is lower, buying insurance you can be insured against casualties. Besides, the term of deposit is at most five years. On the contrary, the term of insurance can be as long as your life and its long-term interest will be enough to ensure your life after retirement. Therefore, it depends whether you want a short-term reward or a long-term reward. If you want a short-term reward, you should save in the bank; but if you want a long-term reward, you should buy insurance.
“原因/Why”模块
... There are many reasons / causes for..., but in general, they come down to three major ones. For one thing, ... . For another, ... . Perhaps the prime reason / cause is that... .
As a result, ... . What makes things worse,… . Therefore, Therefore, more effective measures should be taken to put and end to it.
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Why Smuggling Cannot be Done away with?
Although our country is cracking down on smuggling with great determination, smuggling cannot be totally wiped out. It is still running wild. Cars, computers, TV sets, etc. are continually smuggled into our country by sea. There are many reasons for this phenomenon, but in general, they come down to three major ones.
For one thing, smugglers are attracted by high profit to take risks. For another, the coastline is very long but there are few coast guards. And so in most cases they can get away with it. Perhaps the prime reason is that sometimes smugglers will bribe some customs officers and local government officials so that smuggled goods can go through the frontier inspection stations safe and sound.
As a result, much cheaper smuggled goods drive the domestic goods out of market and disturb our national economy. And what makes things worse, some factories have to shut down because they cannot have their products sold. Therefore, more effective measures should be taken to prevent smuggling.
套路模块二—“图表”模块 图表描述+深层次原因+结论
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本模块的统一提纲模式是： 第一段:图表描述。概要描述图表所揭示的某种社会现象的变化发展情况，注意尽可能少地 直接引用图表数据，要将图表数据进行分析，归纳后进行概括性综述； 第二段:原因或根源。阐述导致该社会现象或发展变化的深层次原因； 第三段:结论或评述。对该社会现象发展变化进行理性预测或利弊评述，也可阐述本人的看 法或观点。 总之，图表作文要求考生首先看懂图表在展示的内容。特别要看清图表中发展趋势，线条起伏，变化 Model
Graph Writing
According to the table/curve graph / bar chart / pie chart), it is obvious that[或As indicated by the figures (data) given in the picture(graph),] X fell/rose significantly (greatly/ sharply/ noticeably// climbed) from （数字）in （时间）to （数字）in （时间）. It can also be seen that there was a sharp (great) decline (rise) from （数字）in （时间）to （数字）in （时间） [或by （数字）during the same period].
What has brought about the development? {或Several causes/reasons contribute to the development [change/rise/fall] shown in the graph.} First,… Besides,….And finally,…
But there are also some problems/advantages underlying/behind
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this development/change, and … is one of them. Therefore, whether this trend is a blessing or a curse in the long run, only time can tell.
Health Gained in Developing Countries
As indicated by the figures /data) given in the graph, life expectancy in developing countries has climbed from about 40 to around 60 from 1960’s to 1990’s. It can also be seen that there was a sharp decline in the infant mortality by 15%(,from 250 deaths per 1000 births to about 100 deaths per 1000) during the same period.
Several reasons contribute to the development /change shown in the graph. First, the rapid advance in medical science has made it possible to cure a lot of originally deadly diseases and save the life of millions of babies who might well have been died before their birth. Besides, as a result of the general improvement of living standard, people are no longer satisfied with a full stomach and warm clothing. They are interested in healthy foods and are doing a lot of physical exercises. Finally, the rapid development of science and technology at large have minimized the damages caused by floods, earthquakes and other natural disasters where mothers and children suffer most.
But there are also some problems underlying/behind this change, and the world’s more and more serious population explosion is one of them. Therefore, whether this trend is a blessing or a curse in the long run,
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only time can tell.(200)
Changes in People’s Diet
1) state the changes in people’s diet in the past five years 2) give possible reasons for the change 3) draw your own conclusion
You Should quote as few figures as possible. Year Food Grain Milk Meat Fruit and Vegetable Total 1986 49% 10% 17% 24% 100% 1987 47% 11% 20% 22% 100% 1988 46.5% 12% 22.5% 20% 100% 1989 45% 12% 23% 20% 100% 1990 45% 13% 21% 21% 100% In the past five years ,many changes have taken place in people’s diet. The proportion of grain , which is the main food of Chinese people, has decreased by 4 percent. On the contrary , the proportion of milk and meat in people’s diet has increased .
These changes in people’s diet shoe some modifications in people’s living standard and life style. Since China began her economic reform in 1978, various kinds of food have appeared in the market. Milk and meat , which were seldom seen on people’s dinner tables before, have now become popular food in Chinese families.
