食用小指南，尽情享用：建议用电脑或者手机端Wps打开，标注较多，直接打开无法显示。 根据题型汇总题目。包含4篇精读。
加粗重点看，其中选项中加粗的为正确选项。 红色是关键，蓝色是定位，黄色是观点。
~一起分享，共同进步~时间紧促，如有错误，敬请谅解。
正反选项特征
1正反混淆 2偷换概念 3答非所问
4不同内容的嫁接（逻辑错误） Lest 表示因果关系00.Text5.t69 Should 表示相反00.Text5.t70
5非最佳答案（与中心不统一） 6绝对化用词（最高级）
正确答案特征
1同义改写
干扰选项，主动偷换被动
2与中心思想密切相关3语气缓和（may ） 在infer 题目里只要选项里有may100%正确
标点符号的作用：
逗号，两个逗号之外是主干，一个逗号之后不是主干！ 00-Text1-2， 96-T5-1,06-T2 冒号，解释前面的内容
97-T3-t60We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of
substances (drugs) is pervasive: (=)an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. When do these socially…..
60. The word “pervasive” (Line 1, Paragraph 2) might mean ________. [A] widespread [B] overwhelming [C] piercing [D] fashionable
07-T4-t36-para1 It never rains but it pours. Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them –
.
.
especially in America – the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: (=) data insecurity. Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in businesses of every variety.
36. The statement “It never rains but it pours” is used to introduce
[A] the fierce business competition. [B] the feeble boss-board relations. [C] the threat from news reports. [D] the severity of data leakage.
分号，前后为并列关系，画等号
03-T4-Para2
Death is normal;(=) we are genetically programmed to
disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved.
97-T5-Para3It is also less than most forecasters had predicted. In late 1994
the panel of economists which The Economist polls each month said that America’s inflation rate would average 3.5% in 1995. In fact, it fell to 2.6% in August, and is expected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole. In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year. This is no flash in the pan;(=) over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.
例证题(蓝色表示定位，黄色是观点)
标志：example case illustrate demonstrate to show 例子本身不重要，例子前后观点最重要！干扰选项就是例子本身
99.T5.t67 Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares
than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments. Sir Isaac Newton supposedly discovered gravity through the fall of an apple. Apples had been falling in many places for centuries and thousands of people had seen them fall. But Newton for years had been curious about the cause of the orbital motion of the moon and planets. What kept them in place? Why didn’t they fall out of the sky? The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree answered the question he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets.
. The author wants to prove with the example of Isaac Newton that ________. [A] inquiring minds are more important than scientific experiments [B] science advances when fruitful researches are conducted [C] scientists seldom forget the essential nature of research
[D] unpredictability weighs less than prediction in scientific research
01.T2.t57 To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have
.
.
to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure (the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn’t have the capital to do so. And that is why America’s Second Wave infrastructure -- including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on -- were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain’s former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans.
57. The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of ________.
[A] providing financial support overseas [B] preventing foreign capital’s control
[C] building industrial infrastructure [D] accepting foreign investment
00.T2.t56 Where is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but
have fewer children. Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communities, very few women have 15 children. Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished. India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. The grand mediocrity of today -- everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring -- means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes 56 What does the example of India illustrate?
[A] Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people. [B] Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor.
[C] The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of the tribes.
[D] India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate.
03.Text2.t46To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is
needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.” One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates（情态动词表示作者观点）, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal
46. The author begins his article with Edmund Burke’s words to ________. [A] call on scientists to take some actions
.
.
[B] criticize the misguided cause of animal rights [C] warn of the doom of biomedical research
[D] show the triumph of the animal rights movement
For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals—no meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, “Then I would have to say yes.” Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, “Don’t worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.” Such well-meaning people just don’t understand
t48 48. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public’s ________.
[A] discontent with animal research
[B] ignorance about medical science（ignorance~don’t understand~反复出现） [C] indifference to epidemics [D] anxiety about animal rights
06T01t4 例子A yet观点B(AB相反)
Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks,(A) yet(B) “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”
(B:移民对国家的同化力量免疫=国家的同化力量弱（Yet，说明应该与A事实相反）倒推A:（国家力量强大）=选项D)
24. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5? [A] To prove their popularity around the world. [B] To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants. [C] To give examples of successful immigrants.
[D] To show the powerful influence of American culture. 08T04t36 In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington, 52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw – having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves. That’s a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books（A） 。But （B）recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation.。。。。。
36. George Washington’s dental surgery is mentioned to
[A] show the primitive medical practice in the past.（无中生有）
[B] demonstrate the cruelty of slavery in his days.（例子本身不是重点） [C] stress the role of slaves in the U.S. history.
