武汉大学考博英语模拟试卷16(题后含答案及解析)

武汉大学考博英语模拟试卷16 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. Structure and Vocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. Writing

Structure and Vocabulary

1． In today’s medical field, little agreement exists on the______for defining mental illness.

A．legislation B．requirement C．criteria D．measures

正确答案：C

解析：四个选项的含义分别是：legislation立法，法规；requirement要求，需求，必要条件；criteria标准；measures尺寸，测量，措施。根据线索词define(界定、定义)，应选C。句意：在当今的医学界，几乎没有界定精神病的一致标准。 知识模块：词汇

2． The research team decided to use an underwater saw to cut the ______ ship into sections before lifting it up.

A．electrical B．electric C．electricity D．electrifying

正确答案：B

解析：electric“用电的，电动的”：electric blanket电热毯/electric torch手电筒；electrical“电学的，由电发生的”：electrical engineering电气工程；electricity“电，电气”；electrify“使电气化”。

3． Grant was one of a body of men who were self-reliant ______, who cared hardly anything for the past but had a sharp eye for the future.

A．on themselves

B．on not making a fault C．to a fault

D．to remain ahead

正确答案：C

4． He______so much work that he couldn’t really do it efficiently. A．put on

B．brought on C．took on D．carried on

正确答案：C 解析：本题是说他承担了如此多的工作，以至于他不能真正有效地完成工作。C项“take on承担，从事(某项工作)；(开始)雇用；呈现(某种面貌)；同……比赛，接受……的挑战(如take on toomany responsibilities．The college is taking on more staff．His face took on an angry look.I’ll takeyou on at table tennis．)”。其他三项中，put on“穿上，戴上；上演(节目)；增加(体重)”)；bringon“引起，使发生；使生长得更快”；carry on“继续”，都与题意不符。

5． The physician had to visit his patient six ______ days before the patient could be considered in a fair condition.

A．consequent B．consecutive C．consistent D．conservative

正确答案：B

解析：consecutive连续的，接连的。consequent随之发生的；consistent一致的，调和的；conservative保守的。

6． There has been an increase in attendance at lectures ______ by the World Affairs Council, which brings international issues to public attention.

A．developed B．sponsored C．advanced D．promoted

正确答案：B

解析：develop发展。sponsor发起，主办。advance前进，提前。promote促进，提升。

7． The remnants of Roman Empire can be found in many countries in Asia,Europe,and Africa.

A．fortresses B．relics C．temples D．antiques

正确答案：B

解析：这句话的意思是：罗马帝国的——可以在亚洲、欧洲和非洲的许多国家发现。在给出的选项中，fortress“堡垒，要塞”；relics“遗物，遗迹”；temple

“庙宇，寺院”；antique“古物，古董”。其中B项替换划线部分词语最切合题意。因此正确答案是B。

8． Heat exhaustion is a condition caused by ______to sunlight or another heat source which often results in dehydration and salt depletion.

A．a reaction to B．overexposure C．a limitation of D．an absence of

正确答案：B

解析：a reaction to反应。overexposure过度暴露。an limitation of局限。an absence of缺乏。

9． Twenty pounds ______ enough for such a poor family to spend for a month. A．were B．being C．have been D．was

正确答案：D

解析：表示时间度世等复数名词做主语时，常常作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数：Ten miles is a long distance．10英里是很长的路程。

10． I don’ t believe such a strange story. I am certain it is a complete______. A．fabrication B．lubrication C．synthesis

D．generalization

正确答案：A

解析：句意：我不相信这个奇怪的故事，我确信它完全是捏造出来的。fabrication制作，构成；捏造。lubrication润滑油。synthesis合成，综合，综合物。generalization一般化，概括，综合。

11． So ______ was the mood of the meeting that an agreement was soon reached.

A．resentful B．amiable C．suffocating D．gloomy

正确答案：B

12． The new policy has_____a large amount of investment for industry and business in this city.

A．acquainted B．adhered C．activated D．asserted

正确答案：C

解析：四个选项的意思分别是acquainted“熟知，熟悉”；adhered(to)“遵守，依附”；activated“使活动，使其作用”；asserted“断言，宣称”。句意是，新的政策激活了该城市对工业和商业的大量投资。根据句子意思推出正确答案是C选项。

13． As a salesman, he works on a_____basis, taking 10% of everything he sells. A．revenue B．commission C．salary D．pension

正确答案：B

解析：本题中，B项的commission“佣金”符合题意。其他三项目revenue“税收”；salary“薪水”；pension“养老金”都不正确。

14． From the article we eau infer that we are influenced by customs ______. A．from the moment of our birth B．when we can talk C．when we grow up

D．. when we go to school

正确答案：A

解析：justify证明……是正当的。句意：那位官员因不能说出他所有财产的合法来源而被捕。A．clarify阐明(立场)，澄清(真相)；

B．intensify加强；C. verify证实，查证。

15． The fact that it will never be possible to converse with someone on another planet shows that ______.

A．certain universal laws cannot be prevailed against B．no object can ever travel faster than light

C．western culture has a special idea of communication D．radio messages do not travel fast enough

正确答案：D

解析：他说他是卖保险的，但后来她发现他是个骗子。fraud骗子；alien外侨，外国人； counterpart(职位、性格等方面)相对应的人；client委托人，顾客。

16． Since she was alone, she opened the door ______, leaving the chain lock fastened.

A．warily

B．consciously C．audaciously D．recklessly

正确答案：A

解析：warily小心地，警惕地；audaciously大胆地，鲁莽地；recklessly鲁莽地，不计后果地； consciously有意识地，有知觉地。由句意判断A是正确答案。

17． Execution by lethal injection, although horrifying, is certainly more civilized than the ______ penalty of death by torture or dismemberment.

A．pervasive B．viler C．humane D．prolific

正确答案：B

解析：(viler更卑鄙)。句意为：尽管注射处决让人感到恐怖，但是它无疑比更卑鄙的刑罚，如毒打致死或肢解致死文明得多。A．pervasive渗透性的；

C．humane人道的； D．prolific多产的。 18． It is a common theme in many science fiction stories that the world may one day be ______ by insects.

A．broken in B．run over C．taken over D．filled in

正确答案：C

解析：take over接管，接替；break in强行进入，破门而入；run over碾过；fill in填写。句意：许多科幻小说的一个共同主题是：将来有一天世界可能会被昆虫占领。

19． The technology exists to complement and______ the human mind. A．amplify B．enrich C．stretch D．enhance

正确答案：A

20． Since she knew nothing about a foreign language, she was ______ by the menu at the restaurant and did not know how to’ order.

A．bewildered B．shaken C．annoyed D．stunned

正确答案：A

21． Vostok is close to the coldest spot in the world, where an ______ minus 128.6°F was recorded in 1983.

A．unreliable B．extra

C．incredible D．impossible

正确答案：C

解析：incredible表示“难以置信的，不可相信的”；unreliable意为“不可信赖的，不可靠的”；extra表示“额外的”；impossible表示“不可能的”。句意：Vostok与世界上最冷的地方相邻。那里有记载的最低温度是 1983年记录的令人难以置信的华氏零下128.6度。

22． The trainees were given copies of a finished manual to see whether they could themselves begin to ______ the inflexible, though tacit, rules for composing more of such instructional materials.

A．design B．revise C．disrupt D．derive

正确答案：D

解析：(derive得到，获得)。句意为：给接受培训的人分发了一些印好的小册子，看他们是否能亲自从中得出一些不言而喻的但不可更改的规则，以创作出更多此类的教材。A． design设计；

B．revise修订； C．disrupt分裂。

23． The ______ now seems to stand as the primary barrier to a new era of strong economic growth.

A．defect B．descent C．deficit D．defeat

正确答案：C

24． The buttocks are ______ most other parts in the body. A．likely less to cause fatale damage than B．likely less causing fatal damage to C．less likely to cause fatal damage than D．less likely to cause fatal damage to

正确答案：C

25． For nearly 50 years, Speck has been a ______ author, writing 13 books including an autobiography and numerous magazine articles.

A．prevalent B．precautious C．prospective D．prolific

正确答案：D 26． Most of the 33 newly discovered planets’ giant gas bags swing so erratically that they create havoc on any smaller, nearby, life-friendly planets.

A．destruction B．benefits C．chaos D．violence

正确答案：A

27． In cubism, natural objects are ______ analytically into geometrical shapes. A．broken down B．run down C．cut down D．torn down

正确答案：A

解析：break down分解；run down撞到，贬低某人；cut down减少数量，砍倒；tear down弄倒某物，拆除某物。

28． It is often difficult to______between a mere exaggeration and a deliberate lying.

A．disguise B．cultivate C．originate

D．discriminate

正确答案：D

解析：disguise掩饰，隐瞒；cultivate耕种，陶冶；originate发源；产生；discriminate区别，辨别。

29． Iceland lies far north in the Athlantic, with its northernmost tip actually ______ the Arctic Circle.

A．touched B．touches C．touching

D．being touched

正确答案：C

解析：with引导的独立结构在句中做状语。冰岛的北部接触到北极圈，两者之间是主动关系，故用现在分词touching。

30． The organ transplant community has______humans and monkeys for ethical reasons.

A．knocked out B．bailed out C．pointed out D．ruled out

正确答案：D

解析：句子大意：由于道德原因，器官移植委员会把人类和猿猴——。只有rule out“把……排除在外，排除……的可能性”符合题意。因此本题选D。

Cloze

The history of African-Americans during the past 400 years is traditionally narrated【21】an ongoing straggle against【22】and indifference on the part of the American mainstream, and a straggle【23】as an upward movement is【24】toward ever more justice and opportunity. Technology in and of【25】is not at fault; it’s much too simple to say that gunpowder or agricultural machinery or fiber optics【26】been the enemy of an【27】group of people. A certain machine is put【28】work in a certain way-the purpose【29】which it was designed. The people who design the machines are not intent on unleashing chaos; they are usually trying to【30】a task more quickly, cleanly, or cheaply,【31】the imperative of innovation and efficiency that has ruled Western civilization【32】the Renaissance. Mastery of technology is second only【33】money as the true measure of accomplishment in this country, and it is very likely that by【34】this under-representation in the technological realm, and by not questioning and examining the folkways that have【35】it, blacks are allowing【36】to be kept out of the mainstream once again. This time, however, they will be【37】

from the greatest cash engine of the twenty-first century. Inner-city blacks in particular are in danger, and the beautiful suburbs【38】ring the decay of Hartford, shed the past and learn to exist without contemplating or encountering the tragedy of the inner city. And blacks must change as well. The ways that【39】their ancestors through captivity and coming to freedom have begun to loose their utility. If blacks【40】to survive as full participants in this society, they have to understand what works now.

31． A．like B．as C．for D．with

正确答案：B

32． A．charity B．clarity C．cohesion D．oppression

正确答案：D

33．

A．charting B．charts C．charted D．to chart

正确答案：C

34．

A．progressing B．progressed C．clutched D．clutching

正确答案：A

35． A．itself

B．themselves

C．ourselves D．himself

正确答案：A

36． A．have B．to have C．has D．to has

正确答案：C

37．

A．entirely B．enter C．entire D．entrance

正确答案：C

38． A．for B．off C．on D．at

正确答案：D

39． A．for B．to C．with D．before

正确答案：A

40．

A．envelop B．accomplish C．enveloping D．accomplishing

正确答案：B

41．

A．followed B．follows C．to follow D．following

正确答案：D

42． A．since B．on C．in D．at

正确答案：A

43． A．before B．to C．with D．from

正确答案：B

44．

A．to tolerate B．tolerate C．tolerated D．tolerating

正确答案：D

45．

A．encountered B．encountering C．to encounter D．encounters

正确答案：A

46． A．them B．us

C．themselves D．ourselves

正确答案：C

47．

A．excluding B．included C．including D．excluded

正确答案：D

48． A．where B．that C．how D．what

正确答案：B

49．

A．servicing B．encircle C．encircling D．served

正确答案：D

50． A．is B．were C．are D．have

正确答案：C

Small business owners must accept the burdens of entrepreneurship. Being in business for your- self requires your full attention. You seldom leave the office or shop at 5 p.m.【31】do you leave job problems there. They follow you home as business homework. This【32】ess time for your personal life. The【33】you sought can put you on the spot. You don’ t report to a boss. But you do【34】as hard as possible to serve your customers. They are you”【35】”. You also have to compete with creditors, employees, suppliers, and tax collectors. In other words, you are never

really【36】. Small firms can seldom ‘afford to【37】enough employees so that each can specialize. You may have to prepare ads,【38】records, make sales calls, and collect bad debts. You must be able to “wear many hats”【.39】all these tasks takes up lots of time. But you cannot【40】long-range planning. You have to set goals and develop plans in meet them. Given too【41】time to management, your business will fall. The major cause of business【42】is poor management. Of every three business that start, two fail.【43】half fall in the first five years. A person with limited talents may be able to hold a job in a large firm【44】others will pick up the slack. When you are in business【45】yourself, there is no one to “carry you”. Even if your firm【46】, you may still have little money to spend. You may work hard for months and not take a penny out【47】the salary you pay yourself. The reason is you may have to【48】your profits in the firm for long-term growth. Or you may need to meet short-term【49】for cash. You may not even be able to draw a salary【50】the firm becomes a truly going concern.

51． A．So B．Also C．Not D．Either

正确答案：C

解析：句意：你也不会对工作上的问题置之不理。nor与前文的yon seldom leave相呼应。

52．

A．maintains B．means C．leads D．suggests

正确答案：B

解析：句意：这就意味着你的个人生活时间减少。mean意味。maintain保持，维持。 lead与to连用，表示“导致”。suggest建议，表明，暗示。

53．

A．prosperity B．property C．fortune

D．independence

正确答案：C

解析：seek one’s fortune寻求致富及成功之道。prosperity繁荣。property

财产，所有物。

54． A．try B．act C．manage D．perform

正确答案：A

解析：句意：你尽己所能去为顾客服务。try hard to do努力做某事。

55．

A．superior B．manager C．boss D．director

正确答案：C

解析：前文提到，你不需要向老板汇报，随后语意转折指出“你却需要努力迎合消费者”，因此可推断这里指的是“消费者是你的老板”。

56． A．lucky B．free C．relaxed D．happy

正确答案：B

解析：本段阐述了私营企业主虽然不用向老板汇报工作，但需要迎合顾客，需要与雇员、收税人员、供应商等周旋，因此，私营业主也并不自由。

57． A．hire B．rent C．let D．make

正确答案：A

解析：句意：小公司很少能够有能力雇佣足够员工。“雇佣”应用hire。rent是指“出租，租用”。

58． A．set B．break

C．keep

D．establish

正确答案：C

解析：keep records作记录。

59．

A．Persisting B．Acquiring C．Regulating D．Performing

正确答案：D

解析：句意：执行所有这些任务很耗时。perform a task执行任务。

60． A．deny B．offend C．refuse D．neglect

正确答案：D

解析：句意：但是，你也不能忽略长远计划。neglect忽视，忽略。

61． A．few B．little C．bit D．slight

正确答案：B

解析：句意：如果在管理上投入的时间太少，你的公司将会失败。time不可数名词，应用little修饰。

62． A．failure B．redaction C．depression D．inefficiency

正确答案：A

解析：前文谈到your business will fail，后文也在谈论公司失败的比率，因此此处讲述的也应是公司的失败。

63．

A．Mostly B．Totally C．Nearly D．Partly

正确答案：C

解析：句意：几乎半数的公司会在创业后五年时间内失败。

64． A．before B．when C．because D．therefore

正确答案：C

解析：句意：一个能力有限的人能够保住在一家大公司的职位，因为其他人会弥补他的不足。

65． A．by B．for C．upon D．from

正确答案：A

解析：in business by yourself你独自经营事业时。

66．

A．approves B．enlarges C．permits D．succeeds

正确答案：D

解析：前文谈论的是很多私营企业会失败，本段讲的是“即使你的公司成功了…”。

67．

A．except for B．together with C．in spite of D．as well as

正确答案：A

解析：句意：你可能辛苦工作数月，却不能挪用除了应得薪水以外的钱。except for除了…之外。

68．

A．reproduce B．resolve C．reserve D．reinvest

正确答案：D

解析：句意：你可能需要将所得利润再次投进公司以实现长期增长。reinvest(in)再次投资。reproduce再生产。resolve决定，决心，解决。reserve储备，保存。

69． A．sales

B．businesses C．demands D．necessaries

正确答案：C

解析：meet short-term demands for cash满足短期现金需求。

70． A．lest B．until C．if

D．when

正确答案：B

解析：前文淡到你只能使用自己薪水的那部分钱，本处讲的是“在你的公司盈利之前，你甚至连薪水都没有”。a going concern活跃，盈利。

Assuming that a constant travel-time budget, geographic constraints and short-term infrastructure constraints persist as fundamental features of global mobility, what long-term results can one expect? In high-income regions,【21】North America, our picture suggests that the share of traffic【22】supplied by buses and automobiles will decline as high-speed transport rises sharply. In developing countries, we【23】the strongest increase to be in the shares first for buses and later for automobiles. Globally, these【24】in bus and automobile transport are partially offsetting. In all regions, the share of low-speed rail transport will probably continue its strongly【25】decline. We expect that throughout the period 1990～2050, the【26】North American will continue to devote most of his or her 1.1-hour travel-time【27】to automobile travel.

