（一）、并列句（合并为）→主从复合句(最后省略为)→复杂简单
句
1. Water is heated to 100℃; it will boil. (并列句)
例如：合并：When it is heated to 100℃, water will boil. (合并为主从复合句,it 替代water 避免重复。)
简化：When heated to 100℃, water will boil. (状语从句省略规律:通常把从句
中和主句一样的主语和从句中的be 动词同时省略！)
再简化：Heated to 100℃, water will boil. (复杂简单句，非谓语之-–––过去
分词作状语！)
2. You are faced with failure, but you should “Never say die”. 合并：Although ________________, you should “Never say die”. 简化：Although ______ ______ ______, you should “Never say die”.
复杂简单句：______ ______ ______, you should “Never say die”. (形容词作状语！) 3. You are crossing the street, so you must be careful. 合并：When ________________, you must be careful. 简化：When ______ ______ ______, you must be careful. 复杂简单句：______ ______ ______, you must be careful. 4. The hunter was armed with a gun, so he dared to enter the forest.
合并：Because he ________________, the hunter dared to enter the forest. 复杂简单句：______ ______ ______ ______, the hunter dared to enter the forest. 5. I was engaged in my studies, so I ignored/overlooked you. 合并：Because ________________, I overlooked you.
复杂简单句：______ ______ ______ ______, I overlooked you. 6. Tom was lost/buried in thought, so he failed to notice the power failure. 合并：Because ________________, Tom failed to notice the power failure. 复杂简单句：________ ______ ______, failed to notice the power failure. 7. He was desperate for money, so he tried to persuade Rachel to marry him. 合并：Because ________________, he tried to persuade Rachel to marry him. 复杂简单句：______ ______ ______, he tried to persuade Rachel to marry him. 8. The small mall is located in the center of the city, so it’s popular with shoppers. 合并：Because ________________, the small mall is popular with shoppers.
复杂简单句：_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ , the small mall is popular with
shoppers.
9. Mary is so clever and diligent, so she promises to be promoted to the 5th grade. 合并：Because ________________, Mary promises to be promoted to the 5th grade. 复杂简单句：______ ______ ______ ______, Mary promises to be promoted to the 5th grade.
10. I am always seated in the back, so I fail to see the teachers clearly. 合并：Because ________________, I fail to see the teachers clearly.
复杂简单句：______ ______ ______ ______ ______, I fail to see the teachers clearly. 11. I live in the terrible city, so I’m annoyed by the noise.
合并：Because_______________________, I’m annoyed by the noise. 复杂简单句：_____ _____ ______ _____ _____, I’m annoyed by the noise. 12. He reached the end of his trip, and he found the next driver asleep. 合并：When______________________, he found the next driver asleep.
复杂简单句：______ ______ _____ _____ ____ _____, he found the next driver asleep.
★题目1~12总结：状语从句中从句主语和主句主语相同时的省略规律：
▲ ①从句主语后出现be动词时，______ ______和______可省去，构成复杂简单句， 如 1-10题;
②若从句主语后没出现
be动词，而是实义动词的原形（单数）或过去时等（从句
的主语和动词间存在主动关系），只省略___ ___, 再将实义动词变成v-ing(其完成
式为having done)形式，同样构成复杂简单句，例如第11-12 题。
▲ 注意：在状语从句中，若从句主语是it作形式主语+is/was possible/necessary/convenient
时，即使和后面主语不同，也可省略“it +is/was” 。例如： If (it is) convenient for you, you can come to dinner with me. If (it is) possible, I’ll drop in on you. If (it is) necessary, I’ll take legal action to appeal to the court. （二）主从复合句(直接省略为)→复杂简单句
13. After everything was taken into consideration, she decided to go abroad.
例如：复杂简单句：(with )Everything taken into consideration, she decided to go abroad. If everything is taken into consideration, the result is better than I expected.
复杂简单句：__________________, the result is better than I expected.(从各方面考虑，现在的结果比我先预料的要好些)
14. Because the whole city was completely destroyed, the government decided to rebuild it. 复杂简单句：(with )The ______ ______ ______ ______, the government decided to rebuild it.
15. Because Peter was drunk（醉的，adj.）, his mother had to attend to him.
复杂简单句：______ ______, his mother had to attend to him. 16. Because he was drunk, his mother had to attend to him.
复杂简单句：He being drunk, his mother had to attend to him. (这种省略句，若主语是人称代词主格，后要加being )
17．If weather permits, I will go outing with you.
复杂简单句：_________ __________, I will go outing with you. 18.If winter comes on ,spring can’t be far behind.
复杂简单句：( with )_______ ______ _____, spring can’t be far behind.
★题目13~18总结：状语从句中从句主语和主句主语不同时的省略规律：
▲①从句含be动词时，仅 ______ ______可以省去，整个句子即为复杂简
单句，即，从句的主语要保留,如第13-16题 (注意：若从句主语是人称代词主格，在省略时要在人称代词主格后加上being，如第16题；)；
②若从句中没有be动词，而是实义动词的原形（单数）/过去时等（从句的主语和
动词间存在主动关系），则只省略____, 再将实义动词变成_________形式(其完成式为having done)，同样构成复杂简单句，例如第17-18题,. 这两种省略后剩下的结构叫独立主格结构。
(三)、并列句(省略转变为)→复杂简单句
19. We arrived home rather late and we were tired and hungry.
例：复杂简单句：We arrived home rather late, tired and hungry.(形容词作状语！) 20. Tom was seated in the corner of the library and he was reading a novel.
复杂简单句：Tom was seated in the corner of the library, ______ ______ ______. (作伴随状语)
21. The fire lasted a week and it caused a lot of damage.
例如： 复杂简单句：The fire lasted a week, causing a lot of damage. (作结果状语！) 思考：若把“causing…”改为非限制性定语从句，则为The fire lasted a week, which ______ ______ ______ ______ ______.