(来自but后面的内容即B，与A意思相反，而A与第一段才属于一个意群。) [D] reveal some unknown aspect of his life.
（para2第一句Far different:与承认自己砍了樱桃树的诚实的乔治的例子截然不同）
.
.
作者观点态度
情态动词＝作者态度
03.02.t49
Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a
compassionate, understandable way -- in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother’s hip replacement, a father’s bypass operation, a baby’s vaccinations, and even a pet’s shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.
49. The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should ________.
[A] communicate more with the public [B] employ hi-tech means in research [C] feel no shame for their cause [D] strive to develop new cures 引用名人名言＝作者观点
.
.
2000TEXT5
1 If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition -- wealth, distinction, control over one’s destiny -- must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition’s behalf（为了表达）. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. In an odd way, however, it is the educated（who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal（定语从句））. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition -- if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. There is heavy note of hypocrisy（虚伪的！不认识的背单词去~） in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped -- with the educated themselves riding on them.（这个例子简直就是虚伪本身啊！所以68答案出来啦=不诚实）
2 Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs -- the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest（连词，以免，表因果关系） they be thought（被动！被认为！是。。。） pushing（有进取心的）, acquisitive （贪得无厌的）and vulgar（世俗的）. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, “Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.”
3 The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings （刺激）and promptings（促进）, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed. Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or made sly（正确选项应该与之相反）. Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life.
（拿到文章先看选项，串联成线索，由2000-text5 为例，通读题干中心词ambition野心，而且有些人不愿意表达自己的野心）
.
.
67. It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if ________. [A] its returns well compensate for the sacrifices（这些补偿包含了物质权利等。。）
[B] it is rewarded with money, fame and power（片面）
[C] its goals are spiritual rather than material（选项本身错误，有物质财富）
[D] it is shared by the rich and the famous
68. The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is ________. [A] customary of the educated to discard ambition in words [B] too late to check ambition once it has been let out
[C] dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal（=hypocritical）
[D] impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition
69. Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because ________.（因果逻辑关系）
[A] they think of it as immoral（原文be thought 主被动混淆） [B] their pursuits are not fame or wealth
[C] ambition is not closely related to material benefits
[D] they do not want to appear greedy 贪婪的and contemptible受鄙视的（同义替换）
70. From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained ________.（should表示相反，所以是“应该”）
[A] secretly and vigorously（=driven underground, or made sly） AB选项意思相反 [B] openly and enthusiastically公开地，满腔热情地
（注意情态动词 [C] easily and momentarily
的使用） [D] verbally and spiritually
.
.
2004TEXT2
1 Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.
2 It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoë Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.
3 Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush’s predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrétien and Koizumi). The world’s three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world’s five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).
4 Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.
5 The humiliation continues.（=discrimination歧视） At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.
.
.
46. What does the author intend to illustrate with AAA A cars and Zodiac cars?
[A] A kind of overlooked inequality.(与unaware of同义替换 ) [B] A type of conspicuous（显而易见的） bias. [C] A type of personal prejudice. [D] A kind of brand discrimination.
47. What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?（infer推理题） [A] In both East and West, names are essential to success. [B] The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoë Zysman.
[C] Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies’ names.
[D] Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.（与t46相似） 48. The 4th paragraph suggests that ________.
[A] questions are often put to the more intelligent students（无中生有） [B] alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from class（未提及逃课）
干扰来自：. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape.
[C] teachers should pay attention to all of their students（情态动词should=作者观点）
来自：“ Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly”.
[D] students should be seated according to their eyesight（无中生有）
49. What does the author mean by “most people are literally having a ZZZ” (Lines 2-3, Paragraph 5)?
AB都可以选择，b更优，
选项是比较出来的。 [A] They are getting impatient. [B] They are noisily dozing off.（打瞌睡） [C] They are feeling humiliated.（羞辱的） [D] They are busy with word puzzles.
50. Which of the following is true according to the text?
[A] People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.（虐待！去背单词）
[B] VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism（字母主义）
（本文说的是在字母表中处于劣势的人的不好和不公平，而不是优势者的好）
[C] The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go. (文章没有谈及消除，切勿过度推理，带着主观的思想看文章。)
[D] Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias（不自觉的偏见）.
（1，选项里有may。2，alphabetically中心词反复出现 3，unintentional在文章中有多处同义替换 ）
.
.