The very large demand【28】air travel (or high-speed rail travel) that will be manifest in 2050【29】to only 12 minutes per person a day; a little time goes a long way in the air. In several developing regions, most travel【30】in 2050 will still be devoted to nonmotorized modes. Buses will persist【31】the primary form of motorized transportation in developing countries for decades.【32】important air travel becomes, buses, automobiles and【33】low-speed trains will surely go on serving vital functions.【34】of the super-rich already commute and shop in aircraft, but average people will continue to spend most of their travel time on the【35】.

71．

A．frankly

B．exceptionally C．unfortunately D．notably

正确答案：B

72．

A．volume B．body C．measure D．funds

正确答案：A

73． A．admire B．assure C．assert

D．anticipate

正确答案：D

74．

A．outcomes B．trends C．declines D．impacts

正确答案：A

75．

A．inherent

B．evident C．large-scale D．hidden

正确答案：C

76．

A．general B．common C．local D．average

正确答案：D

77． A．profit B．cost C．budget D．facility

正确答案：B

78． A．in B．of C．at D．for

正确答案：C

79．

A．works out B．leaves out C．runs out D．puts out

正确答案：C

80． A．time B．desire C．agency D．means

正确答案：C

81． A．to B．as C．with D．over

正确答案：B

82．

A．Despite the fact B．Whatever it is C．No matter how D．Whether or not

正确答案：D

83． A．plus

B．including C．even

D．as well as

正确答案：A

84． A．Few B．All C．None D．Some

正确答案：D

85．

A．mountain B．ground C．sky D．land

正确答案：B

86． 【C9】 A．Furthermore

B．Conversely C．Accordingly D．Nevertheless

正确答案：D

解析：Furthermore表示“递进关系”；Conversely表示“完全相反的情形”；Accordingly表示“因果关系”，Nevertheless“然而，不过，表示对立，转折关系”。联系上下文可知，在此处上文提到The exports disagree，下文出现all agree that，前后呈现对立关系，因此D项符合文意。其他三项中都与文意不符。因此本题答案为D。

Unconsciously, we all carry with us 【51】 have been called “body bubbles”. These bubbles are like invisible walls 【52】 define our personal space. The amount of space changes 【53】 on the interpersonal relationship. For example, we are usually more comfortable standing closer to family members than to 【54】 . Personality 【55】 determines the size of this space. Introverts often prefer to interact with others at a greater distance than 【56】 . Cultural styles are important too. A Japanese 【57】 and employee usually stand farther apart while talking than their American counterparts. Latin Americans and Arabs tend to 【58】 closer together than Americana when talking. For Americans, 【59】 in social conversation is about an arm’s length to four feet. Less space in the American culture may be associated 【60】 greater intimacy or aggressive behavior. The common practice of saying “Excuse me,” or “Pardon me” for the slightest accidental touching of another person reveals an American attitude about personal space. Thus when a person’s “space” is intruded 【61】 by someone, he or 【62】 . may feel 【63】 and react defensively. In cultures 【64】 close physical contact is acceptable and desirable, Americans may be perceived 【65】 cold and distant. Culture does not always 【66】 the messages that our body movements 【67】 Contexts, personalities, and relationships also influence them. Therefore, no two people in any one society have the same nonverbal behavior. However, like verbal language, 【68】 communication cannot be completely separated 【69】 culture. 【70】 we emphasize differences or similarities, the “silent language” is much louder than it first appears.

87．

正确答案：what

88．

正确答案：which/that

89．

正确答案：depending

90．

正确答案：strangers

91．

正确答案：also

92．

正确答案：extroverts

93．

正确答案：employer

94．

正确答案：stand

95．

正确答案：distance

96．

正确答案：with

97．

正确答案：on/upon

98．

正确答案：she

99．

正确答案：threatened

100．

正确答案：where

101．

正确答案：as

102．

正确答案：determine

103．

正确答案：convey

104．

正确答案：nonverbal

105．

正确答案：from

106．

正确答案：Whether

Below is a summary of some of the main points of the passage. Read the summary and then select the best word or phrase from the box below according to the passage. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. Malnutrition and the resulting impaired growth and development in children of weaning age in developing countries results not only from【18】but also from infections caused by contaminated food. Studies have addressed the problem of inadequate intake by using sprouted grains in food preparation. Contamination has been tackled with【19】. Both of these methods are, or were, used traditionally and are practical and inexpensive. Fermented foods have higher【20】and also have anti-microbial qualities. This means that contamination is decreased and that their【21】is increased. Fermentation occurs when【22】is left to stand, occasionally with simple additives. There is, however, a trend away from this【23】to commercial products.

107．

正确答案：J

108．

正确答案：C

109．

正确答案：K

110．

正确答案：M

111．

正确答案：N

112．

正确答案：G

Reading Comprehension

Family is older than the human species- work is younger, friendship is about as old as we are. It is friendship that marks us as human. The biologist Lewis Thomas wrote an essay comparing human beings with termites. Termites build nests as elaborate and as well designed as our cathedrals. Every termite nest is an architectural wonder, with arches, vaults, galleries, ventilators, storerooms, and nurseries. But no single termite carries the architectural plan in her head. The building of the nest is a collective process. Each termite rolls little balls of, mud sticks them onto other little bails rolled by her neighbors. Out of this collective rolling and sticking the cathedral grows. Thomas is saying that human societies grow in the same fashion. Instead of rolling mud balls we play with words. Instead of sticking mud balls together to make arches, we stick words together to make conversations. Instead of piling arch upon arch to make a nest, we pile conversation upon conversation to make a culture. Just as no single termite knows how to build a nest, no single human knows how to build a culture. A single termite alone cannot survive, and a single human being alone is not human. Work came later in human history ihan conversation. We invented work when we become civilized. Unlike friendship, work is a mixed blessing. At its worst, work is slavery. At its best, work is a sustained and lifelong conversation. The more satisfying and enjoyable work is, the more it partakes of the nature of conversation. Science at the working level is mostly conversation. The building where I work has twenty people in twenty rooms. Most of the doors are open. From morning till night the buzz of conversation seldom ceases. That is the way science is done. When I am

not talking with friends down the hall, I am writing papers for friends around the world. Without the friends, my activity would be pointless. Scientists are as gregarious a species as termites. If the lives of scientists are on the whole joyful, it is because our friendships are deep and lasting. Our friendships are lasting because we are engaged in a collective enterprise. Our enterprise, the exploration of nature’s secrets, had no beginning and will have no end. Exploration is as natural an activity for human beings as conversation. Our friends, the explorers are scattered over the centuries, from Archimedes and Euclid to the unborn genius who will one day understand the mystery of how our exploring minds work. (420 words)

113． What is most typical of man according to the author? A．Long history.

B．Elaborate thinking. C．Friendship.

D．Ability to build architectural wonders.

正确答案：C 解析：第一段第二句明确地表明“友谊是人类区别于其他动物的最大标志”。 知识模块：阅读理解

114． The writer compares humans to termites in order to prove that A．both have the same function to a society B．we are doing a collective job like termites

C．just as termites like to build a nest, so humans like to build a cathedral D．an architectural wonder is always as elaborate as a termites’ nest

正确答案：B

解析：白蚂蚁是一种集体劳动的群体，人类在这点方面很像白蚂蚁。 知识模块：阅读理解

115． The work human beings have created results from______. A．humans’ desire for food and clothing B．humans’ longing for friendship C．inevitable evolution trend D．development of civilization

正确答案：D

解析：文章第二段第一句：当我们文明后就开始发明工作。 知识模块：阅读理解

116． What does the author mean by saying “work is a mixed blessing”? A．Work is contradictory to conversation. B．Work is the antonym of friendship.

C．Work contains both good and bad aspects. D．There are various kinds of person in the world.

正确答案：C

解析：a mixed blessing是“好坏参半”之意。 知识模块：阅读理解

117． What does “enterprise” in the last paragraph refer to? A．The course of an action B．A firm or a company

C．The exploration of something D．A spirit of working hard

正确答案：A

解析：enterprise一词多义，在此指“事业”。 知识模块：阅读理解

A new biotechnology procedure that could become commercially available in as little as two to four years is “transgenesis”, which permits scientists to create an animal with specific traits by adding, removing, inactivating, or repairing genes in an embryo. The additional genes can come from any source. For example, if a gene of interest occurs in mosquitoes - say, one that codes for resistance to a certain--disease-it can be removed and places in the embryo of a farm animal, the several strains of commercially useful transgenic farm animals that will probably emerge in the next few years could include leaner pigs, poultry resisting to influenza or other deadly diseases, sheep with wool that is easier to wash, and goats that produce valuable pharmaceuticals in their milk. The simplest way to make transgenic animals is to inject a gene into a one-cell embryo and then implant the embryo in another animal. Under the right conditions, the new gene joins one of the embryo’s strands of genes. Each cell created as the embryo divides gets a copy of the new gene. An alternative technique is to incorporate the gene into a type of virus known as a retrovirus that has been modified so it cannot reproduce itself after entering a cell. The virus, which cannot cause disease, delivers the gene to the cell’s nucleus. Often this method is better than gene injection because a retrovirus always delivers just one gene, and the gene is always undamaged and complete.

118． The new biotechnology procedure discussed in this passage mainly concerns ______.

A．embryos

B．pigs, sheep and goats C．commercial science

D．improvement of animal strains

正确答案：D 解析：“The new biotechnology procedure”，生物学工艺，即动物学转基因技

术。commercial science的范围太大而且脱离了“The new biotechnology procedure”的实际意义。

119． In the first sentence, “to become commercially available” means ______. A．this procedure is available only on the market

B．this procedure can be used in producing better farm animals C．This procedure can be used to promote business

D．People such as farmers can use this procedure in their production

正确答案：D

解析：在商业上实际可用。

120． The transgenic farm animals mentioned in this passage are ______.

A．pigs, cows and mosquitoes that have gone through the transgenic procedure B．pigs, cows, sheep and chickens that have accepted additional genes C．leaner pigs, poultry that produce pharmaceuticals and healthier sheep

D．leaner pigs, chickens resisting diseases and goats that produce milk with medicine in it

正确答案：D

解析：根据文中第二段最后一句，判断选D。

121． Which of the following is NOT true?

A．After injection, the embryo gets a copy of the new gene as it divides.

B．The injection method is less good because the new gene sometimes fails to join the embryo’s genes.

C．The retrovirus multiplies after it enters the cell. D．The incorporating method is less simple but better.

正确答案：C

解析：根据“An alternative technique is．．．retrovirus that has been modified so it cannot reproduce itself after entering a cell．”可知C为正确答案。

122． The tone of this passage is ______. A．critical B．factual C．humorous D．romantic

正确答案：B

解析：critical，批判的；factual，实际的；humorous，幽默的；romantic，浪漫的。文中作者没有表示任何观点，只对转基因技术做简单介绍，所以选B。

When you are small,all ambitions fall into one grand category:when I’m

grown up. When I’m grown up,you say,I’ll go up in space. I’m going to be an author. I’ll kill them all and then they’ll be sorry. I’ll be married in a cathedral with sixteen bridesmaids in pink lace. I’ll have a puppy of my own and no one will be able to take him away. None of it ever happens,of course—or dam little but the fantasies give you the idea that there is something to grow up for. Indeed one of the saddest things about gilded adolescence is the feeling that from eighteen on,it’s all downhill; I read with horror of an American hippie wedding where someone said to the groom (age twenty),”You seem so kinda grown up somehow”,and the lad had to go around seeking reassurance that he wasn’t,no,really he wasn’t. A determination to be better adults than the present incumbents is fine,but to refuse to grow up at all is just plain unrealism. Right,so then you get some of what you want,or something like it or something that will do all right; and for years you are too busy to do more than live in the present and put one foot in front of the other; your goals stretching little beyond the day when the boss has a stroke or the moment when the children can bring you tea in bed—and the later moment when they actually bring you hot tea,not mostly clopped in the saucer. However,! have now discovered an even sweeter category of ambition. When my children are grown up...When my children are grown up I’ll learn to fly an aero plane. I will career round the sky, knowing that if I do “go pop” there will be no little ones to suffer shock and maladjustment; that even if the worst does come to the worst I will at least dodge the geriatric ward and all that looking for your glasses. In order to see where you’ve left your teeth. When my children are grown up I’ll have fragile,lovely things on low tables;I’II have a white carpet;I’ll go to the pictures in the afternoon. When the children are grown up I’ll actually be able to do a day’s work in day,instead of spread over three,and go away for a weekend without planning as if for a trip to the Moon. When I’m grown up—I mean when they’re grown up—I’ II be free. Of course,I know it’s got to get worse before it gets better. Twelve-year-olds,I’m told,don’t go to tend at seven,so you don’t even get your evenings;once they’re past ten you have to start worrying about their friends instead of simply shooing the intruders off the doorstep,and to settle down to a steady ten years of criticism of everything you’ve ever thought or done or worn. Boys, it seems,may be less of a trial then girls,since they can’t get pregnant and they don’t borrow your clothes—if they do borrow your clothes, of course,you’ve got even more to worry about. The young don’t respect their parents any more,that’s what. Goodness,how sad. still,like eating snails, it might be all right once you’ve got over the idea:it might let us off having to bother quite so much with them when the time comes. But one is simply not going to be able to drone away one’s days,toothless by the fire,brooding on the past.

123． What interests the writer about young children is that they_____. A．have so many unselfish ambitions B．have such longterm ambitions C．don’t all want to be spacemen D．all long for adult pleasures

正确答案：B

解析：题目问：关于儿童，作者感兴趣的是什么?通过文章内容推知，人在年幼时所有的抱负可归结成一大类：等我长大以后。你说，等长大以后我要去太空。我要成为一名作家……所描述的都是对成年生活的幻想和渴望。这就是作者对儿童感兴趣的所在。所以，答案是B。

124． The writer maintains that fantasies_____. A．satisfy ambition B．lessen ambition C．stimulate ambition D．frustrate ambition

正确答案：C 解析：题目问：笔者认为，幻想怎么样?第二段：“the fantasies give you the idea that there is something togrow up for．”通过这句话可知，笔者认为，这些幻想使你有了成长的目标，激发了孩子们的志向。所以，答案是C。

125． What does the writer feel is wrong with the modern generation? A．Their wanting to grow up. B．Their not wanting to grow up. C．Their wanting to improve adults. D．Their not wanting to improve adults.

