一、单词。 mess
【用法】n. 杂乱，凌乱
【词组】what a mess 真是一团糟
【例句】Excuse the mess. 屋子乱，请原谅。 【扩展】messy adj. 零乱的，脏的 pack
【用法】v. 打包，装箱；挤满，塞满 【词组】be packed with 挤满，装满，塞满 【扩展】package n. 包，包裹
【例句】Don’t forget to pack the mirror! 别忘了把镜子装起来。 The movie fans packed the hall. 大厅里挤满了影迷。 The bus was packed with people。公共汽车里挤满了人。 leave
【用法】v. 离开（left - left），出发； 留给，遗留；委托；落下 【词组】leave for 出发去
leave sth. at home 把……落在家里
【例句】When he was young, he left his hometown. 当他很小的时候，他就离开了家乡。
We will leave for Guangzhou by plane. 我们将乘飞机去广州。
二:课文注释
I had one after my lunch.
【译文】我是在饭后喝的。
1 代词one指代前面的a cup of tea； 【用法】○
2 介词after“在……之后”，后接名词或名词短语（my lunch）作宾语。 ○
Let’s go into the living room, Carol.
【译文】我们到客厅里去吧。
1 let’s 是let us的缩写形式，意为“让我们”； 【用法】○
2 let's do “让我们做……”是提建议的句型，同义句为what about doing? ○
Tom and I are going to have a holiday.
【译文】我和汤姆准备去度假。
1 be going to do是一般将来时的谓语部分，意为“打算做……”。 【用法】○
2 have a holiday度假；be on holiday在度假。 ○Aren’t you lucky?
【译文】你们真幸运！
1 本句用了一个否定疑问句表达了一种感叹。 【用法】○
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2 lucky adj. 幸运的； unlucky adj. 不幸的；luck n. 运气； ○
luckily adv. 幸运地；unluckily adv. 不幸地 Good luck 祝好运！ Bad luck! 真倒霉！
本文中现在完成时与一般过去时的对照
I’ve already had lunch. → I had lunch at half past twelve. I’ve just had a cup. → I had one after my lunch.
I’ve already had my holiday this year. → Where did you go? I stayed at home
三：语法：
现在完成时
【构成】一、现在完成时的谓语部分的结构为： have / has + done
其中，have和has是助动词，has与第三人称单数主语连用；其他人称及复数用have。 done是动词的过去分词形式。
二、动词的过去分词分为规则变化和不规则变化。 规则动词的过去分词：
1 一般情况下，在动词后直接加 –ed：jump – jumped ○
2 以不发音的e结尾时直接加 –d：bake – baked ○
3 以辅音加y结尾时去y变i加 –ed：empty – emptied ○
不规则动词的过去分词（本册中出现的词）： buy — bought — bought find — found — found get — got — got sweep — swept — swept tell — told — told have — had — had do — did — done swim — swam — swum send — sent — sent cut — cut — cut put — put — put read — read —read set — set — set shut — shut — shut leave — left — left meet — met — met eat — ate — eaten go — went — gone see — saw — seen speak — spoke — spoken give — gave — given hear — heard — heard come — came — come understand — understood — understood 【用法】（1）现在完成时表示：说在过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 Tom: Do you want to have lunch with us?
Sam: No, thank you, Tom. I have already had lunch. （正因为Sam吃过饭了，所以他拒绝了Tom的邀请。） 现在完成时在汉语中常用“了”、“过”、“已经”来表示。 （2）现在完成时的否定句和疑问句：
变否定句时，需要在助动词have或has后面加not，变成haven’t或hasn’t。 变疑问句时，需要将助动词have或has提到主语的前面。 She hasn’t finished her homework. 她还没有完成她的作业呢。 Have you had dinner? 你吃过饭了吗？
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（3）与现在完成时连用的时间副词或短语： 1 already“已经”，用在肯定句的句中或句尾； ○
Linda has already seen the film. = Linda has seen the film already. 琳达已经看过那部电影了。 2 yet “已经”，用在疑问句的句尾； ○
“还”，用在否定句的句尾，构成not … yet“还没”。 Have you found your key yet? N你已经找到你的钥匙了吗？ I haven’t washed my face yet. 我还没洗脸呢。 3 just“刚刚”，用在肯定句的句中 ○
I’ve just washed my clothes. 我刚刚洗过衣服。 注意：just now“刚才”，与一般过去时连用。 I met Sam just now. 刚才我遇见萨姆了。 4 ever“曾经”，用在肯定句或疑问句的句中； ○
I have ever heard the music. 我曾听过这首曲子。 Has Tom ever been a teacher? 汤姆曾当过老师吗？ 5 never“从不，从没”，是个否定词，用在句中； ○
I have never seen you before. 我以前从没见过你。 6 before与ago的区别： ○
before可独立用在现在完成时的句尾；
ago前要加上段时间，用在一般过去时的句尾，比如：two years ago。 【注意】在现在完成时中，不会出现过去时间状语，这是现在完成时与一般过去时的一个主要区别。