中心思想题
1 串线法
各个段落首尾相连=中心思想2011Text2t30 串联题干即可 2009text2 t30 2 中心句
文章开头是问句，那么回答则是中心（设问句）2001Text3t59 2010Text2t30
2011T2 (串线法) Para1 When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up
Para2 McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect
on what kind of company he wanted to run.
Para3 As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may
be more willing to make the jump without a net
Para4 The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is
unconventional
Para5 Those who jumped without a job haven’t always landed in top positions
quickly
Para 6Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers.
t30 Which of the following is the best title for the text?
[A]CEOs: Where to Go? [B]CEOs: All the Way Up?
[C]Top Managers Jump without a Net [D]The Only Way Out for Top Performers
(CEO=top managers=top performers)
2001Text3t59(设问法) para1 Why do so many Americans distrust what they read
in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project. 59. What is the passage mainly about?
[A] needs of the readers all over the world
[B] causes of the public disappointment about newspapers [C] origins of the declining newspaper industry [D] aims of a journalism credibility project
2010Text2t30 para1 Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been
granted for what are called business methods.（过去十年专利特别多！）（有过去就有现在，往往形成对比）
Para2 Now the nation's top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago.（现在法庭完全表现出准备要缩小商业方法专利） 30. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?
[A] A looming threat to business-method patents（looming=ready to ）
[B] Protection for business-method patent holders（积极的，向上的感情色彩）
.
.
[C] A legal case regarding business-method patents（不是指一个案件，很容易排除）
[D] A prevailing trend against business-method patents（与A选项相反） 选项意思相反，其 中有一个是对的
1996T5 t70 （串联法）Rumor has it that more than 20 books on
creationism/evolution are in the publisher’s pipelines. 。。。。。。。。。。is based on religion, not science. Virtually all scientists and the majority of non-fundamentalist religious leaders have come to regard “scientific” creationism as bad science and bad religion.
The first four chapters of Kitcher’s book give a very brief introduction to evolution.
Kitcher is a philosopher, and this may account, in part, for the clarity and effectiveness of his arguments. 。。。The final chapter on the creationists will be extremely clear to all. On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: “This book stands for reason itself.” And so it does -- and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.
（此句为倒装句，实则= all would be well ,if reason were the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.如果推理是唯一的判断标准，那么一切都会好的。说明那时reason不是唯一的判断标准）
70. This passage appears to be a digest (摘要！)of ________.
[A] a book review(书评)（串联全文从chapter（章节） book可以推断是讨论
对象是书）
[B] a scientific paper（科学论文）（干扰选项！不是论文，虽然提到了creationism/evolution，但是不是本文的文体只是书内容的一部分。）
[C] a magazine feature（杂志特写） [D] a newspaper editorial（报纸社论） CD选项很好排除
1998Text1 t54 （串联法）
1 Few creations of big technology capture the imagination like giant dams.
（大坝好！）
2 The lesson from dams is that big is not always beautiful.。。。（大坝如此之好啊）
3 But（前方高能预警！） big dams tend not to work as intended. （大坝不好！） 4 And yet, （递进）the myth of controlling the waters persists. 。。。。。
5 Meanwhile,（还是不好） in India（举例说明它怎么不好）, the World
Bank 。。。。。。。
6 Proper, scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the cost and benefits （利与弊）of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts. 。。。But when you are dealing with myths, it is hard to be either proper, or scientific. It is
.
.
time that the world learned the lessons of Aswan. （是时候吸取教训了）You don’t need a dam to be saved（不需要大坝，建设大坝三思而后行）
54. What the author tries to suggest may best be interpreted as ________. [A] “It’s no use crying over spilt milk”(覆水难收) [B] “More haste, less speed”（欲速则不达） [C] “Look before you leap”（三思而后行）~串联文章后显而易见啦~ [D] “He who laughs last laughs best”（笑到最后才是好的）
2003Text4t60
1 It is said that in England death is pressing(迫近的), in Canada inevitable
（不可避免的） and in California optional（可以选择的） Small wonder. Americans’ life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century.。。。。。。（死亡在美国可以选择）
2 Death is normal。。。（死亡是正常的）
3 In 1950, the U.S. spent $12.7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be $1,540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age -- say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm “have a duty to die and get out of the way,” so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential. 4 I would not go that far（作者对这句话观点，赞成，但不会走太远。下一段谈及限制limits）. Energetic people 。。。。
5 Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. As a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people’s live
60. The text intends to express the idea that ________. [A] medicine will further prolong people’s lives [B] life beyond a certain limit is not worth living
[C] death should be accepted as a fact of life（中心词就是死亡，作者同意的观点就是have a duty to die and get out of the way老人有责任去死，从而为生者让路）
[D] excessive demands increase the cost of health care
2009text2 t30(串联题干法)
26. In paragraphs 1 and 2, the text shows PTK's ___________ 27. PTK is used to __________.
.