正确答案：B

解析：题目问：作者认为如今的一代人错在哪里?通过文章内容可知，婚礼中20岁的新郎对“你看上去像个成年人”这句话的反应很惊恐，从中可知年轻的一代不愿意长大。因此，作者认为，完全拒绝长大明显是不现实的。所以，答案是B。

126． The writer feels that as an adult one must_____. A．achieve one’s ambitions at all costs B．continue to be ambitious

C．find a compromise between ambition and reality D．give up all one’s earlier ambitions

正确答案：C

解析：题目问：作者认为，一个成年人必须怎样?通过第三段内容可知，一年又一年地，成年人就在现有的生活中按部就班地忙碌着……所以在理想与现实之间，成年人应寻求某种平衡，或者说某种妥协。所以，答案是C。

127． When the children leave home,the writer thinks that_____. A．there will be compensations B．she will be delighted

C．she will be desolated

D．there will be nothing to do

正确答案：B

解析：题目问：当孩子们离开家时，作者认为什么?通过第三段内容可知，作者幻想当孩子们长大时，她就可以自由自在地做想做的事情。因此她是快乐的。所以，答案是B。

The energy crisis, which is being felt around the world, has dramatized how the careless use of the earth’s resources has brought the whole world to the brink of disaster. The over-development of motor transport, with its increase of more cars, more highways, more pollution, more suburbs, more commuting, has contributed to the near destruction of our cities. The disaster has arrived in the form of the energy crisis. Our present situation is unlike war, revolution or depression. Worldwide resources exploitation and energy use have brought us to a state where long range planning is essential. What we need is not a continuation of our present serious state, which endangers the future of our country, our children, and our earth, but a movement forward to a new norm in order to work rapidly and effectively on planetary problems. This country has been falling back under the continuing exposures of loss of morality and the revelation that lawbreaking has reached into the highest places in thei land. There is a strong demand for moral revival and for some devotion that is vast enough and yet personal enough to enlist the devotion of all. In the past it has been only in a way in defense of their own country and their own ideals that any people have been able to devote themselves wholeheartedly. This is the first time that we have been asked to defend ourselves and what we hold dear in cooperation with all the other inhabitants of this planet, who share with us the same endangered air and the same endangered oceans. There is a common need to reassess our present course, to change that course and to devise new methods through which the world can; survive. This is a priceless opportunity. To grasp it we need a widespread understanding of nature if the crisis confronting us-and the world-is a crisis that is no passing inconvenience, no by product of thej ambitions of the oil producing countries, no environmentalists’ mere fears, no by product of any present system of government. What we face is the outcome of the invention of the last four hundred years. What we need is a transformed life style. This new life style can flow directly from science and technology, but its acceptance depends on a sincere devotion to finding a higher quality of life for the world’s children and future generation.

128． Which condition does the author feel has nearly destroyed our cities? A．Lack of financial planning. B．The breakup of the family.

C．Natural disasters in many regions. D．The excessive growth of motors.

正确答案：D

解析：题目问：作者认为哪一种状况几乎摧毁了我们的城市?第一段“The over-development of motortransport，with its increase of more cars，more highways，more pollution，more suburbs，more commuting，has contributed to the near destruction of our cities．”通过这句话可知，汽车运输的过度发展，增加了更多的汽车，更多的公路，更多的污染，更多的郊区，等等，几乎破坏了我们的城市。据此判断，应选择D。

129． The author in the second paragraph states what we need in our present situation is_____.

A．a continuation of our present serious state

B．worldwide resources exploitation and energy use

C．a movement forward to a new norm to planet research work D．a state where long range planning is essential to us

正确答案：D

解析：题目问：以我们目前的状况，我们需要的是什么?第二段“Our present situation is unlike war，revo-lution or depression．Worldwide resources exploitation and energy use have brought us to a statewhere long range planning is essential．”通过这句话可知，现在我们所面临的形势是。资源的可持续利用问题，资源利用必须有长远规划。据此判断，应选择D。

130． According to the author, what is one example of our loss of morality? A．Disregard for law. B．Lack of devotion. C．Lack of cooperation.

D．Exploitation of resources.

正确答案：B

解析：题目问：说我们道德丧失的例子是什么?“There is a strong demand for moral revival and forsome devotion that is vast enough and yet personal enough to enlist the devotion of all，”通过此句话可知，现在对道德复苏和奉献精神有强烈的需求。据此判断。应选择B。

131． By comparing past problems with present ones, the author draws attention to the_____.

A．significance of this crisis B．inadequacy of governments

C．similarity of the past to the present D．hopelessness of the situation

正确答案：A

解析：题目问：通过对过去的问题和现在的问题进行比较，作者提请注意什

么“?In the past it has beenonly in a way in defense of their own country and their own ideals that any people have been able todevote themselves wholeheartedly．”通过文章内容可知。作者通过对过去和现在面临问题的比较，要求人们对现在所面临危机要特别注意。据此判断。应选择A。

132． According to the last paragraph, what contribution does the author feel people must now make?

A．Search for new energy sources. B．Outlaw motor transportation. C．Accept a new life style.

D．Adopt a new form of government.

正确答案：C

解析：题目问：作者认为人们现在必须作出什么贡献?“What we need is a transformed life style．”通过此句话可知，我们需要对生活方式进行改变。据此判断。应选择C。

As one works with color in a practical or experimental way, one is impressed by two apparently unrelated facts. Color as seen is a mobile changeable thing depending to a large extent on the relationship of the color to other colors seen simultaneously. It is not fixed in its relation to the direct stimulus which creates it. On the other hand, the properties of surfaces that give rise to color do not seem to change greatly under a wide variety of illumination colors, usually (but not always) looking much the same in artificial light as in daylight. Both of these effects seem to be due in large part to the mechanism of color adaptation mentioned earlier. When the eye is fixed on a colored area, there is an immediate readjustment of the sensitivity of the eye to color in and around the area viewed. This readjustment does not immediately affect the color seen but usually does affect the next area to which the gaze is shifted. The longer the time of viewing, the higher the intensity, and the larger the area, the greater the effect will be in terms of its persistence in the succeeding viewing situation. As indicated by the work of Wright and Schouten, it appears that, at least for a first approximation, full adaptation takes place over a very brief time if the adapting source is moderately bright and the eye has been in relative darkness just previously. As the stimulus is allowed to act, however, the effect becomes more persistent in the sense that it takes the eye longer to regain its sensitivity to lower intensities. The net result is that, if the eye is so exposed and then the gaze is transferred to an area of lower intensity, the loss of sensitivity produced by the first area will still be present and appear as an “afterimage” superimposed on the second. The effect not only is present over the actual area causing the “local adaptation” but also spreads with decreasing strength to adjoining areas of the eye to produce “lateral adaptation.” Also, because of the persistence of the effect if the eye is shifted around from one object to another, all of which are at similar brightness or have similar colors, the adaptation will tend to become uniform over the whole eye.

133． This selection is concerned primarily with ______. A．the adaptation of the eye to color B．the color of colors

C．the properties of colored surfaces

D．the effect of changes in color intensity

正确答案：A

134． Whether a colored object would, on two viewings separated in time, appear to the viewer as similar or different would depend mostly on ______.

A．the color mechanism of the eye in use at the time of each viewing B．what kind of viewing had immediately preceded each of the viewings C．the properties of the surfaces viewed

D．the individual’s power of lateral adaptation

正确答案：B

135． If a person’s eye has been looking at an object in bright sunlight for some time, and then shifts to an object not well lit--such as a lawn or shrub in shadow--we can expect ______.

A．a time lag in the focusing ability of the eye B．some inability to see colors of the latter-named objects until loss of sensitivity has been regained

C．the immediate loss of the “afterimage” of the first object D．adaptation in the central area of the eye but little adaptation in the lateral areas to the new intensity level

正确答案：B

136． The present selection has apparently been preceded by some explanation of ______.

A．some experiments with color pigments B．the nature of color

C．the color properties of various surfaces

D．the mechanism of the eye’s adaptation to color

正确答案：D

To get from Kathmandu to the tiny village in Nepal, Dave Irvine-Halliday spent more than two days. When he arrived, he found villagers working and reading around battery-powered lamps equipped with light-emitting diodes, or LEDs — the same lamps he had left there in 2000. Irvine-Halliday, an American photonics

engineer, was not surprised. He chose to use LED bulbs because they are rugged, portable, long-lived, and extremely efficient Each of his lamps produces a useful a-mount of illumination from just one watt of power. Villagers use them about four hours each night, then top off the battery by pedaling a generator for half an hour. The cool, steady beam is a huge improvement over lamps still common in developing Countries. In fact, LEDs have big advantages over familiar incandescent (白炽的) lights as well — so much so that Irvine-Halliday expects LEDs will eventually take over from Thomas Edison’s old lightbulb as the world’s main source of artificial illumination. The dawn of LEDs began about 40 years ago, but early LEDs produced red or green glows suitable mainly for displays in digital clocks and calculators. A decade ago, engineers invented a semiconductor crystal made of an aluminum compound that produced a much brighter red light Around the same time, a Japanese engineer developed the first practical blue LED. This small advance had a huge impact because blue, green, and red LEDs can be combined to create most of the colors of the rainbow, just as that in a color television picture. These days, high-intensity color LEDs are showing up everywhere such as the traffic lights. The reasons for the rapid switchover are simple. Incandescent bulbs have to be replaced annually, but LED traffic lights should last five to yen years. LEDs also use 80 to 90 percent less electricity than the conventional signals they replace. Collectively, the new traffic lights save at least 400 .million kilowatt-hours a year in the United States. Much bigger savings await if LEDs can supplant Mr. Edison’s bulb at the office and in the living room. Creating a white-light LED that is energy-saving, cheap and appealing has proved a tough engineering challenge. But all the major lightbulb makers — including General Electric, Philips, and Osram-Sylvania — are teaming up with semiconductor manufacturers to make it happen.

137． From the first paragraph, we can see that Dave Irvine-Halliday________. A．is a mountain climber

B．went to that village to repair the lamps

C．found the villagers were using the lamps he had given them D．has visited the small village several times

正确答案：C

解析：文章第1段说，当哈利德到达尼泊尔遥远的小村庄时，他发现村民们正用他留给他们的发光二极管的灯来工作和学习。

138． The author implies that villagers liked LED bulbs very much, because they________.

A．were given by Irvine-Halliday B．are rugged C．are cheap

D．are easily-recharged

正确答案：D

解析：这是一道引申判断题。第2段提到，村民们每晚用电4个小时，然后用脚踏的方式来给电池充电。可以想象，在一个遥远的小村庄，这可能是最理想的充电方式了。

139． What does Irvine-Halliday think of LEDs? A．They are cool and steady, but rugged.

B．They will replace Edison’s lightbulbs someday. C．They are easily maintained. D．They are very cheap.

正确答案：B

解析：第2段接着说，发光二极管比爱迪生的白炽灯具有更大的优越性，所以哈利德期待它能取代白炽灯成为世界的主要人造光源。

140． Which of the following statements does not agree with the facts in the passage?

A．The displays in digital clocks and calculators are just produced by early LEDs.

B．Irvine-Halliday believes that LED will certainly become the world’s main source of artificial light

C．A decade ago, engineers developed red and blue LEDs, which were regarded as a mile-stone in this research.

D．It is the blue LED developed by a Japanese engineer that had a great impact on the research process.

正确答案：C

解析：这是一道事实寻读题.第3段说，10年前一位日本工程师研制出了蓝色发光二极管，这个小小的进展具有极大的影响，因为红、绿、蓝是组成彩虹的主要颜色。

141． The passage implies that________. A．LED bulbs are still expensive at present

B．the task of making LED the main source of artificial light is too difficult C．LED traffic lights are used everywhere in the world

D．in order to fulfill the task of making LED the main light source, lightbulb makers have to work together with semiconductor manufacturers

正确答案：A

解析：这道题需要分析判断。最后一段说，研制出节能，廉价，美观的白色发光二极管是一个艰巨的挑战。再联想到文章前面提到，美国的交通指示灯换上了节能耐用的二极管，而发展中国家还都用白炽灯。那么新能源的症结就是不廉价, 这一判断与选项A相符。

For someone whose life has been shattered, Hiroshi Shimizu is remarkably calm. In a cramped Tokyo law office, the subdued, bitter man in his 30s——using an assumed name for the interview relates how he became infected with the HIV virus from tainted blood products sold by Japanese hospitals to hemophiliacs during the mid-1980s. “I was raped,”says Shimizu. “I never thought doctors would give me bad medicine.” Last year, Shimizu was shocked when a doctor newly transferred to his hospital broke the news. Four years earlier, he had asked his previous doctor if he could safely marry. “He told me: ‘There’s absolutely no problem,’ even though he knew [I was infected] ,” Shimizu says. “I could have passed it to my wife.” Luckily, he hasn’t. Shimizu is one of more than 2,000 hemophiliacs and their loved ones infected with the deadly virus before heat-treated blood products became available in Japan. It’s a tragedy——and now it’s a national scandal. In recent weeks, the country has been rocked by charges that Japanese drug and hospital companies kept selling tainted blood even after the AIDS threat was proved beyond a shadow of a doubt. Even worse is the charge that the Japanese government knowingly allowed this dangerous practice as part of a policy to protect domestic companies from foreign competition. Japan’s bureaucrats are already under attack for their role in the banking fiasco. As the AIDS scandal unfolds, Japanese confidence in government could erode even further. Big settlements in a related lawsuit may also set a precedent in other AIDS liability cases around the world. The origins of the tragedy go back to 1983. By then, scientists were closing in on the virus that causes AIDS, and U.S. health authorities mandated that all blood products be heat-treated to protect hemophiliacs and patients from infection. Japanese authorities were concerned as well: the Health & Welfare Ministry formed an AIDS study group headed by the country’s foremost hemophilia expert, Dr. Takeshi Abe. RAIN AND SLEET. What happened next has only just been revealed, thanks to an investigation by new Health Minister Naoto Kan. According to investigators, the ministry group on July 4, 1983, recommended banning untreated blood imports. Since no heat-treated products were then available from Japanese companies, the group also advised allowing emergency imports of beat-treated blood from companies such as U.S. drag giant Baxter International Inc. But a week later, the recommendation was reversed. According to memos recovered from the records of Atsuaki Gunji, then head of the ministry’s Biological & antibiotics Div., the recommendation was overturned because it would “deal a blow” to domestic companies. Japan’s marketers of blood products bought imports of untreated blood——and they did not have their heat-treatment processes yet. The ministry insisted that Baxter conduct two years of clinical testing in Japan before it used its new heat treatment there. Domestic drug companies, led by Osaka-based Green Cross Ltd. rushed to develop their own treatment processes. Meanwhile, Baxter and other foreign companies that already sold untreated blood products in Japan had to continue the practice if they wanted to stay in the market. The recent revelations have sparked some startling events in a country where discussion of AIDS is still largely taboo. In February, health Minister Kan made front-page news when he officially apologized to HIV-infected hemophiliacs and families who had staged a 72-house vigil in rain and sleet outside the ministry.

142． One of the interviewees mentioned in the passage ______. A．was around thirty odd with his pseudonym

B．was called Hiroshi Shimizu who was roped by the doctor

C．was an infuriated, clamorous adolescent who got married four years ago

D．was a greatly upset young man who got his blood transfusion about ten years ago

正确答案：A

解析：文章第一段”bitter man in his 30s——using an assumed name for the interview”可知A正确；B项不对，Shimizu并非被他的医生强奸，而只是他用以表示自己愤怒的说法；C项与原文不符，Shimizu并非青少年；D项“upset”不对，因为文中说他是”remarkably calm”。

143． The passage mentioned that Shimizu A．belongs to Japan’s 2,000 hemophiliacs whose loved ones are infected with the deadly virus

B．got married with the doctor’s permission because he was not infected in a serious way

C．married his wife half a decade ago as he was ignorant of his problem D．caused his wife to get infected with the same deadly virus

正确答案：C

解析：Shimizu的妻子并未感染病毒，所以A，D都不正确。Shimizu在结婚时已经感染了病毒，所以B项也不正确，根据文章第二段可知应选C。

144． It can be inferred from the passage that tainted blood products are ______. A．beat-treated blood products used in the mid-1980s

B．heat-treated blood products imported from U.S. drug giant Baxter International Inc

C．untreated blood products which caused infection among hemophiliacs in Japan

D．untreated blood products produced by Baxter and some other foreign companies

正确答案：C

解析：根据文章可知，被感染的血液是未经处理的，所以A，B皆不正确；而文中提到，日本本国的公司也生产未经热处理的血液，所以被感染的血液并不一定是由外国公司生产的，D项也不正确。

145． The incident mentioned in the passage originated as early as 1983 when ______.