As the living standard of the Chinese people is rising, we look
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forward to further changes in people’s diet. In the future, the proportion of milk and meat is likely to go on increasing and the proportion of fruit and vegetable s is likely to increase as well.
套路模块三……书信模块 “格式文体：信头+正文+信尾”
本模块的统一提纲模式是： 信头 第一段：问候、提出写信目的或自我介绍、引出话题； 第二段：阐述上面所提及的问题； 第三段：补充话题或提出问题解决的方案，结束语。 信尾
A Letter Writing
Dear Mr. … ,
My name is … . I am a third-year student in ….. As (原因), I venture to write to you about … which has given rise to frequent complaint/excitement/interest among students.
The reasons of the complaint/excitement/interest are as follows.
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The …. And the …. Moreover, the …. Finally, the …. As a result, …. Honestly speaking, the …,. And there is another thing I’d put a good word for … . But (… . In a word/Naturally,) there is still much room for improvement in the way of the…. We honestly hope that you could do something about it so that …. Best regards.
Sincerely Yours,
A Letter to the University President About the Canteen Service Dear Mr. President,（事务信称呼后总用冒号Dear Sir or Madam: ）
My name is Li Ming. I am a third-year student in business school. As I’ve heard of a lot of complaint from my classmates, I venture to write to you about the canteen service on campus which has given rise to frequent protests.
The causes of the complaint are as follows. Besides being poor in quality, the food is unreasonably expensive. And the vegetables are sometimes so overcooked as to lose their taste (and maybe nutrients too). Moreover, the fish and meat are often not fresh. Finally, the service workers are not at all friendly to us students. As a result, many of us go out to outside restaurants or snack bars to have meals so as to
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keep our body and soul together.
Honestly speaking, the dining room setting has been improved, with the wall painted and some pictures posted up. And there is another thing I’d put a good word for is the free soup available most of the time. But (with the number of students increased greatly last year, there are no longer enough seats for all of us. In a word,) there is still much room for improvement in the way of the canteen service. We honestly hope that you could do something about it so that we will not suffer for the remaining days we are here. Best regards.
Sincerely yours,
Truly yours,
Faithfully yours,
写一封申请到Boston University学习并获得博士学位的求学信。在信中谈自己的主要学习情况（包括学习和工作经历），提出入学时间及要求经济资助等。
Dear Sirs:
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I would like to begin my study at Boston University in fall,2004. Now I’m writing to you
to apply for admission to the department of Astronomy for Ph.D program..
I graduated from Qing Hua University in 1994, specializing in Space Physics , when I obtained bachelor degree of science and got A’s in all the main subjects in my four years’ study. Later I completed a 3-year-graduate course with straight A’s and received Master Degree of Science in the same university. Now I’m working in Chinese Science Academy and have had eight papers in astronomy published.
I should be very grateful if you forward to me the necessary application forms, a financial aid form and other related information. Thank you for paying attention.
Sincerely Yours
A Letter to a High School Teacher
November 23,2003 Dear Mr. Zhang,
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How are you ! I’m writing to you from Tianjin. It snowed a …………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………..Yours sincerely
Wang Junyan
2.A letter of Congratulations
1） 获悉你考入牛津大学，攻读英语硕士研究生，特此祝贺。 2） 你的成功十分难得，你才出众，为国增了光。 3） 让我再次向你表示祝贺。 A Letter of Congratulation.
Nanjing ,China November 5,2003 Mr. Wang Xiao Sample:
A Letter to the University President About the Canteen Service
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Dear Mr. President,
My name is Li Ming. I am a third-year student in business school. As I’ve heard of a lot of complaint from my classmates, I venture to write to you about the canteen service on campus which has given rise to frequent protests.
The causes of the complaint are as follows. Besides being poor in quality, the food is unreasonably expensive. And the vegetables are sometimes so overcooked as to lose their taste (and maybe nutrients too). Moreover, the fish and meat are often not fresh. Finally, the service workers are not at all friendly to us students. As a result, many of us go out to outside restaurants or snack bars to have meals so as to keep our body and soul together.
Honestly speaking, the dining room setting has been improved, with the wall painted and some pictures posted up. And there is another thing I’d put a good word for is the free soup available most of the time. But (with the number of students increased greatly last year, there are no longer enough seats for all of us. In a word,) there is still much room for improvement in the way of the canteen service. We honestly hope that you could do something about it so that we will not suffer for the remaining days we are here. Best regards.
Sincerely Yours
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