.
28. Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to__________ 29. In the last paragraph, a problem commercial genetic testing faces is __________.
30. An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be__________. [A] Fors and Againsts of DNA testing
[B] DNA testing and It's problems（题干可得中心词PTK，作用，怀疑，面临的问题）
[C] DNA testing outside the lab [D] lies behind DNA testing
中心思想题错误答案特征
1 范围太小，以片概全
2 范围过大 （回头作文法） 2010text1 t42的AD选项 3 当心题干里面有陷阱2002text1t42
2002text1t42 Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses' convention,
of a story which works wellbecause the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. \"Who is that?\" the new arrival asked St. Peter. \"Oh, that's God,\" came the reply, \"but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor.\"
42. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are ________. [A] impolite to new arrivals（表面意思，容易排除） [B] very conscious of their godlike role
(在护士的眼中！不是医生在自己眼中的形象！看清题干)
[C] entitled to some privileges（如果连护士都认为医生这样做是他自己的特权，那么这就不是一个幽默了，是理所应当的。所以不选择C） [D] very busy even during lunch hours（无中生有）
作者态度题
1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2.
.
当作者态度未明确说明时 文章框架 Adj adv 转折处 情态动词后
2方法：词汇归纳
积极的optimistic support approval
消极的pessimistic disapproval objectionable
.
3. 中立的objective neural disinterested
4. 一定不选择的“小墓碑”选项confusion puzzled contemptuous bias uninterested
indifferent unconcerned
99 T1 t54 98T3t62 01T4t66 02T3t55
词汇题
2004T3t51 When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn’t biting her
nails just yet. （A）But（B） the 47-year-old manicurist isn’t cutting, filling or polishing as many nails as she’d like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “I’m a good economic indicator,” she says. “I provide a service that people can do without when they’re concerned about saving some dollars.” So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard’s department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I don’t know if other clients are going to abandon me, too.” she says
51. By “Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet” (Lines 1-2, Paragraph 1), the author means ________.
[A] Spero can hardly maintain her business（不能维持生意）（相反，生意是可以维持的）
（A）But（B）。（B）是isn’t….不好的， 所以（A）是积极的，好的。 [B] Spero is too much engaged in her work(too表示太,,,以至于,,不,,表相反意思)
[C] Spero has grown out of her bad habit（戒掉了咬指甲的坏习惯,直接排除） [D] Spero is not in a desperate situation（没有在绝望的境地）（根据第二段中pretty good .not despair可以看出心态是好的）
2004T3t53
Consumers say they’re not in despair because, despite the dreadful
headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, “there’s a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,” says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three,” says John Tealdi, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job.
53. When mentioning “the $4 million to $10 million range” (Lines 3-4, Paragraph 3) the author is talking about ________.
[A] gold market(黄金市场，干扰项来自there’s a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses，但是goldrush只是一个笼统的比喻手法，形容人们争先恐后的投资而不是指黄金市场) [B] real estate（房地产）
[C] stock exchange（股票交易）
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[D] venture investment（风险投资）
1998Text 3
1 Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture. Think of （指的是科学）Gallileo’s 17th-century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church（指的是文化） or poet William Blake’s harsh remarks（文化）against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton（科学）. The schism between science and the humanities has, if anything, deepened in this century.
2 Until recently, the scientific community was so powerful that it could afford to ignore its critics -- but no longer. As funding for science has declined, scientists have attacked “anti-science” in several books, notably Higher Superstition, by Paul R. Gross, a biologist at the University of Virginia, and Norman Levitt, a mathematician at Rutgers University; and The Demon-Haunted World, by Carl Sagan of Cornell University. 3 Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as “The Flight from Science and Reason,” held in New York City in 1995, and “Science in the Age of (Mis) information,” which assembled last June near Buffalo.
4 Anti-science clearly means different things to different people. Gross and Levitt find fault primarily with sociologists, philosophers and other academics who have questioned science’s objectivity. Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts, creationism and other phenomena that contradict the scientific worldview.
5 A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the anti-science tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.
6 Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber, whose manifesto, published in 1995, scorns science and longs for return to a pre-technological utopia. But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are anti-science, as an essay in US News & World Report last May seemed to suggest.
7 The environmentalists, inevitably, respond to such critics. The true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.