A．the virus which causes AIDS were about to be discovered

B．the Japanese companies were permitted to import untreated blood products from U.S

C．the Japanese government’s bureaucrats were severely attacked

D．the Japanese Health and Welfare Ministry adhered to the policy that no untreated blood should be imported from abroad

正确答案：D

解析：文章第4至5段明确指出了答案。

146． Japanese drag and hospital companies kept selling tainted blood ______. A．at the time when Japanese government required that untreated blood was forbidden to be imported from abroad

B．when it was sure HIV virus was a great threat to human beings

C．because there was an emergent need for blood in treating hemophiliacs

D．as tile Health and Welfare ministry made an unanimous recommendation on the imports of blood products

正确答案：D

解析：A项错误；因为日本政府最终并未接受禁止进口的建议；B，C项在文中都未提到；只有D项符合原文。

In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child’s acquisition(学会) of each new skill, the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself. Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters. Others are sever over times of coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general , the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child’s own happiness. As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality(道德). Also, parents should realize that “example is better than precept”. If they are not sincere and do not practise what they preach (说教), their children may grow confused, and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled. A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents’ principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.

147． Eagerly watching the child’s acquisition of new skills ____. A．should be avoided

B．is universal among parents

C．sets up dangerous states of worry in the child D．will make him lose interest in learning new things

正确答案：B

解析：依据文章第一段第一行，这种做法在父母中是普及的。C和D项具有一定的干扰。C项是由第一段第 4行引起的；而D项是由第七行而引起的，C、D均不符合题意。

148． In the process of children’s learning new skills parents____.

A．should encourage them to read before they know the meaning of the words they read

B．should not expect too much of them C．should achieve a balance between pushing them too hard and leaving them on their own

D．should create as many learning opportunities as possible

正确答案：C

解析：文章第一段第三行说明父母逼得太过分，应避免。文章第一段第六行说明对小孩太放任自由同样不利。根据这两方面，父母对孩子的“严”和“松”之间应有一个恰当的度(平衡)。

149． The second paragraph mainly tells us that_____. A．parents should be strict with their children

B．parental controls reflect only the needs of the parents and the values of the community

C．parental restrictions vary, and are not always enforced for the benefit of the children alone

D．parents vary in their strictness towards their children according to the situation

正确答案：C

解析：根据文章第二段的大意。选择项A、D本段并无涉及。B项不全面，均应排除。

150． The word “precept”(Line 3, Para. 3) probably means “_____”. A．idea

B．punishment C．behaviour D．instruction

正确答案：D

解析：本题四个选项的意思分别是：A项“观点”；B项“惩罚”；C项“行为”；D项“说教”。依据文章第三段第三行可以猜测，“precept”应是和”example”相对的词意。

151． In moral matters, parents should_____. A．observe the rules themselves

B．be aware of the marked difference between adults and children C．forbid things which have no foundation in morality D．consistently ensure the security of their children

正确答案：A

解析：依据文章第三段第四行。再依据文章最后一段可以得出结论：关于道德教育问题，父母应该以身作则，带头遵循。

152． The attitude of the author to the strict requirement to the child is____. A．Objective B．Critical C．Neutral D．Positive

正确答案：B

解析：从第一段可以看出，作者在这里是反对过早对孩子进行超前教育的。

Linguists have understood for decades that language and thought are closely related. Humans construct reality using thought and express these thoughts through the use of language. Edward Sapir and his student Benjamin Whorl are credited with developing the most relevant explanation outlining the relationship between thought and language, the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis. The hypothesis consists of two parts, linguistic relativity and linguistic determinism. Supporters of linguistic relativity assume that culture is shaped by language. Terwilliger defines linguistic determinism as the process by which “the functions of one’s mind are determined by the nature of the language which one speaks.” In simpler terms, the thoughts that we construct are based upon the language that we speak and the words that we use. In its strongest sense, linguistic determinism can be interpreted as meaning that language determines thought. In its weakest sense, language partially influences thought. Whorl was careful to avoid authoritative statements which would permanently commit him to particular position. Because of the broad nature of his statements, it is difficult to distinguish exactly to what extent Whorf believes that language determines thought. Heated debate among modern linguists demonstrates that disagreement exists about the accuracy and correctness of Whorf’s studies and of the actual level of influence of language on thought processes. The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis essentially consists of two distinct statements connecting the relation of thought and language. Whorl believes that humans may be able to think only about objects, processes, and conditions that have language associated with them. The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis also

explains the relationship between different languages (French, English, German, Chinese, and so on) and thought. Whorl demonstrated that culture is largely determined by language. Different cultures perceive the world in different ways. Culturally essential objects, conditions and processes usually are defined by a plethora of words, while things that cultures perceive as unimportant are usually assigned one or two words. Whorl developed this theory while studying the Hopi Indian tribe. Whorl was amazed that the Hopi language has no words for past, present, and future. The Hopi have only one word for flying objects. A dragonfly, an airplane, and a pilot are defined using the same word. Whorf questioned whether or not the Hopi view the world differently than western people. After further interpretation and analysis he concluded that the Hopi have a sense for the continuum of time despite having no words, to specifically describe past, present, and future. It is commonly believed that the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis possesses some truth, but the extent to which it is applicable to all situations is questioned. Linguists generally support a “strong” or a “weak” interpretation. Linguists who study the hypothesis tend to cite examples that support their beliefs but are unable or unwilling to refute the opposing arguments. Examples exist that strengthen the arguments of everyone who studies the hypothesis. Nobody has gained significant ground in proving or refuting the hypothesis because the definitions of Sapir and Whorl are very vague and incomplete, leaving room for a significant amount of interpretation.

153． Advocates of linguistic determinism insist that ______.

A．the realities constructed through different languages are different B．language and thought are intimately related to each other

C．culture is shaped by language through which it expresses itself D．both the culture and the mind determine the language to be used

正确答案：A

154． Whorl himself tends to hold that ______. A．culture is shaped by language B．language determines thought

C．language partially influences thought D．thoughts are based on language

正确答案：D

155． According to the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, if a culture has more expressions for certain concepts, it shows that ______.

A．these concepts are more important than others B．the culture is very much advanced and civilized C．other concepts will be perceived as unimportant D．these expressions developed earlier in the language

正确答案：A

156． Which of the following criticisms is often made of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis?

A．It has no empirical evidence in its favor.

B．It is formulated on the basis of only one case study. C．Its applicability has been greatly exaggerated.

D．No convincing examples can be found to support its claim.

正确答案：C

157． Towards the hypothesis, the author’s attitude seems to be ______. A．supportive B．objective C．suspicious D．critical

正确答案：B

Standing on the rim of the Grand Canyon,gazing across this giant wound in the Earth’s surface,a visitor might assume that the canyon had seen caused by some ancient convulsion. In fact the events that produced the canyon,far from being sudden and cataclysmic,simply add up to the slow and orderly process of erosion. Many millions of years ago the Colorado Plateau in the Grand Canyon area contained 10,000 more feet of rock than it does today and was relatively level. The additional material consisted of some 14 lay-ered formations of rock. In the Grand Canyon region these layers were largely worn away over the course of millions of years. Approximately 65 million years ago the plateau’s flat surface in the Grand Canyon area bulged upward from internal pressure;geologists refer to his bulging action as upwarping; it was followed by a general elevation of the whole Colorado Plateau,a process that is still going on. As the plateau gradually rose,shallow rivers that meandered across it began to run more swiftly and cut more definite courses. One of these rivers,located east of the upwarp.was the ancestor of the Colorado. Another river system called the Hualapai,flowing west of the upwarp,extended itself eastward by cutting back into the upwarp; it eventually connected with the ancient Colorado and captured its waters. The new river then began to carve out the 277-mile-long trench that eventually became the Grand Canyon. Geologists estimate that this initial cutting action began no earlier than 10 million years go. Since then,the canyon forming has been cumulative. To the corrosive force of the river itself have been added other factors. Heat and cold,rain and snow,along with the varying resistance of the rocks increase the opportunities for erosion. The canyon walls crumble;the river acquires a cutting tool,tons of debris, rainfall running off the high plateau creates feeder streams that carve side canyons. Pushing slowly backward into the plateau,the side canyons

expose new rocks,and the pattern of erosion continues.

158． What does the passage mainly discuss?

A．Patterns of erosion in different mountain ranges. B．Forces that made the Grand Canyon.

C．The increasing pollution of the Grand Canyon. D．The sudden appearance of the Grand Canyon.

正确答案：B 解析：题目问：文章主要讨论什么内容?第一段最后一句“In fact the events that produced the canyon，farfrom being sudden and cataclysmic，simply add up to the slow and orderly process of erosion．”通过这段话可知，大峡谷的形成，绝对不是突然之间就完成的，而是在缓慢和有秩序的侵蚀过程中造就的。据此判断，应选择B。

159． According to the passage,the first phenomenon to contribute to the formation of the Grand Canyon was____.

A．a series of volcanic eruptions

B．the collapse of rock formations in the Colorado Plateau

C．a succession of floods from the Hualapai River and what is now the Colorado River

D．the Earth’s internal pressure lifting the Colorado Plateau region

正确答案：D

解析：题目问：为大峡谷形成做出贡献的第一个现象是什么?第三段第一句“Approximately 65 millionyears ago the plateau’s flat surface in the Grand Canyon area bulged upward from internal pressure；geologists refer to his bulging action as upwarping；it was followed by a general elevation of the whole Colorado Plateau，a process that is still going on．”通过这段话可知，大约6500万年前，大峡谷高地受地球内部压力的影响而凸起，此过程从未停止过。据此判断，应选择D。

160． Which of the following conclusion about the Grand Canyon can be drawn from the passage?

A．Its contours are constantly changing.

B．It contains approximately 14 million tons of rock. C．Its eruptions have increased in recent years. D．It is being eroded by toxic waste and pollutants.

正确答案：A

解析：题目问：从文章中可以提炼出以下哪项结论?第四段第一句“Since then，the canyon forming has been cumulative．”通过这段话可知，促使大峡谷变化的因素有很多：地球内部力量、腐蚀力、天气冷热、雨雪以及岩石抗力等，这些因素共同促使大峡谷不断变化。据此判断，应选择A。

161． The passage would most likely be found in a textbook on which of the following subjects?

A．Astronomy B．Botany C．Geology D．Chemistry

正确答案：C

解析：题目问：该文章可以再下列哪门科目中发现?文章内容主要向我们介绍了美国大峡谷的形成过程，通过一些词汇，如：“the Each’s surface，geologists，The canyon walls”等，可以判断这篇文章应出自一本地理教科书。据此判断，应选择C。

The man who invented Coca-Cola was not a native Atlantan, but on the day of his funeral every drugstore in town testimonially shut up shop. He was John Styth Pemberton, born in 1833 in Knoxville, Georgia, eighty miles away. Sometimes known as Doctor, Pemberton was a pharmacist who, during the Civil War, led a cavalry troop under General Joe Wheeler. He settled in Atlanta in 1869, and soon began brewing such patent medicines as Triplex Liver Pills and Globe of Flower Cough Syrup. In 1885, he registered a trademark for something called French Wine Coca—Ideal Nerve and Tonic Stimulant; a few months later he formed the Pemherton Chemical Company, and recruited the services of a bookkeeper named Frank M. Robinson, who not only had a good head for figures but, attached to it, so exceptional a nose that he could audit the composition of a batch of syrup merely by sniffling it. In 1886, a year in which, as contemporary Coca-Cola officials like to point out, Conan Doyle unveiled Sherlock Holmes and France unveiled the Statue of Liberty-Pemberton unveiled a syrup that he called Coca-Cola. It was a modification of his French Wine Coca. He had taken out the wine and added a pinch of caffeine, and, when the end product tasted awful, had thrown in some extract of cola nut and a few other oils, blending the mixture in a three-legged iron pot in his back yard and swishing it around with an oar. He distributed it to soda fountains in used beer bottles, and Robinson, with his flowing bookkeeper’s script, presently devised a label, on which “Coca-Cola” was written in the fashion that is still employed. Pemberton looked upon his mixture less as a refreshment than as a headache cure, especially for people whose headache could be traced to over-indulgence. On a morning late in 1886, one such victim of the night before dragged himself into an Atlanta drugstore and asked for a dollop of Coca-Cola. Druggists customarily stirred a teaspoonful of syrup into a glass of water, but in this instance the man on duty was too lazy to walk to the fresh-water tap, a couple of feet off. Instead, he mixed the syrup with some soda water, which was closer at hand. The suffering customer perked up almost at once, and word quickly spread that the best Coca-Cola was a fizzy one.

162． What does the passage tell us about John Styth Pemberton? A．He was highly respected by Atlantans. B．He ran a drug store that also sells wine. C．He had been a doctor until the Civil War. D．He made a lot of money with his pharmacy.

正确答案：A

163． Which of the following was unique to Frank M. Robinson, working with the Pemberton’s Company?

A．Skills to make French wine. B．Talent for drawing pictures. C．An acute sense of smell.

D．Ability to work with numbers.

正确答案：C

164． Why was the year 1886 so special to Pemberton? A．He took to doing a job like Sherlock Holmes’s. B．He brought a quite profitable product into being.

C．He observed the founding ceremony of Statue of Liberty. D．He was awarded by Coca-Cola for his contribution.

正确答案：B

165． One modification made of French Wine Coca formula was ______. A．used beer bottles were chosen as containers B．the amount of caffeine in it was increased C．it was blended with oils instead of water D．Cola nut extract was added to taste

正确答案：D

166． According to the passage, Coca-cola was in the first place prepared especially for ______.

A．the young as a soft drink

B．a replacement of French Wine Coca C．the relief of a hangover

D．a cure for the common headache

正确答案：C

167． The last paragraph mainly tells ______. A．the complaint against the lazy shop-assistant

B．a real test of Coca-Cola as a headache cure C．the mediocre service of the drugstore

D．a happy accident that gave birth to Coca-Cola

正确答案：D

It happened in the late fall of 1939 when,after a Nazi submarine had penetrated the British sea defense around the Firth of Forth and damaged a British cruiser, Reston and a colleague contrived to get the news past British censorship. They cabled a series of seemingly harmless sentences to the Times editors in New York,having first sent a message instructing the editors to regard only the last word of each sen-tence. Thus they were able to convey enough words to spell out the story. The fact that the news of the submarine attack was printed in New York before it had appeared in the British press sparked a big con-troversy that led to an investigation by Scotland Yard and British Military Intelligence. But it took the inves-tigators eight weeks to decipher the Times reporters’ code, an embarrassingly slow bit of detective work,and when it was finally solved the incident had died and little was done about it. The Times editors in New York,though they had given the story very prominent play, later expressed dismay that the reporters had risked so much for so little;and the incident left Reston deeply distressed. It was so out of character for him to have become involved in such a thing. The tactics were questionable and,though the United States was not yet in the war,Britain was already established as America’s close ally and breaking British cen-sorship seemed both an irresponsible and unpatriotic thing to do.

168． The episode recounted in the passage took place_____. A．just prior to the outbreak of the Second World War B．before Britain entered the Second World War

C．before the United States entered the Second World War D．while the United States was in the Second World War

正确答案：C

解析：题目问：文章所叙述的小插曲发生在什么时候?最后一句“The tactics were questionable and，though the United States was not yet in the war，Britain was already established as America’s closeally and breaking British censorship seemed both an irresponsible and unpatriotic thing to do．”通过这段话可知，1939年，当时的美国还没有公开参与到第二次世界大战中。据此判断，应选择C。

169． It was clear that British censorship rules had been broken because the story was_____.