【同步习题】Lesson83-84
一、 用所给词的适当形式填空
1. Tom and Carol are __________ (have) lunch.
2. We can have __________ (we) coffee in the living –room 3. The bus is __________ (pack) with noisy school children. 4. The room needs cleaning. It is very __________ (tidy). 5. You didn’t hear the noise. You are __________ (luck).
6. We carried the sick man to hospital __________ (hurried). 7. He went to the __________ (newsagent) to buy a newspaper. 8. Tuesday is the __________ (three) day of the week. 9. The radio says is going to be __________ (wind) tomorrow. 10. He does everything very __________ (careful).
二 用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. Carol wants Sam __________ (come) in.
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2. Mr. Mott could ask the robot questions. It always __________ (know) the answers .
3. __________ you __________ (pack) your suitcase yet?
4. He __________ already __________ (leave) the town . He left it three days ago. 5. Let’s __________ (go) into the living-room.
6. Sam __________ just __________ (have) a cup of coffee. 7. We need somebody __________ (tidy) our room up. 8. Where did you go? I __________ (stay) at home.
9. __________ you __________ (enjoy) yourselves in the park last Sunday? 10. Lily was here yesterday morning, but Ann and Bill __________ (be) not.
三、 选择填空
( ) 1. __________ you __________ anything else to say?
Not yet. A. Have, get
B. Have, got D. Do, get B. to ask D. have asked
B. Were, have A. asking C. asked
( ) 3. I came to the policeman __________ for help.
( ) 4. Sam __________ just __________ a cup of coffee.
He had it after his lunch. A. has, had
B. did, have D. is, having
C. does, have A. cleans
( ) 5. The room is very tidy. Who __________ is?
B. clean
D. cleaned
C. has cleaned
( ) 6. A: Do you want to have lunch with us?
B: I __________ already __________ my lunch. Thank you. A. have, had C. have, has A. a mess C. the mess
B. has, had D. have, have B. mess D. an mess
( ) 7. Excuse __________. The room is very untidy.
( ) 8. They are going to have a holiday tomorrow, but they _______not __________their suitcases yet.
A. are, packing C. did, pack A. Did, do; did
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B. have, packed
D. do, pack.
( ) 9.---- __________ you __________ your homework yet? ----Yes, I __________ it a moment ago.
B. Have, done; have done C. Have, done, did D. Will, do; do
( ) 10. This is a good film. I __________ it twice.
A. have seen C. saw A. about C. to A. yet
B. see
D. am going to see B. of D. with B. still D. even B. to pack D. packed
( ) 11. My mother is afraid __________ dogs.
( ) 13. I have __________had my holiday this year. I stayed at home.
C. already A. pack
( ) 14. The bus was __________ with noisy school children.
C. packing
B: Yes.
A: When __________they __________ back? B: Sorry, I don’t know.
B. do, come
D. are, coming
( ) 15. A: Have they come back from Canada?
A. did, come C. have, come
四、 句型转换
1. Tom wants to have lunch with us. (就划线部分提问) __________ __________ Tom want to __________? 2. I have already had my lunch. (变成一般疑问句） __________ you __________ your lunch __________? 3. John had a cup of coffee after lunch. (就划线部分提问) __________ __________ John __________ a cup of coffee? 4. He has had his holiday this year. (就划线部分提问) __________ has he __________ this year? 5. He has just done his homework. (变为同义句) He __________ his homework __________ now. 6. Let’s go into the living-room.(变为同义句) __________ __________ going into the living room? 7. You are lucky to have a holiday (变为同义句) It is __________ for you __________ have a holiday. 8. I have already had my lamb. (变为否定句)
I __________ not __________ my lamb __________.
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9. This room is not tidy. (变为同义句) This room is very __________ .
10. We can have our coffee in the living room. (就划线部分提问)
__________can we __________ our coffee?
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