8 Indeed, some observers fear that the anti-science epithet is in danger of becoming meaningless. “The term ‘anti-science’ can lump together too many, quite different things,” notes Harvard University philosopher Gerald Holton in his 1993 work Science and Anti-Science. “They have in common only one thing that they tend to annoy or threaten those who regard themselves as more enlightened.” （词汇题）59. The word “schism” (Line 4, Paragraph 1) in the context probably means ________.
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2 3 两段主要是写因为没钱，所以认为其他人都是“反科学” .
Separation与division相一致 [A] confrontation对抗（表面上看与C没有不同，但是与deepen不搭配，对抗只能是加强，裂缝才是加深）
[B] dissatisfaction不满 [C] separation（分歧）
[D] contempt蔑视（BD很好排除）
（例证题）60. Paragraphs 2 and 3 are written to ________. [A] discuss the cause of the decline of science’s power（探讨科学威力减少的原因） [B] show the author’s sympathy with scientists（表示作者对科学家的同情）（无中生有） [C] explain the way in which science develops（说明科学发展的方式,,,,简直胡扯）
[D] exemplify the division of science and the humanities 61. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
[A] Environmentalists were blamed for anti-science in an essay.（定位在第6段，不意味着环保家被认为是“反科学”像杂志上报道的那样or环保家不是“反科学”像杂志报道的那样（这句话有歧义！但是！下一段开头就豁然开朗啦——The environmentalists, inevitably, respond to such critics只有被批评了才会去反击，所以环保家被认为是反科学了））
[B] Politicians are not subject to the labeling of anti-science. [C] The “more enlightened” tend to tag others as anti-science.
[D] Tagging environmentalists as “anti-science” is justifiable. （作者态度题）62. The author’s attitude toward the issue of “science vs. anti-science” is ________. [A] impartial（客观的） [B] subjective（主观的） [C] biased（小墓碑选项） [D] puzzling（小墓碑选项）
2010Text 1
Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.
It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time/ when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers//. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. //To read such books today is to marvel at the fact/ that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.（it is difficult for sb to do sth ）
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We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap(便宜得狠) and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament（装饰品） to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that（认为..是理所当然） the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly（学识渊博在表面）, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling（职业）, and were proud to be published in the daily press. \"So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,\" Newman wrote, \"that I am tempted to define 'journalism' as 'a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.'\"（很少有作家可以在新闻行业善得其中。纽曼说，我情不自禁的把新闻业定义为这样一个词，这个词通常运用于一个不受欢迎的作家鄙视受欢迎作家（酸葡萄心态）） （涉及到了3个固定搭配的拆分，so..that.. define…as… apply..to…）
Unfortunately,（表转折，意思相反） these critics are virtually forgotten（观点在前，例子在后）. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England's foremost classical-music critics, a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.（写的都是C这个人是怎么被遗忘的）
Is there any chance that Cardus's criticism will enjoy a revival? （设问句，中心是回答）The prospect seems remote.（回答就是中心=复苏的机会渺茫） Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.（进一步说明渺茫的原因）
21. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that
[A] arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers.(没有消失，是衰退！)
[B] English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews.
[C] high-quality newspapers（= high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers） retain a large body of readers.
[D] young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies.（marvel at符合，但是只来自于第二段） （细节题）22. Newspaper reviews in England before World War II were characterized by
[A] free themes.（自由的主题）来自：dirt-cheap(便宜得狠) and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament（装饰品） to the publications in which it appeared.
[B] casual style.（随意的风格）题干是报纸！（偷换概念）
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[C] elaborate layout.（精心设计的摆设）（与A相反） [D] radical viewpoints.（随机的评论）
（例证题）23. Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most（返回定位） probably agree on?
[A] It is writers' duty to fulfill journalistic goals.（无中生有） [B] It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.（曲解文意）
[C] Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism)（作家被新闻社吸引） [D] Not all (不是所有)writers are capable of journalistic writing.（few） （中心思想题）24. What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?
[A] His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.（=forgotten） [B] His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.（处于争论之中）（无中生有，只是说他被遗忘）
[C] His style caters largely to modern specialists.（与原文意思相反） [D] His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.（业余传统）
（中心思想题）25. What would be the best title for the text?
[A] Newspapers of the Good Old Days（对象错误，不是报纸而是文艺评论，排除） [B] The Lost Horizon in Newspapers（报纸中消失的地平线是报纸的一部分，所以不可以排除。）（串联法即可）
[C] Mournful Decline of Journalism（范围太大，回头作文） [D] Prominent Critics（评论家） in Memory
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