A．first published in New York

B．published nowhere but in the Times C．uncomplimentary to the British

D．much fuller in its times version than elsewhere

正确答案：A 解析：题目问：为什么说英国的检查规则已经被打破?第四句“The fact that the news of the submarineattack was printed in New York before it had appeared in the British press sparked a big controversythat led to an investigation by Scotland Yard and British Military Intelligence．”通过这段话可知，英国巡洋舰遭受德军重创的消息先在美国公布，而不是在英国。据此判断，应选择A。

170． According to the author,the British did little about the story’s publication mainly because____.

A．everyone responsible had apologized for what had happened

B．it took the authorities too long to figure out how the censors had been outwitted

C．Scotland Yard and British Military Intelligence disagreed about who was at fault

D．they were afraid to admit that the censors had been so easily fooled

正确答案：B

解析：题目问：作者为什么认为英国对该出版物知道的太少?第五句“But it took the investigators eightweeks to decipher the Times reporters’code，an embarrassingly slow bit of detective work，and when itwas finally solved the incident had died and little was done about it．”通过这段话可知，英国当局对此次事件进行调查，但他们花费了太长的时间才得出想要的答案。据此判断，应选择B。

171． The passage indicates that eventually everyone involved came to regard the publication of the story in the Times as a_____.

A．regrettable error

B．cheap journalistic trick

C．brilliant journalistic maneuver

D．proper exercise of the freedom of the press

正确答案：A

解析：题目考查大家最终对此事件的评价。“The Times editors in New York，though they had given thestory very prominent play，later expressed dismay that the reporters had risked so much for so little；and the incident left Reston deeply distressed．It was so out of character for him to have become involved in such a thing．”通过这段话可知，此消息虽然有很轰动的效果，但事后表明，冒如此大的风险，对于两位记者以及《纽约时报》来讲，都是不划算的。据此判断，应选择A。

In a purely biological sense, fear begins with the body’s system for reacting to things that can harm us — the so-called fight-or-flight response. “An animal that can’t detect danger can’t stay alive, “says Joseph Le-Doux. Like animals, humans

evolved with an elaborate mechanism for processing information about potential threats. At its core is a cluster of neurons(神经元) deep in the brain known as the amygdala(扁桃棱). LeDoux studies the way animals and humans respond to threats to understand how we form memories of significant events in our lives. The amygdala receives input from many parts of the brain, including regions responsible for retrieving memories. Using this information, the amygdala appraises a situation — I think this charging dog wants to bite me — and triggers a response by radiating nerve signals throughout the body. These signals produce the familiar signs of distress; trembling, perspiration and fast — moving feet Just to name three. This fear mechanism is critical to the survival of all animals, but no one can say for sure whether beasts other than humans know they’re afraid. That is all LeDoux says, “if you put that system into a brain that has consciousness, then you get the feeling of fear. “ Humans, says Edward M. Hallowell, have the ability to call up images of bad things that happened in the past and to anticipate future events. Combine these higher thought processes with our hardwired danger-detection systems, and you get a near-universal human phenomenon:worry. That’s not necessarily a bad thing, says Hallowell. “When used properly, worry is an incredible device, “he says. After all, a little healthy worrying is okay if it leads to constructive action — like having a doctor look at that weird spot on your back. Hallowell insists, though, that there’s a right way to worry. “Never do it alone, get the facts and then make a plan. “ he says. Most of us have survived a recession, so we’re familiar with the belt-tightening strategies needed to survive a slump. Unfortunately, few of us have much experience dealing with the threat of terrorism, so it’s been difficult to get facts about how we should respond. That’s why Hallowell believes it was okay for people to indulge some extreme worries last fall by asking doctors for Cipro(抗炭疽茵的药物)and buying gas masks.

172． The “so-called fight-or-flight response” (Line 2, Para 1) refers to “______”.

A．the biological process in which human beings’ sense of self-defense evolves B．the instinctive fear human beings feel when faced with potential danger C．the act of evaluating a dangerous situation and making a quick decision D．the elaborate mechanism in the human brain for retrieving information

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查“文中第一段第二行中的‘so-called fight-or-flight response’的意思”。短文在第一段中提到“In a purely biological sense，fear begins with the body’s system for reacting to things that canharm us…”(从纯生物的角度来说，恐惧始于人体对可能伤害我们的东西做出的反应)，即“so—called fight-or-flight response”(所谓打或跑反应)。也就是说，“so-called fight-or-flight response”就是指身体这种对可能伤害我们的东西做出的打得了就打，打不了就跑的反应，因此C“评估危险情况并迅速做出决定的举动”正确。

173． From the studies conducted by LeDoux we learn that______.

A．reactions of humans and animals to dangerous situations are often unpredictable

B．memories of significant events enable people to control fear and distress C．people’s unpleasant memories are derived from their feelings of fear

D．the amygdala plays a vital part in human and animal responses to potential danger

正确答案：D

解析：本题考查细节，问“LeDoux研究表明了什么”。短文第二段分析了LeDoux的研究，指出了扁桃核在回应潜在危险时的功能：“The amygdala receives input from many parts of the brain，…appraises a situation…”(扁桃核接受从大脑很多部位发出的信息，并对情况做出评估)。在第三段又指出“…This fear mechanism is critical to the survival of all animals，…”即这种恐惧的机制对所有动物的生存起关键作用，此处的恐惧机制指的就是第二段提到的扁桃核的功能。因此。LeDoux的研究说明了“扁桃核在人和动物对潜在危险的反应中起着关键作用”，故选D。

174． From the passage we know that______.

A．a little worry will do us good if handled properly B．a little worry will enable us to survive a recession C．fear strengthens the human desire to survive danger D．fear helps people to anticipate certain future events

正确答案：A

解析：本题是推理题，问“从文中可以获得什么结论”。短文第五段指出“‘When used properly，worryis an incredible device，’he says．”也就是说若加以合理使用，焦虑并非坏事。由此可知，A”若能适当处理，适量焦虑能给我们带来好处”正确。

175． Which of the following is the best way to deal with your worries according to Hallowell’

A．Ask for help from the people around you.

B．Use the belt — tightening strategies for survival. C．Seek professional advice and take action.

D．Understand the situation and be fully prepared.

正确答案：D

解析：本题属细节题，问“Hallowell认为处理焦虑的最好途径是什么”。短文在第六段中提到了Hallowell对此的看法：“‘Never do it alone，get the facts and then make a plan，’he says．”即Hallowell认为不要只是沉浸在焦虑中，而要获得事实并制定计划。也就是说“要了解情况并做好充分准备”，故选D。

176． In Hallowell’s view, people’s reaction to the terrorist threat last fall

was______.

A．ridiculous B．over-cautious C．understandable D．sensible

正确答案：C

解析：本题问“Hallowell如何看待人们对去年秋天恐怖主义威胁的反应”。短文在第七段中指出“Unfortunately，few of us have much experience dealing with the threat of terrorism．so it’s been difficultto get facts about how we should respond．That’s why Hallowell believes it was okay for people to in—dulge some extreme worries lat fall…”也就是说因为人们几乎没有处理恐怖袭击的经验，所以很难处理此事，这也就是为什么Hallowell认为如果人们因此沉浸于极度焦虑中也是正常的。由此可以看出Hallowell认为人们对恐怖袭击的反应是“可以理解的”，故选C。

According to one survey of 12,000 people, about 30 percent of those making New Year’s resolutions say they don’t even keep them into February. And only about 1 in 5 actually stays on track for six months or more, reports ediets. com, a consumer diet and fitness Web site. But don’t let those odds make you reach for the nearest bag of potato chips. Experts say you can keep those resolutions long term, even if you’re struggling now. “The motivation comes from within, and so when you find that you’re declining in your healthy eating program, and then just ask yourself, ‘Is this going to get me the results that I want? ‘ “, says Leslie Stewart, a registered dietitian and licensed nutritionist. “And if you’re doing something every day to eat healthy, then that’s going to pay off in the long run.” Stewart advises to use what she calls the 90-10 eating rule. “If you’re eating healthy 90 percent of the time, then 10 percent of the time, you can cut yourself some slack and eat pleasurably.” She says she believes that “healthy eating is evolution instead of resolution”. The same principle can be applied to a lagging exercise resolution, too. Staying motivated is key to long-term success, and reviewing original goals can help strengthen a weakening workout program. Adding variety to a fitness regime also can prevent you from hanging up those exercise shoes. After a few weeks of well-intentioned workouts, boredom may be creeping you’re your routine. Setting goals too high is another common mistake. If you’re not running a marathon at the end of the month, don’t worry, say Mayo Clinic experts. A too intense workout—and the resulting pain and stiffness—is discouraging and may force most to abandon a program. Starting slowly is key. But if your goals already have fallen by the wayside, Uria says to start up again immediately. “A little setback is OK; get back on the horse and ride…drive toward that goal,” he says.

177． According to the author, only about 20% people keeping their resolutions does not necessarily mean that_____.

A．the figure is rather depressing and unexpected as well

B．those who have made their resolution should give up their effort C．whoever keep their resolutions should start eating potato chips D．long-term resolutions are not important for those facing troubles

正确答案：D

解析：推理题。本题题干信息出现在第一段，但是要解此题，必须了解全文的主要内容。文章为那些想成功地坚持长期减肥方案。却又苦于无法实现的人提出了几种建议，所以正确答案是D选项。

178． What is the idea behind the 90-10 eating rule according to the passage? A．You should keep eating healthy 90% of the time. B．You should feel free to eat 10% of the time. C．You should learn to eat healthy gradually.

D．Sudden change will be more efficient and effective.

正确答案：C 解析：推理题。题干的信息出现在文章的第六段。紧接着第七段提到“She says she believes that‘healthyeating is evolution instead of resolution’．”可见作者的意思是说健康的饮食习惯是逐渐养成的，“evolution”本来是“进化”的意思，在这里是“指逐步发展”的意思，所以正确答案是C选项。A、B选项是“90-10 eatingrule”的字面意思，不是隐含意义，D选项与文章的意思正好相反。

179． Which of the following you should avoid to keep yourself interested in exercise?

A．Hanging up your exercise shoes if you feel tired. B．Keeping boredom away from your daily activity. C．Making a schedule with too high goals in it.

D．Running a marathon at the beginning of the month.

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。本题的解题点在第十一段。题目问：为了保持你对运动的兴趣，你应该避免出现以下哪一种情况?A、D选项都是作者为了说明问题举出的例子，不具有概括性，首先排除。B选项是说应该使你的日常活动变得有意思，而题目问的是应该避免出现什么情况，所以B选项也不正确，只有C选项是正确的，在第十一段的开头可以找到相应的信息点。

180． How many suggestions at least have been introduced concerning the exercise resolution?

A．Four B．Five C．Six D．Seven

正确答案：A

解析：题目问：作者针对运动健美方案至少提出了几项建议?在阅读文章时会发现出现“exercise resolution”是在第八段至第十一段，作者曾提出的建议有：①The same principle can be applied to a lagging exercise resolution，too．②Staying motivated is key to long-term success，and reviewing original goals can help strengthen a weakening workout program．③Adding variety to a fitness regime also can prevent you from hanging up those exercise shoes．④Setting goals too high is another common mistake．所以正确答案是A选项。

181． What is critically important in making long-term resolutions successful? A．You should be struggling with yourself all the time. B．You should constantly evaluate the results you want. C．You should try to keep yourself motivated.

D．You should try your best to diversify your fitness practice.

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。题目中的“critically important”就是“极其重要”的意思，文章曾在第九段开头提到保持减肥的热情是成功地坚持减肥方案的关键性因素，所以正确答案是C选项。D选项是说使减肥计划多样化是一种有效的方法，概况得不全面，所以是不正确的。

During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months. In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect family risk has risen as well. Today’s families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback — a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This “ added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can not longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise — stay-at-home partner. During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a savings-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen — and newly fashionable health-savings

plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new does of investment risk for families’ future healthcare. Even demographics are working against the middle class family , as the odds of having a weak elderly parent — and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance have jumped eightfold in just one generation. From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.

182． Today’s double-income families are at greater financial risk in that________

A．the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared. B．their chances of being laid off have greatly increased. C．they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics. D．they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.

正确答案：C

解析：此题为细节题。题目问：今天双收入家庭面临更大的经济危险，因为什么?第2段的第2句话提到“but few have looked at the side effect family risk has risen as well．”后面对此句话进行了解释，总结这些解释就是这个问题的答案。主要的两个对应句子就是第2段的第3句“Today’sfamilies have budgeted to the limits of…”和最后一句“But today，a disruption to…”选项C的意思是他们在家庭经济有困难时就很脆弱，与原文相符，所以是正确答案。A、B、D在原文中没有 提及。

183． As a result of President Bush’s reform, retired people may have________ A．a higher sense of security. B．less secured payments. C．less chance to invest D．a guaranteed future.

正确答案：B 解析：此题为细节题。对应原文的第3段的第3句话的“all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns．”也就是说所有担保支付额由投资的回报率决定，这样担保的支付额是变得的，与选项B担保支付额变少是一个意思，而且guaranteed payments与secured payments同一个意思，都可翻译成担保支付额。A、D选项与文章中的意思相反，可以直接排除；文中虽然提及投资，但是并没有讨论投资机会的多少，所以可排除C选项。

184． According go the author, health-savings plans will________ A．help reduce the cost of healthcare.

B．popularize among the middle class. C．compensate for the reduced pensions. D．increase the families’ investment risk.

正确答案：D

解析：此题为细节题。对应原文第3段的倒数第2句话“Both the absolute cost……have risen—andhealth-savings plans are……，with……a large new dose of investment risk for families’futurehealthcare”由这里可以看出health-savings带来的结果是“a large new dose of investment risk”，所以选项D是正确答案。根据第3段的“Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of itbome by families have risen, 这句话可以排除A。根据“and newly fashionable health-savings plansare spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers”可以排除B，因为文中只讲了健康储蓄计划涉及的人群，并没有说在中产阶级中流行。C选项文章没有提及，所以也不对。

185． It can be inferred from the last paragraph that________ A．financial risks tend to outweigh political risks.

B．the middle class may face greater political challenges. C．financial problems may bring about political problems. D．financial responsibility is an indicator of political status.

正确答案：C 解析：此题为推理题。最后一段的中心在末句“The financial fallout has begun，and the political falloutmay not be far behind。”从这句话就可以看出选项C的意思完全符合，所以C是正确答案。A错在“outweigh”胜过，原文没有对二者进行过比较。原文中没有提及B、D选项的内容，所以可以排除。

186． Which of the following is the best title for this text? A．The Middle Class on the Alert B．The Middle Class on the Cliff C．The Middle Class in Conflict D．The Middle Class in Ruins

正确答案：B

解析：此题为主旨题。分析可知，原文主要讲述美国中产阶级陷入了困境，所以B选项正确，On thecliff在这里是比喻。原文并没有说他们保持警惕，所以A不对。D说毁灭有些过，C与文章主题不符。

In spite of “endless talk of difference”, American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of consumption” launched by the 19th century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere”. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite, these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and

democratic act”. The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization. Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented level nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9. 8 percent of population;in 1900, 13.6 percent In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1, 000 residents; in the lOyears prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1, 000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation — language, home ownership and intermarriage. The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘ well’ or ‘ very well’ after ten years of residence”. The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families. “Hence the description of America as a’”graveyard” for languages. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75. 6 percent, higher than the 69. 8 percent rate among native-born Americans. Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U. S-born whites and blacks”. By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians. Rodriguez note that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrant living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power”. Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social induces suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment

187． The word “homogenizing”(Line 1, Paragraph 1)most probably means________.

A．identifying B．associating C．assimilating D．monopolizing

正确答案：C

解析：词义题。文章第一句话以“in spite of”开头，表征一种让步，换言之，“homogenizing”应和前文中的“difference”形成对比；另外在后半句的解释中又出现了“uniformity”(同样、一致)。必然是“homogenizing”的同义替换。通过上下文可知“homogenizing”应该是同化，一致的意思。A. identifying(识别、确定)；

B．associating(联合、联系)； C．assimilating(吸收、同化)； D．monopolizing(垄断)。

188． According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century________.