22. The secretary was staying up in his study and she was preparing a speech.
复杂简单句：The secretary was staying up in his study, ______ ______ ______. (作伴随状语！)
23. The robber stormed into the bank and he shouted, “Freeze!” 复杂简单句：The robber stormed into the bank, ______, “Freeze”! 24. The pollulants were poured into the river and they caused a lot of deaths. 复杂简单句：The pollulants were poured into the river ,________ a lot of deaths.
思考：若把划线部分改为非限制性定语从句，则为The pollulants were poured into the river , which _________ a lot of deaths.
★题目19~24总结：并列句中，如果两个主语相同时，其分句的省略
规律：
▲①后分句中含be时，可直接去掉__________，用标点符号______(有时可省略该符号)取而代之，然后将______ 和 _____省略，如19、20、22；
②如果后分句中没有
be动词，而是实义动词的原形（单数）/过去时等（前句的主语
和该动词间存在主动关系），除了去掉____ ___ 外， 要将实义动词变成________形式(其完成式为having done)，相当于一个定语从句，如21、23、24题。 25. Our teacher came in and two books were in both hands.
例如：复杂简单句：Our teacher came in, (with) two books in both hands.
补充：★[（ with）+ 名词或代词（和主句的主语不同）+介词短语/doing/done/to do/
形容词/副词等构成的结构就是充当状语成分的独立主格结构，如上面的13-18题以及25-29题。] ★
26. The old man lay in bed, and his eyes were fixed on the ceiling.
复杂简单句：The old man lay in bed, （with） ______ ______ ______ on the ceiling. 27. There are 62 classes in our school and each of them is made up of 80 students.
复杂简单句：There are 62 classes in our school, (with) _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ 80 students.
思考：There are 62 classes in our school, each of which ______ ______ ______ ______ 80 students.
28. He has two sons and the older of them works in a large hospital.
例如： 复杂简单句：He has two sons, (with) the older of them working in a large hospital. 思考：He has two sons, the older of whom ______ in a large hospital.
29．He has written 34 novels, and most of them sell well at home and abroad. 复杂简单句：
He has written 34 novels, (with) most of them _______ well at home and abroad. 思考：He has written 34 novels, most of which _______ well at home and abroad.
★题目25~29总结：并列句中，如果两个主语不相同时，其分句的省
略规律：
▲①后分句中含be时，可直接去掉__________，用标点符号______(有时可省略该符号)取而代之，然后去掉_______并用______把后半句其余成分连起来，with可省略，如25、26、27；
②如果后分句中没有be动词，而是实义动词的原形（单数）/过去时（前面的主语和
该动词间存在主动关系）的时候，除了去掉_______外，要将实义动词变成_______形式(其完成式为having done)，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，with也可省略，如第28，29题。
答案
（一）、并列句（合并为）→主从复合句(最后省略为)→复杂简单
句
2. you are faced with failure, faced with failure, Faced with failure, 3. you are crossing the street, crossing the street, Crossing the street, 4. was armed with a gun, Armed with a gun,
5. I was engaged in my studies, Engaged in my studies, 6. he was lost/buried in thought, Lost/buried in thought, 7. he was desperate for money, Desperate for money,
8.it is located in the center of the city, Located in the center of the city, 9. she is so clever and diligent, So clever and diligent,
10.I am always seated in the back, Always seated in the back, 11．I live in the terrible city, Living in the terrible city 12.he reached the end of his trip, Reaching the end of his trip 1-12总结.： 连词、重复主语 be动词; 重复的主语 连词
（二）主从复合句(直接省略为)→复杂简单句
13. Everything taken into consideration,
14. whole city completely destroyed, 15. Peter (being )drunk, 17．Weather permitting 18.winter coming on
13~18总结：连词和be动词 ；连词 v-ing (三)、并列句(省略转变为)→复杂简单句
20. reading a novel.
21. caused a lot of damage. 22. preparing a speech. 23. shouting, 24. causing caused
19~24总结：并列连词 逗号 重复的主语 be动词 并列连词 重复的主语 -ing
26. his eyes fixed 27. each of them made up of is made up of 28. works 29. selling sell
25-29总结：并列连词 逗号 be动词 with 并列连词 -ing
答案
（一）、并列句（合并为）→主从复合句(最后省略为)→复杂简单
句
2. you are faced with failure, faced with failure, Faced with failure, 3. you are crossing the street, crossing the street, Crossing the street, 4. was armed with a gun, Armed with a gun,
5. I was engaged in my studies, Engaged in my studies, 6. he was lost/buried in thought, Lost/buried in thought, 7. he was desperate for money, Desperate for money,
8. is located in the center of the city, Located in the center of the city, 9. she is so clever and diligent, So clever and diligent,
10.I am always seated in the back, Always seated in the back, 11．I live in the terrible city, Living in the terrible city 12.he reached the end of his trip, Reaching the end of his trip 1-12总结.： 连词、重复主语 be动词; 重复的主语 连词
二）主从复合句(直接省略为)→复杂简单句
13. Everything taken into consideration,
14. whole city completely destroyed, 15. Peter drunk, 17．Weather permitting 18.winter coming on
13~18总结：连词和be动词 ；连词 v-ing
(三)、并列句(省略转变为)→复杂简单句
20. reading a novel.
21. caused a lot of damage. 22. preparing a speech. 23. shouting, 24. causing caused
19~24总结：并列连词 逗号 重复的主语 be动词 并列连词 重复的主语-ing
26. his eyes fixed 27. each of them made up of is made up of 28. works 29. selling sell
25-29总结：并列连词 逗号 be动词 with 并列连词 -ing
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