A．played a role in the spread of popular culture B．became intimate shops for common consumers C．satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite

D．owed its emergence to the culture of consumption

正确答案：A

解析：细节事实题。根据题干中的19世纪定位到第一段。B和C明显与原文相反，D选项因果颠倒，也是错误的。首段是典型的总分总结构，当中举出商场这个例子，是为了说明主题美国文化的特点——同化性。

189． The text suggests that immigrants now in the US_______. A．are resistant to homogenization

B．exert a great influence on American culture C．are hardly a threat to the common culture D．constitute the majority of the population

正确答案：C

解析：推理题。根据题干中的“immigrants now in the U. S．”定位到第二段。A选项与第二段第二句“nor resistant to assimilation”明显相反；B选项与第二段首句“not be altogether elevating”相反；文中只讲述了三个同化的标志“language，home ownership and intermarriage．”并没有提及人口的问题，因此D选项也错误；C选项是第二段首句“but is hardly poisonous”的同义替换。

190． Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?

A．To prove their popularity around the world. B．To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants. C．To give examples of successful immigrants.

D．To show the powerful influence of American culture.

正确答案：D

解析：细节事实题。第5段第1句话中的“children in remote villages around world are fans of superstars”说明文化已经影响到了全世界每一个偏僻的角落，故D是正确答案。A选项没有出现文章的核心概念“文化”，应排除。B、C明显与原文相反。

191． In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is

A．rewarding B．successful C．fruitless

D．harmful

正确答案：B

解析：态度题，题干中的“in the author’s opinion”表明本题是态度题.本题考查作者的态度。文章指出：移民的数量既没有达到空前的水平，也与同化不抵触；在大多数移民家庭里，到了第三代，本族语已荡然无存；在全世界，偏远乡村的儿童都是超级巨星的影迷歌迷。这说明，作者认为同化取得了成功。A不准确；C和D与作者的态度相反。

Six years later, in an about-face, the FBI admits that federal agents fired tear gas canisters capable of causing a fire at the Branch Davidian compound near Waco, Texas in 1993. But the law enforcement official said the firing came several hours before the structure burst into flames, killing 80 people including the Davidians’ leader, David Koresh. “In looking into this, we’ve come across information that shows some canisters that can be deemed pyrotechnic in nature were fired—hours before the fire started,” the official said. “Devices were fired at the bunker, not at the main structure where the Davidians were camped out.” The Federal Bureau of Investigation maintains it did not start what turned to be a series of fiery bursts of flames that ended a 51-day standoff between branch members and the federal government. “This doesn’t change the bottom line that David Koresh started the fire and the government did not,” the official said. “It simply shows that devices that could probably be flammable were used in the early morning hours.” The law enforcement official said the canisters were fired not at the main structure where the Davidian members were camped out but at the nearby underground bunker. They bounced off the bunkers concrete roof mad landed in an open field well, the official said. The canisters were fired at around 6 a.m., and the fire that destroyed the wooden compound started around noon, the official said. The official also added that other tear gas canisters used by agent that day were not flammable or potentially explosive. While Coulson denied the grenades played a role in starting the fire, his statement marked the first time that any U. S. government official has publicly contradicted the govemment’s position that federal agents used nothing on the final day of the siege at Waco that could have sparked the fire that engulfed the compound. The cause of the fiery end is a major focus of an ongoing inquiry by the Texas Rangers into the Waco siege.

192． The FBI official has NOT admitted that ______. A．the canisters were fired at the main structure

B．the canisters were fired hours before the fire started

C．federal agents fired tear gas canisters capable of causing a fire

D．other tear gas canisters that were not flammable or potentially explosive were also used

正确答案：A

解析：根据文中“the law enforcement official said the canisters were fired not at the main structure—but at the nearby underground bunker.”这一句可以看出A是他没有承认的内容，而B、C和D都在文中有直接或间接的体现。

193． From the passage, what information can be inferred about the event in 1993?

A．The compound was blown up by the FBI agents. B．The compound burst into flames at dawn.

C．The federal government besieged the compound for 51 days before the tragedy occurred.

D．About 80 people were killed in the event, but not the Davidians’ leader, David Koresh.

正确答案：C 解析：庄园毁于大火，而非爆炸，因此A是错误的；“the fire that destroyed the wooden compound started around noon”表示时间是中午而非早晨，因此B是错误的；从“killing 80 people including the Davidians’ leader，David Koresh”来看，D是错误的；“flames that ended a 51-day standoff between branch members and the federal government”，和C选项相符，因此C是正确的。

194． According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

A．About 51 people lived in the compound at the time of the event in 1993. B．The compound consisted of a main structure and a bunker. C．The compound was built of stone. D．The compound was a schoolhouse.

正确答案：B

解析：在大火中有80人丧生，因此居住在庄园里的人肯定不止51个，所以A是错误的；“the fire that destroyed the wooden compound started around noon”，可见其为木质结构，而非石质，因此C是错误的；“the compound near Waco”是Branch Davidian的居住地，从文中无法得出其为校舍的结论，因此D是不正确的；文中多处提到main structure和bunker,因此B为正确答案。

195． Coulson’s speech has ______.

A．made the matter even more complicated and confusing B．been approved by the government C．met sharp criticism

D．brought the whole matter into broad daylight

正确答案：A

解析：从文中看来，Coulson一方面承认FBI探员向庄园发射了可能导致火灾的催泪弹，另一方面坚持说火灾不是这些催泪弹引起的，使整个事件变得更加扑朔迷离，因此A是正确的。

196． The attitude of the narrator towards this message is ______. A．neutral B．bitter C．excited D．expectant

正确答案：D

解析：文中叙述者的口气比较平淡，倾向于中立，但about-face立场、观点的彻底改变等词的使用体现了对此事的关心和希望进一步揭露事实真相的态度，因此D是正确的。其他三个选项都不能准确地体现叙述者的心情。

Every year New Zealanders living in London can be seen loading up Kombi vans and heading off to experience the “classic European holiday”. The trip usually starts in the north of France, after crossing the channel from Dover in England to Calais, driving down through France, over the Pyrenees into Spain, west into Portugal and then across the Continent to Italy and often beyond. There are numerous reasons young New Zealanders take this rite of passage—as well as seeing all the fantastic sights and tasting the delights of Europe’s food and wine, it’s relatively inexpensive. The Kombi is transport and accommodation all in one, cutting down significantly on costs. There is just one problem. As the Kombis become “antique”, these trips are usually punctuated with numerous roadside sessions as the van sits idle, in no hurry to start, while you swelter in the hot sun. But do not let this deter you. Travelling Europe in your own vehicle means no public transport schedules to cramp your style, the ability to explore the quaint, off-the-beaten-track villages where the “real” locals live, freedom to not have to book accommodation in advance—you can nearly always get a campsite and can load your vehicle with cheap, fantastic regional wines and souvenirs. With these bonuses in mind, here are some suggestions for planning the great Europe road adventure. The key to a pleasurable driving experience is a good navigator and a driver with a cool head. If you do not feel relaxed driving around New Zealand’s cities and highways, then you probably will not enjoy driving around Europe. As copilot to the driver, you need to read (and understand) maps, look out for turn-offs—and keep the music playing. Language is not a big problem once a few essential terms are mastered. The biggest challenge is in the cities, where traffic can be chaotic, and elaborate one-way systems and narrow, cobbled alleyways can make finding your destination hard work. It can be easier to leave the vehicle on the outskirts of town or in a camping ground and use public transport. This also avoids paying for costly parking.

197． According to the passage, the trip actually starts in ______. A．France B．England C．Spain. D．Italy

正确答案：B

解析：本题询问的是旅程从哪国开始。从文章的第一段可以判断B为正确答案，容易混淆的是“法国”，但那是从英国的多佛港口经海峡到法国的加来港口。

198． The underlined word “Kombi” (Para. 1) most probably is ______. A．the name of the trip

B．the friend going with you C．the brand of the van D．the name of a hotel

正确答案：C

解析：这里要求猜测单词“Kombi”的意义。根据上下文，作者反复强调使用Kombi的方便和便宜，可见其是一种交通工具，因此选项C是正确答案。

199． in the sentence “it’s relatively inexpensive.” (Para. 2), “it” most probably refers ______.

A．the trip

B．the transportation C．the accommodation D．the food and wine

正确答案：A

解析：此题要求猜测在句子“it’s relatively inexpensive.”中的“it”指什么，应该是A，即旅游本身。其依据在第二段“The Kombi is transport and accommodation all in one, cutting down significantly on costs.”。由此可见因为Kombi可以集交通和住宿于一身，费用就可以大大得以降低。

200． What is the biggest challenge of the trip? A．The Kombis are too old. B．Language..

C．People may not enjoy the driving experience. D．Finding a destination in busy city traffic.

正确答案：D

解析：本题询问的是最大的麻烦是什么。虽然A、B、C都有所提及，但都不是最大的麻烦。根据第三段中“The biggest challenge is in the cities, where traffic can be chaotic, and elaborate one-way systems and narrow, cobbled alleyways can make finding your destination hard work.”得知选项D为正确答案，即最大的麻烦是在城市中，混乱的交通，繁琐的单向通行制度和狭窄的圆石路小巷会使你很难找到你的目的地。

201． What is the nationality of the target readers?

A．New Zealand. B．England. C．France. D．Spain.

正确答案：A 解析：本题询问的是文章的目标读者会是何种国籍。根据第三段中“If you do not feel relaxed driving around New Zealand’s cities and highways, then you probably will not enjoy driving around Europe.”可见A为正确答案。

For someone whose life has been shattered, Hiroshi Shimizu is remarkably calm. In a cramped Tokyo law office, the subdued, bitter man in his 30s—using an assumed name for the interview relates how he became infected with the HIV virus from tainted blood products sold by Japanese hospitals to hemophiliacs during the mid-1980s. “I was raped,” says Shimizu. “I never thought doctors would give me bad medicine. “ last year, Shimizu was shocked when a doctor newly transferred to his hospital broke the news. Four years earlier, he had asked his previous doctor if he could safely marry. “He told me: ‘There’s absolutely no problem,’ even though he knew [I was infected],” Shimizu says. “I could have passed it to my wife. “ Luckily, he hasn’t. Shimizu is one of more than 2,000 hemophiliacs and their loved ones infected with the deadly virus before heat-treated blood products became available in Japan. It’s a tragedy—and now it’s a national scandal. In recent weeks, the country has been rocked by charges that Japanese drug and hospital companies kept selling tainted blood even after the AIDS threat was proved beyond a shadow of a doubt. Even worse is the charge that the Japanese government knowingly allowed this dangerous practice as part of a policy to protect domestic companies from foreign competition. Japan’s bureaucrats are already under attack for their role in the banking fiasco. As the AIDS scandal unfolds, Japanese confidence in government could erode even further. Big settlements in a related lawsuit may also set a precedent in other AIDS liability cases around the world. The origins of the tragedy go back to 1983. By then, scientists were closing in on the virus that causes AIDS, and U. S. health authorities mandated that all blood products be heat-treated to protect hemophiliacs and patients from infection. Japanese authorities were concerned as well: the Health & Welfare Ministry formed an AIDS study group headed by the country’s foremost hemophilia expert, Dr. Takeshi Abe. RAIN AND SLEET. What happened next has only just been revealed, thanks to an investigation by new Health Minister Naoto Kan. According to investigators, the ministry group on July 4, 1983, recommended banning untreated blood imports. Since no heat-treated products were then available from Japanese companies, the group also advised allowing emergency imports of heat-treated blood from companies such as U. S. drug giant Baxter International Inc. But a week later, the recommendation was reversed. According to memos recovered from the records of Atsuaki Gunji, then head of the ministry’s Biological & antibiotics Div., the recommendation was overturned because it would “deal a blow” to domestic companies. Japan’s marketers of blood products bought imports of untreated blood—

and they did not have their heat-treatment processes yet. The ministry insisted that Baxter conduct two years of clinical testing in Japan before it used its new heat treatment there. Domestic drug companies, led by Osaka-based Green Cross Ltd. rushed to develop their own treatment processes. Meanwhile, Baxter and other foreign companies that already sold untreated blood products in Japan had to continue the practice if they wanted to stay in the market. The recent revelations have sparked some startling events in a country where discussion of AIDS is still largely taboo. In February, health Minister Kan made front-page news when he officially apologized to HIV-infected hemophiliacs and families who had staged a 72-hour vigil in rain and sleet outside the ministry.

202． One of the interviewees mentioned in the passage ______ . A．was around thirty odd with his pseudonym

B．was called Hiroshi Shimizu who was raped by the doctor

C．was an infuriated, clamorous adolescent who got married four years ago

D．was a greatly upset young man who got his blood transfusion about ten years ago

正确答案：A 解析：本题的四个选项中，只有A项为正确答案。这可从文中第一段的“bitter man in his 30s—using an assumed name for the interview”推知。

203． The passage mentioned that Shimizu ______ . A．belongs to Japan’s 2,000 hemophiliacs whose loved ones are infected with the deadly virus

B．got married with the doctor’s permission because he was not infected in a serious way

C．married his wife half a decade ago as he was ignorant of his problem D．caused his wife to get infected with the same deadly virus

正确答案：C

解析：本题的四个选项中，只有C项为正确答案。这可从文中第二段的内容推知。Shimizu的妻子并未感染病毒，所以A、D都不正确。Shimizu在结婚时已经感染了病毒，所以B项也不正确。

204． It can be inferred from the passage that tainted blood products are ______ . A．heat-treated blood products used in the mid-1980s

B．heat-treated blood products imported from U. S. drug giant Baxter International Inc.

C．untreated blood products which caused infection among hemophiliacs in Japan

D．untreated blood products produced by Baxter and some other foreign companies

正确答案：C

解析：本题的四个选项中，只有C项为正确答案，这可从文中的内容推知。被感染的血液是未经处理的，所以A、B皆不正确；而文中提到，日本本国的公司也生产未经热处理的血液，所以被感染的血液并不一定是由外国公司生产的，D项也不正确。

205． The incident mentioned in the passage originated as early as 983 when ______ .

A．the virus which causes AIDS was about to be discovered

B．the Japanese companies were permitted to import untreated blood products from U. S.

C．the Japanese government’s bureaucrats were severely attacked

D．the Japanese Health and Welfare Ministry adhered to the policy that no untreated blood should be imported from abroad

正确答案：D

解析：本题的四个选项中，只有D项为正确答案。这可从文中第四至五段的内容推知。

206． Japanese drug and hospital companies kept selling tainted blood ______ . A．at the time when Japanese government required that untreated blood was forbidden to be imported from abroad

B．when it was sure HIV virus was a great threat to human beings

C．because there was an emergent need for blood in treating hemophiliacs

D．as the Health and Welfare Ministry made an unanimous recommendation on the imports of blood products

正确答案：D

解析：本题的四个选项中，只有D项为正确答案。这可从文中的内容推知。A项错误，因为日本政府最终并未接受禁止进口的建议；而B、C项在文中都未提到。

Caffeinated coffee may have an undeserved bad rap. A new study shows the decaffeinated variety may have harmful heart effects. The study showed that people who drank decaf had higher levels of a protein linked to heart disease risk compared with those who drank caffeinated coffee or no coffee. “But the differences were fairly small and there’s probably no health threat from drinking a cup or two of any type of coffee a day,” says researcher H. Robert Superko, MD. The research is the latest entry into a long line of scientific studies looking at whether coffee drinking can lead to heart disease. The participants were given premeasured bags of coffee to make in their coffee machines provided by researchers, They agreed to drink it black--no cream or sugar al-lowed. And they agreed to periodic blood tests so the researchers could keep track of exactly how much caffeine they drank. The 187 volunteers were

assigned to one of three groups: no coffee, three to six cups a day of caffeinated coffee, or three to six cups of decaf. After three months, levels of apolipoprotein B (ApoB) were up significantly in the decaffeinated group while staying relatively unchanged in the other two groups. The amount of ApoB has been suggested in other studies to be a better predictor of cardio-vascular disease risk. There was one group for whom decaf appeared to be heart healthy: the overweight. For those who had body mass indexes (BMIs) of more than 25, drinking decaffeinated coffee boosted levels of HDL (high density lipoprotein) by about 50%. Among those with lower BMIs (who were not overweight), HDL dropped 30%. Elevated HDL is known to protect the heart. Here’s also good news for people who love coffee: Drinking it doesn’t seem to cause long-term high blood pressure, a study suggests. Caffeine is a well-known ingredient in both beverages, and has been shown to cause short-term increases in blood pressure. Previous data on coffee and hypertension is mixed. There’s a common perception that its temporary effects on blood pressure mean an increased long-term risk, said Dr. Wolfgang Winkelmayer, the study’s lead author. “We found strong evidence to refute that belief,” the researchers wrote. There was even some evidence that people who drank lots of coffee--four or more daily cups of regular or decal--faced a slightly lower risk for developing high blood pressure than those who drank little or none. Winkelmayer said that might be because coffee has lots of antioxidants, substances that are thought to be helpful.

207． In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by ______ . A．posing an example

B．justifying an assumption C．making a comparison

D．explaining a phenomenon

正确答案：C

解析：第1段中，作者先说明一个问题，那就是Caffeinated coffee may have an undeserved bad rap。接着在下面将Caffeinated coffee与decaffeinated coffee做了比较，文中第3行也用了compared with those who drank caffeinated coffee，因此我们可以直接判断出作者的写作方法是做比较。故C正确。

208． The author agrees “caffeinated coffee may have an undeserved bad rap” because ______ .

A．caffeinated coffee is healthier than decaffeinated coffee B．caffeinated coffee can bring benefit for those fat people C．decaffeinated coffee is more likely to deserve such a charge D．decaffeinated variety can also cause harm to people’s health

正确答案：D

解析：从文章的第3段我们得知：肥胖人群饮用脱咖啡因咖啡是有好处的。第2段最后两句话表明：饮用脱咖啡因咖啡的这一组人员易患心血管疾病。综合

这些内容我们不能简单地判断哪种咖啡更加健康，故D的表述符合作者的意思：既然两者都对身体有害和有益，因此不应该再让含咖啡因咖啡受这种指责。

209． Who will benefit from drinking decaf coffee according to the passage? A．Those with law BMIs. B．Those who are overweight. C．Those who are old and fat.

D．Those who have heart disease.

正确答案：B

解析：参照第2题的解析。另外，文中提到BMIs是body mass indexes(体重指数)。

210． “Previous data on coffee and hypertension is mixed” (Lines 3-4, Para. 4) means ______ .

A．Previous data is in a clutter and confusing B．Previous data contains various of information C．Previous data gives people wrong impression D．Previous data should be filed and clarified

正确答案：C

解析：文中说Wolfsang Winkelmayer发现了证据来反驳一个大家的共识：喝咖啡对血压造成的暂时性影响会逐渐演变成长期的伤害。可以推测作者想说咖啡和高血压并没有必然的联系。C“早期的数据给人们造成了错误的印象”符合文意。

211． What can we learn from the passage? A．The coffee debate will go on. B．Coffee is not so bad for people. C．Caffeinated coffee is good.

D．We should throw our habits of drinking coffee.

正确答案：B

解析：文章对两种咖啡都进行了描述，各有各的益处。因此不能单纯地否定或肯定其中的一个甚至两个。整篇文章虽然在进行比较，但并不是对这个问题进行辩论，因此A中的“辩论将会继续的说法”是毫无根据的推测。正确答案是B。

Rubidium, potassium and carbon are three common elements used to date the history of Earth. The rates of radioactive decay of these elements are absolutely regular when averaged out over a period of time; nothing is known to change them. To be useful as clocks, the elements have to be fairly common in natural minerals, unstable but decay slowly over millions of years to form recognizable “daughter” products which are preserved minerals. For example, an atom of radioactive rubidium decays to form an atom of strontium (another element) by converting a

neutron in its nucleus to a proton and releasing an electron, generating energy in the process. The radiogenic daughter products of the decay-in this case strontium atoms--diffuse away and are lost above a certain very high temperature. So by measuring the exact proportions of rubidium and strontium atoms that are present in a mineral, researchers can work out how long it has been since the mineral cooled below that critical “blocking” temperature. The main problems with this dating method are the difficulty in finding minerals containing rubidium, the accuracy with which the proportions of rubidium and strontium are measured, and the fact that the method gives only the date when the mineral last cooled below the blocking temperature. Because the blocking temperature is very high, the method is used, mainly for recrystallized (igneous or metamorphic) rocks, not for sediments--rubidium-bearing minerals in sediments simply record the age of cooling of the rocks which were eroded to form the sediments, not the age of deposition of the sediments themselves. Potassium decays to form (a gas) which is sometimes lost from its host mineral by escaping through pores. Although potassium-argon dating is therefore rather unreliable, it can sometimes be useful in dating sedimentary rocks because potassium is common in some minerals which form in sediments at low temperatures. Assuming no argon has escaped, the potassium-argon date records the age of the sediments themselves. Carbon dating is mainly used in archaeology. Most carbon atoms (carbon-12) are stable and do not change over time. However, cosmic radiation bombarding the upper atmospheres constantly interacting with nitrogen in the atmosphere to create an unstable form of carbon, carbon-14.

212． What is the common feature of rubidium, potassium and carbon? A．They can be made into clocks. B．They are rich in content.

C．Their decay is slow but regular.

D．The products of their decay are the same.

正确答案：C

解析：文章第1段指出rubidium、potassium和carbon这三种元素的rates of radioactive decay of these elements are absolutely regular，并且decay slowly over millions of years，故选项C正确。

213． What aspect of rubidium decay is useful for dating?

A．The atom produced by the decay is above a certain point of temperature. B．The atom produced by the decay is easy to be detected at a cool temperature. C．The decay produced a. neutron and an electron.

D．The decay is sensitive to the changes in temperature.

正确答案：A

解析：文章第2段提到铷原子经过放射性的变化变为锶原子，而锶原子diffuse away and are lost above a certain very high temperature，因此科学家能够by

measuring the exact proportions．．．present in a mineral，计算出how long it has been since the mineral cooled below that critical“blocking”temperature。故选项A正确。

214． What is the limitation of the rubidium method? A．Rubidium is everywhere in the rock.

B．Strontium atoms are hard to detect at the normal temperature. C．It cannot date sediments. D．It is time-consuming.

正确答案：C

解析：文章第2段最后指出由于the blocking temperature is very high，因此这种方法只用于recrystallized (igneous or metamorphic) rocks，not for sediments，段尾也提到它只能判定岩石被侵蚀形成沉积的日期，not the age of deposition of the sediments themselves(不能判定沉积物的日期)，故选项C正确。

215． Which of the following is the major factor that affects the accuracy of potassium dating?

A．the number of the mineral pores B．the number of missing argon atoms C．external temperature D．mineral temperature

正确答案：B

解析：文章第3段提到钾衰退成氩气，而氩气is sometimes lost from its host mineral by escaping through pores，这显然会影响测量的精确性。

216． The underlined word “cosmic” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.

A．radioactive B．organic C．terrestrial D．universal

正确答案：D 解析：cosmic宇宙的。四个选项：radioactive放射性的，有辐射功能的；organic器官的，有机的，有组织的；terrestrial陆地的；universal宇宙的，普通的，通用的。

Modern technology may not have improved the world all that much but it certainly has made life noisier. Unmuffled motorcycles, blaring car alarms, and roving boom boxes come first, second, and third on my list of most obnoxious noise offenders, but everyone could come up with his own version of aural hell—if he could just find a quiet spot to ponder the matter. Yet what technology has done, other technology is now starting to undo, using computer power, to zap those ear-splitting

noises into silence. Previously silence-seekers had little recourse except to stay inside, close the windows, and plug their ears. Remedies like these are quaintly termed “passive” systems, because they place physical barriers against the unwanted sound. Now computer technology is producing a far more effective “active” system, which doesn’t just contain, deflect, or mask the noise, but annihilates it electronically. The system works by countering the offending noise with “anti-noise”, a somewhat sinister-sounding term that calls to mind antimatter, black holes, and other Popular Science mindbenders but that actually refers to something quite simple. Just as a wave on a pond is flattened when it merges with a trough that is its exact opposite (or mirror image) , so can a sound wave be negated by meeting its opposite. This general theory of sound cancellation has been around since the 1930s. In the fifties and sixties it made for a kind of magic trick among laboratory acousticians playing around with the first clunky mainframe computers. The advent of low-cost high-power microprocessors has made active noise-cancellation systems a commercial possibility, and a handful of small electronics firms in the United States and abroad are bringing the first ones onto the silence market. Silence buffs might be hoping that the noise-canceling apparatus will take the shape of the 44 Magnum wielded by Dirty Harry, but in fact active sound control is not quite that active. The system might more properly be described as reactive, in that it responds to sound waves already headed toward human ears. In the configuration that is usual for such systems microphones detect the noise signal and send it to the system’s microprocessor, which almost instantly models it and creates its inverse for loudspeakers to fire at the original. Because the two sounds occupy the same range of frequencies and tones, the inverse sounds exactly like the noise it is to eliminate: the anti-noise cancelling Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony is heard as Beethoven’s Fifth. The only difference is that every positive pressure produced on the air by the orchestra is matched by a negative pressure produced by the computer, and every negative pressure is matched by a positive, thereby silencing the sound. The system is most effective as a kind of muffler, in which microphones, microprocessor, and loudspeaker are all in a unit encasing the device that produces the sound, stifling it at its source. But it can work as a headset, too, negating the sound at the last moment before it disturbs one’s peace of mind.

217． The writer holds that______.

A．modern technology has disturbed the quiet life of the people

B．modern technology has made people indifferent to noise pollution C．modern technology has made the present world quieter than before D．modern technology has failed to solve the problem of noise pollution

正确答案：A

解析：本题的四个选项中，只有A项为正确答案。这可从文中第一句的“…but it certainly has made life noisier”推知。

218． According to the passage, an active noise-cancellation system______. A．contains noise rather than negates it B．eliminates noise rather than muffles it C．deflects noise rather than baffles it D．holds noise back rather than stifles it

正确答案：B

解析：本题的四个选项中，只有B项为正确答案。这可从文中第二段的最后一句“…which doesn’t just contain，deflect，or mask the noise，but annihilates it electronically”推知。

219． In paragraph 5 the word “buffs” means______. A．settlers B．enthusiasts C．buyers

D．manufacturers

正确答案：B

解析：本题的四个选项中，只有B项为正确答案。四个选项单词的意思分别是settler“定居者”；enthusiast“狂热者”；buyer“购买者”；manufacturer“生产者”。

220． Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? A．In the past, people sometimes plugged their ears to fight against the offending noise.

B．An active noise-cancellation system follows the principle of a wave being flattened by meeting its exact opposite.

C．The first active noise-cancellation system was made in the 1930s. D．Active noise-cancellation systems are now available on the market.

正确答案：C

解析：本题的四个选项中，只有C项为正确答案。这可从文中第四段第一句“This general theory of sound cancellation has been around since the 1930s”推知，即当时只有理念，还没有实用产品。

221． Active noise-cancellation systems require______. A．microphones B．microprocessors C．loudspeakers D．all of the above

正确答案：D 解析：本题的四个选项中，只有D项为正确答案。这可从文中的“…in which microphones，microprocessor，and loudspeaker are all in a unit…”推知。

Modern Japan, despite its ready adoption of western manners, is in things theatrical still faithful to the ancient feudal day. It is true that within the last few years, the old school drama has to some extent lost ground, and quite recently performances of Shakespeare’s Othello and Hamlet, and Daudet’s Sappho have been received with favor by Tokyo audiences. The explanation of this curious survival of the old form of play, at a time when all Japan is eagerly imitating the foreigner, is undoubtedly to be found in the peculiar customs of the country. The progressive Japanese finds it easier to change his mode of dress than to reform habits bred in the bone. The old plays, lasting, as they formerly did, from early morning until nearly midnight, just suited the Japanese play-goer, who, when he does go to the theatre, makes an all-day affair of it. Indeed, theatre-going in Japan is a very serious matter, and not to be entered upon lightly or without due preparation. Recently Sada Yoko and Oto Kawakami, who learned a good deal in their foreign travels, introduced the comparatively short evening performance of three or four hours, an innovation which was at once welcomed by the better class of people. But the new arrangement found little favor with the general public, and particular indignation was aroused in the bosom of the Japanese Matinee Girl who loves to sit in the theatre as long as possible and weep over the play. For, to the young gentlewoman, the theatre is essentially the place for weeping. Japanese girls are extremely sentimental, and a play without tear-provoking situations would not appeal to them in the least. The Japanese women are passionately devoted to the drama. It is usual for a party to book a box through a tea house connected with the theatre and at the same time make arrangements for what refreshments they wish served. The Japanese maiden makes the most elaborate preparations days beforehand. To be at the theatre on time, playgoers must rise with the sun, and all their meals, including breakfast, are eaten in the tiny box in the playhouse. It is not an easy task to reach one’s seats and once the family has settled down, nothing but a catastrophe would induce it to leave its box. The women chew candy and the men freely drink sake as the play goes on.

222． Paragraph 1 stresses the idea that the general public in Tokyo______. A．favors Shakespeare’s masterpieces B．enjoys Japanese old school drama C．appreciates western classic theatre D．likes performances of foreign styles

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查细节归纳。文中第、一段第二句：It is true that within the last few years，the old school drama has to some extent lost ground，and quite recently performances of Shakespeare’s Othello and Hamlet，and Daudet’s Sappho have been received with favor by Tokyo audiences．句意如下：从近几年情况看确实如此。传统的校园话剧在某种程度上已经黯然失色，而新近莎士比亚的《奥赛罗》和《哈姆雷特》以及都德的《莎孚》备受东京观众的喜爱。据此分析，东京观众喜欢欧

美的经典戏剧，所以C项符合题意。

223． The peculiar custom of Japan is______. A．making progressive changes in life B．enjoying dressing in the latest fashion C．spending all day watching a drama D．wearing formal clothes at the theatre

正确答案：C 解析：本题考查归纳能力。文中第二段第三句：The old plays，lasting，as they formerly did，from early morning until nearly midnight，just suited the Japanese play-goer，who，when he does go to the theatre，makes an all—day affair of it．句意如下：古老的戏剧，像过去一样，从清晨上演到午夜，这也只适合日本那些去了剧院就全神贯注于戏的戏迷们。据此推理，可知日本人有整天看戏的习俗，所以C项符合题意。

224． The emphasized difference between the Japanese play form and the foreign one is in______.

A．the length B．the costume C．the acting D．the innovation

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查推断能力。第二段第五句：Recently Sada Yoko and Oto Kawakami，who learned a good deal in their foreign travels，introduced the comparatively short evening performance of three or four hours，an innovation which was at once welcomed by the better class of people．句意如下：最近，Sada Yoko和Oto Kawakami在国外旅行中学了很多东西，引进了三到四个小时的相对较短的夜场表演，这种创新很快受到日本中上层人士的青睐。据此推断，可知最显著的区别就是表演时间不同，所以A项符合题意。

225． The Japanese Matinee Girl would most likely favor a play that centers on______.

A．the childhood of a naughty boy B．the honeymoon of a young couple C．the trial of a serial murderer D．the misfortunes of a big family

正确答案：D 解析：本题考查同义复述。文中第二段最后一句：Japanese girls are extremely sentimental，and a play without tear—provoking situations would not appeal to them in the least．句意如下：日本女孩特别多愁善感，如果一部戏不足以使她们感动落泪，那它一点也打动不了她们。据此推断，日本女孩喜欢看那些感人至深、催

人泪下的节目，所以D项符合题意。 ．

226． As playgoers, compared with Japanese men, Japanese women seem to be all the more______.

A．lighthearted about going to the theatre B．emotionally involved with the play C．fond of eating food as the play goes D．experienced in booking a play ticket

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查推理能力。文中第三段第一句：The Japanese women are passionately devoted to the drama．句意如下：日本妇女钟情于戏剧。据此推理，可知女戏迷去看戏时轻松愉悦，所以A项符合题意。

227． While watching a drama in the theatre box, the family would most UNLIKELY______.

A．go out for a drink B．go to the restroom C．chat about the actors D．show their inner feelings

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查细节。第三段第四句和第五句：and all their meals，including breakfast，are eaten in the tiny box in the playhouse．It is not an easy task to reach one’s seats and once the family has settled down，nothing but a catastrophe would induce it to leave its box．句意如下：一日三餐，都是在剧院的小包厢中完成。坐到剧院的座位上是不容易的，只要一家人坐下来，除发生大灾难，否则他们是不会离开包厢的。据此推理，可知最不可能的事是出去喝饮料。所以A项符合题意。

The “issues” reported were unthinkable. The physician who enrolled the most patients in the study, an Alabama weight-loss doctor, allegedly forged scores of signatures, enrolling “volunteers” every few minutes. By the time of the FDA review, she was under criminal investigation. (She’s now in federal prison. ) Another key researcher had been put on probation by the California medical board for gross negligence. He was arrested shortly after the study ended, when police, called to his home on a domestic violence complaint, found him with a bag of cocaine and waving a loaded gun at imaginary people. The study was so riddled with fraud and error that FDA reviewers decided it was useless. Yet Dr. Ross says he was told to reveal nothing about those problems to the advisory board, which recommended that the drug be approved. Later, he says, he was pressured to soften his report about Ketek’s liver toxicity to gain approval of higher-ups. Six million Americans have now used the drug, including hundreds of infants in a clinical trial designed to test Ketek’s effectiveness against ear infections. “How does one justify balancing the risk of fatal

liver failure against one day less of ear pain?” One FDA scientist, Rosemary Johann-Liang, protested—to no avail—in a memo to her superiors. Most ear infections clear up in a few days on their own, she says. The agency says the controversy is overblown. “There was enough good, solid scientific data to make that decision. “ Says FDA spokeswoman Julie Zawisza, pointing to what appeared to be a history of safe use of Ketek in other countries. Ketek has now been linked to 18 deaths and at least 134 cases of liver damage, according to an independent analysis u-sing FDA data. The real toll, some researchers say, may be far greater. Last October the FDA sent a warning letter to Sanofi-Aventis, Ketek’s maker, accusing the company of knowingly presenting compromised data to the agency, a charge the company denies. “We were not aware of the fraud,” says spokeswoman Melissa Feltmann. “It was not until the FDA’s criminal investigators uncovered it that we became aware of it. “ The question remains, What did the FDA and the drugmaker know about the fake safety data, and when? Congressmen John Dingell and Bart Stupak, both Michigan Democrats, are investigating that mystery right now in Congressional hearings. “Unfortunately,” Stupak says, “the truth comes too late for some victims. “

228． According to Paragraph 1, the Alabama physician was accused of______. A．forcing people to join his study

B．administering illegal drugs to patients C．exaggerating some drug’s effects D．inventing evidence for her research

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查细节辨认。文章第一段：The physician who enrolled the most patients in the study，an Alahama weight—loss doctor，allegedly forged scores of signatures，enrolling“volunteers”every few minutes．句意如下：亚拉巴马州一位帮助人们减肥的内科医生接收了很多的病人。据说她伪造了几十份签名书，每隔几分钟就招收一些“志愿者”。据此推理，这位内科医生伪造签名，从而让那些减肥者服下非法药物，所以B项符合题意。

229． The key researcher had probably been put on probation by the California medical board because he had______.

A．failed to fulfill his supervising duties B．threatened to kill some of his neighbors C．hidden a bag of cocaine in his office D．abused his wife and children at home

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查细节辨认。文章第二段：Another key researcher had been put on probation by the California medical board for gross negligence．句意如下：另一位主要研究人员由于其重大过失，加利福尼亚医委会已经让其留任察看。据此可

知，这位主要的研究人员遭到缓刑这一裁决是因为其重大过失而导致，所以A项符合题意。

230． It can be inferred that Ketek is a medicine which______. A．helps lose weight

B．helps improve memory C．treats ear problems D．treats liver problems

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查推断能力。文章第四段第一句：Six million Americans have now used the drug，including hundreds of infants in a clinical trial designed to test Ketek’s effectiveness against ear infections．句意为：已经有600万美国人使用过这种药物，其中包括数以百计的婴幼儿，他们在一次测试肯立克治疗耳朵感染效果的临床试验中使用了该药物。据此可知Ketek是一种用来治疗耳朵感染的药物，所以C项符合题意。

231． What does the passage say about Rosemary Johann-Liang’s protest? A．It was lodged in vain. B．It worried her superiors. C．It was found groundless. D．It aroused public attention.

正确答案：A 解析：本题考查归纳能力。第四段第二句：“How does one justify balancing the risk of fatal liver failure against one day less of ear pain?”one FDA scientist，Rosemary JohannLiang，protested--to no avail—in a memo to her superiors．Most ear infections clear up in a few days on their own，she says．句意为：食品和药品管理局的科学家Rosemary Johann—Liang抗议说：“甩肝功能衰竭的致命危险来减少一天的耳朵疼痛，有谁能权衡这一做法的合理性呢?”但是这种抗议对她的上级无济于事。她表示：大部分的耳朵感染患者在几天之内就能自行恢复。据此推断，此人的抗议是没有用的，所以A项符合题意。

232． FDA suspected Sanofi-Aventis of______. A．being unqualified to make drugs B．scheming to do the fraud C．letting the misconduct go D．being unaware of the crime

正确答案：B 解析：本题考查细节辨认。第六段第一句：Last October the FDA sent a warning letter to Sanofi—Aventis，Ketek’s maker，accusing the company of knowingly presenting compromised data to the agency．句意为：去年十月份，食品和药品管理局给肯立克制药商赛诺菲安万特公司发了一封警告信，指控该公司故意改写了

相关数据。据此可知，食品及药品管理局怀疑赛诺菲安万特有意欺骗，所以B项符合题意。

233． The author obviously believes that, in the incident, FDA failed to______. A．compensate the victims B．take immediate actions C．control the whole situation D．stick to its moral principles

正确答案：B

解析：考查推断能力。根据最后一段： “Unfortunately，”Stupak says，“the truth comes too late for some victims．”据此可知食品与药品管理局没有及时把这个消息告诉大众，所以B项符合题意。

English-Chinese Translation

234． Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity. Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, With the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth. “Anthropology” derives from the Greek words anthropos, meaning “human”, and logos, meaning “study of”. By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.

正确答案： 各个时期各个地区的人们都在思考各自的世界并想知道自己在其中的位置。人类既善于思考又善于创造，具有永不满足的好奇心。而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而让所有其他形态的生命服从人类自己独特的思想和想象。所以，冷静而系统地研究人类的丰富性和多样性显得尤为重要。人们希望这些研究的成果能使人类与他们自己也与地球上其他生命形态和睦相处。 人类学一词来源于希腊词“人类”和“研究”。根据其名称本意，人类学包括对整个人类的研究。

235． What, then, does Drucker suggest are the new knowledge-based industries on which economic growth will depend? He discusses three categories of such industries. The first of these is the information industry. This industry collects, stores, spreads, and applies knowledge. It depends on the computer. In the future, however, the computer itself will probably become less important than communicating and applying knowledge. Drucker foresees a central computer that will make information available to everyone. Another source of new industries is the science of the oceans. New technologies may help to supply food and minerals from the seas. A third new source of economic growth is the materials industry. This

industry provides the materials for making objects. One such industry that has already become economically important is the plastic industry. Drncker explains that throughout history our traditional materials have been metals, glass, natural fibers, and paper. Today, with the help of modern science, industries can make many new materials to meet specific needs. Because they will be created to fit a certain product, they will be highly efficient Consequently, he points out, industries that supply traditional materials such as steel or glass will have trouble competing with those that produce these new materials.

正确答案： 经济增长要依靠知识为基础的新型产业。那么，德鲁克所主张的这种产业指的是什么呢?他论述了该产业的三大类型。第一种类型是信息产业。信息产业收集、储存、推广和应用知识，这都要靠电脑来完成。然而。在将来电脑本身也许不如交流知识和应用知识那样重要。德鲁克设想利用中央电脑将信息向所有的人开放。另一种新产业的源泉是海洋科学。新技术有助于从大海中获取食品和矿藏。第三种促进经济增长的新产业是材料产业。该产业能提供制造物品所需要的原料。其中的塑料工业已经显示出其经济方面的重要性。德鲁克解释说，有史以来，传统的材料一直是金属、玻璃、天然纤维和纸张。由于现代科学的发展，如今的工业能够生产许多种新材料以满足特殊的需要。由于新材料可适应特定产品的生产需要，因此效率极高。德鲁克指出：“传统的原材料工业，如钢铁工业或玻璃制造业，在与新材料工业的竞争中，将会遇到很大的麻烦。”

236． The Supreme Court’s decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering. Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect,” a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects--a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen---is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect. Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally iii patients’ pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.

正确答案： 最高法院对安乐死所做的裁决给正在探求减轻病危病人痛苦的医学界以重大支持。 尽管最高法院认为宪法没有赋予安乐死以合法权利，但最高法院事实上支持“双重效应”这一医疗准则。这个几个世纪以来的医疗道德准则认为，假如一种行为具有两种效应——既有以治病为目的的良好效应又有可预测的不利效应——那么为了实现这一良好效应，医生被允许实施治疗且不用考虑其不利效应。 最近几年来，医生们一直在执行这一准则，大量使用吗啡来减轻濒危病人的病痛，尽管加大使用量结果会导致病人死亡。

237． If you are that kind of person who admire others’ lives and is low-spirited to your own life, perhaps you need to hold your life and make some changes. Many people repeat the same thing from morning till night and feel very contented with the status quo happily. However, if you consider your potential is squandered and you long for more active and exciting life deeply in your heart, you

need to take some positive action. You would feel that if you are in another environment, you will be sure to predominate the complexion and make great efforts for more magnificent target. If you really thought about this, you shouldn’t be daunted by unalterable status quo, find excuses for the reason why you don’t make a move and exert your potential fully. If a person is full of passion, and is capable of making a career,he shouldn’t waste his capacity.Stop complaining and you are in control of your own destiny! It is high time that you should stop your self-delusion and become aware of the safty on the shore that is possibly more devastating than you can imagine.

正确答案： 如果你是那种看着别人的生活就羡慕，对自己的生活提不起精神的人，也许你需要把握生活，做些改变。很多人每天从早到晚做同样的事情，对现状感到非常满足并很快乐。但是，如果你觉得自己的潜能被浪费，内心深处渴望更活跃刺激的生活，你就需要采取一些积极的行动。 你会觉得如果你处在另一种环境，你肯定会掌握好局面，为更宏大目标而努力。如果你真这样想过，那就不应该被无法改变的现状所难倒，不要为自己为什么不开始行动找借口，也不要为自己找为什么不去充分发挥潜能的理由了。 如果人满腹激情，也有能力干一番事业，就不要浪费自己的才能。停止抱怨命运掌握在自己手里!现在该是人停止自欺欺人、认识到岸上的安全可能要比你所想的更具有破坏性的时候了。

46. The onrush of cheap communications, powerful computers and the Internet all explain why many people feel that, nowadays, change is happening ever more rapidly as technological progress accelerates. Moore’s law, that the power of microchips doubles every 18 months, has been tested and found correct. This is what gives people the sense of a world shifting beneath their feet. 47. Yet the implication that rapid change is a new phenomenon is again misleading. If you measure the time it takes for a technology to become widely diffused, today’s experience does not seem unusual. Take the car. The basic patent for an internal combustion engine capable of powering a car was filed in 1877. By the late 1920s-50 years later-over half of all American households owned a car. 48. The comparable dates for the computer are harder to tie down, but the first big computer, based on vacuum valves, was built in1946. The transistor-the first semiconductor device-was invented at Bell Laboratories in 1948. The first patent for an integrated circuit was filed in 1959. Now, in 1999-50 years after the first one was built-around half of American households own a computer. The pace of introduction has been similar to that of the car. 49. You have to cheat, choosing only the date for the personal computer, say (mid1970s), or the Internet (ditto) to make it seem much more rapid. Comparing its diffusion among private users is, you might say, unfair to the computer, for that machine’s main use is in businesses. On that measure, the best historical analogy is with electrification, and the spread of the electric dynamo into factories. 50. According to Paul David, a historian at Stanford University in California, the first electricity-generating stations had been installed in New York and London in 1881, but it was well into the 1920s before the dynamo became widely used and started to raise productivity. The adoption of the computer in business has also been slow, and

failed to have any measurable impact on productivity until very recently.

238．

正确答案：现今人们的生活随着科技的加速发展、廉价的通讯手段、高功率计算机和因特网的广泛应用而日新月异。

239．

正确答案：不过把这种快速变化看作新现象是不对的。如若你算一下一项技术从它产生到被广泛应用所需要的时间，那么你就不会对今天所发生的这些变化觉得奇怪了。

240．

正确答案：我们已经很难弄清楚计算机究竟诞生于何时，不过第一台大型真空电子管计算机是在1946年产生的。

241．

正确答案：如若你想它看起来确实比别的技术快得多，那么你就得蒙混过关了，你可以从个人计算机或者因特网的诞生算起，也就是从20世纪70年代中期算起。

242．

正确答案：按照斯坦福大学历史学家保罗·大卫的介绍，第一批发电机1881年被安装在纽约和伦敦，但直到20世纪20年代发电机才得到广泛的应用且提高了社会生产力。

243． From the abacus to the Apple Mac, technology has constantly changed the way we learn. In equal measure, the needs of education have provided the driving force behind some of our most significant technological innovations. Most classrooms in the world would insist on having students turn their mobiles off-- but one scheme in Bangladesh is very much about keeping them on. The Janala service--created by the BBC’s development charity the World Service Trust--gives anyone with a mobile the chance to learn English-- simply by calling a number and listening in. Mobile telecommunication is the fastest growing industry in Bangladesh, and the service has already logged over 400 000 calls. “We can’t carry a dictionary everywhere,” said one Bangladeshi student. “But now we can carry a mobile phone which helps us learn.”

正确答案：从算盘到苹果电脑，技术总是在改变着我们的学习方式。 同

样地，教育的需求也为我们最重要的技术革新提供着推动力量。 世界上大多数课堂都会要求学生关闭手机——但是孟加拉国的一项计划却大力支持上课 开手机。 由英国广播公司慈善事业发展部——国际广播部发起的名为Janala的服务将为每一个拥 有手机的人提供一个学习英语的机会——只需要拨打一个号码接受信号。 孟加拉国的手机通讯业是该国发展最快的产业，而新发起的该项英语学习项目已经服务 了40万人次。 “我们不能到哪里都带着字典，”孟加拉国的一名学生说道。 “但是，现在我们可以带着手机帮助我们学习。”

Writing

244． In this part, you are required to write a composition entitled What Should We Do to Prevent Pirated Products in no less than 200 words. Your composition should be based on the following outline:1. Nowadays piracy is more and more serious.2. The reasons for such a phenomenon and its harmfulness.3. Give some advice on how to control and hit piracy.

正确答案： What Should We Do to Prevent Pirated Products? Nowadays more and more rampant is piracy, which has permeated every corner of our society. Pirated products can be seen here and there. There are all sorts of pirated products such as pirated programs, books, cassettes, and CDs. It can be said that piracy has become a serious social problem faced by our country and the international community at large. Why is piracy more and more rampant? In my opinion, there are many reasons for this but the main three are as follows: First, pirates are motivated by their interests. They can become very wealthy in a very short period of time as long as they succeed in manufacturing and selling their products. Second, many consumers enjoy buying them because they are very inexpensive. Their behavior undoubtedly fosters piracy. Last but not least, pirates give bribes to some government officials whose mission is to crack down on piracy. They take pirates’ bribes and look the other way when pirated products come into their view. Piracy is very harmful because it severely encroaches on the original author’s copyright and prevents quality products from selling well. I am firmly against piracy. The following are my suggestions concerning cracking down on piracy. First, refuse to purchase pirated products. If consumers do not buy them, pirates will lose their market. Second, governments at all levels should cooperate with each other to place pirates and their activities under surveillances. Let pirates go bankrupt if they dare to produce and sell pirated products.