2014年山东大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2014年山东大学考博英语真题试卷 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. Structure and Vocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. Writing

Structure and Vocabulary

1． Most good writers use every means at their______to make the reader’s way smooth and easy.

A．will B．disposal C．request

D．convenience

正确答案：B 解析：固定搭配。没有at one’s will的搭配，而是at will“任意，随意”；at one’s disposal“可自行支配”；at one’s request“应某人请求”；at one’s convenience“在某人方便时”。根据句意，只有B项符合题意。

2． John was so______in his book that he did not hear the doorbell ring. A．engaged B．occupied C．absorbed D．concentrated

正确答案：C

解析：近义词辨析。absorbed“全神贯注的”，只用于表示精力的集中，多用作表语，有be absorbed in(全神贯注于)这样一个搭配；concentrated“决心要做的，全力以赴的，集中的，密集的，浓缩的”，多用作定语。concentrated表示精力的集中之意时，侧重于表示决心。根据句中的was so的结构，absorbed更符合句意。故答案为C。

3． Too much______to X-rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body.

A．exposure B．disclosure C．contact D．connection

正确答案：B 解析：固定搭配。exposure“暴露，揭露”，与介词to连用，意为“暴露于……中”，符合题意。manifestation“表示，显明”，revelation“泄露，启示”，attachment“连接物；附件”，这三项都不符合题意。故答案为B。

4． And we maintain a reflexive, ______ affection for Uncle Ralph, the boring fellow with interminable stories of a time we never knew.

A．hateful B．distanced C．loving

D．close glaring

正确答案：B

解析：形容词辨析。根据空格前的形容词reflexive(反射式的)判定，空格应填入中性的形容词。选项中，只有distanced(疏远的)符合要求。故答案B。

5． ______a delay, the train will arrive in Shanghai at 6:30 a. m. A．Except B．Barring C．Apart from D．On account of

正确答案：B

解析：介词词义辨析。根据句意，前半句表示一种假设，“倘若……”，选项中只有Barring符合句意，意为“倘若不误点的话……”。故答案为B。英语中有一部分介词，如including，during，accordingto，past等，是从动词的分词(多为现在分词)形式转变而来，因此，被称之为分词介词。

6． If something very substantial is not done next month, he cannot______his office.

A．obtain B．secure C．have D．retain

正确答案：D

解析：动词词义辨析。根据句中If…is not done…，he cannot…双重否定表达，判定此处的意思是“保住职位”。选项中，只有retain符合句意。故答案为D。

7． Stores and supermarkets have been______with each other to attract customers.

A．striving B．vying

C．conquering D．sprouting

正确答案：B

解析：动词词义辨析。striving“奋斗；力争”，与介词for搭配；vying的动词原形为vie“使针锋相对；提出……来竞争；以……作较量”，与介词with搭配；conquering“战胜，征服”，一般为及物动词；sprouting“使发芽；使萌芽”。根据空格后的介词with和句意判断只有vying符合要求。故答案为B。

8． The boy was very naughty, his mother______punishment to make him obey. A．took advantage B．made use C．resorted to D．turned for

正确答案：C

解析：动词词组辨析。took advantage“利用”，后接of；made use“利用”，后接of；resorted to“诉诸……，采取措施”；turned for“逆转，转变”。本句要表达妈妈用惩罚的方式让淘气的孩子规矩一些的意思，故答案为C。

9． If the heavy rain had______an extreme high tide, serious flooding would have resulted.

A．happened to B．occurred to C．coincided with D．turned out

正确答案：C 解析：动词词组辨析。happened to“碰巧”；occurred to“想到；想起”；coincided with“符合；与……相一致”；turned out“发生；最后是；结果是”。根据句意“如果大雨和海啸一起出现的话，就会引起严重的洪水”，只有coincided with符合。故答案为C。

10． The criminal was told he would be______from punishment if he said what he knew about the murder.

A．immune B．immigrant C．imminent D．infallible

正确答案：A

解析：形容词词义辨析。根据if条件句提供的语境，此处表示“免除惩罚”，be immune from为固定搭配，符合要求。故答案为A。

11． It is hard to tell whether we are going to have a______in the economy or a recession.

A．concession B．boom

C．transmission D．submission

正确答案：B

解析：名词词义辨析。根据句中的whether…or结构判断，空格应填入与recession意思相反的名词。选项中，boom意为“繁荣”，符合句意。故答案为B。

12． There is no______evidence that the diplomatic relations will be restored to normal between these two countries.

A．tangible B．touchable C．noticeable D．inevitable

正确答案：A 解析：形容词词义辨析。选项中的形容词只有能tangible与evidence构成“形容词+名词”的搭配，意为“确凿的证据”。故答案为A。

13． The mountain peak is______on the horizon. A．straddling B．overlooking C．towering D．dominant

正确答案：D

解析：固定搭配。be dominant on意为“占主导”，此处意为“山峰耸立于海平线上”。故答案为D。

14． All the investors in stocks must be______to the risks in such investment. A．realistic B．alert

C．accessible D．awake

正确答案：B

解析：形容词词义辨析。考生根据题干后半部分的内容the risks判断，空格填入的形容词应与risks对应，对比选项，只有alert符合句意，且能与to构成be alert to固定搭配。故答案为B。

15． The excursion will give you an even deeper______into our language and culture.

A．inquiry

B．investigation C．input

D．insight

正确答案：D

解析：固定搭配。give an insight into为固定搭配，意为“有机会深入；提供一个深入了解”。故答案为D。

16． The Prime Minister denied that the president______any information about the transfer and transaction of the nuclear weapons in North Korea.

A．kept silent about B．was privy to

C．was knowledgeable about D．had a stake in

正确答案：B 解析：动词词组辨析。kept silent about“保持沉默”；was privy to“参与；对……知情”；wasknowledgeable about“对……熟悉”；had a stake in“与……利害攸关”。根据句中的denied判定，只有B项符合要求。

17． ______there was not a soul around except some cars passing occasionally. A．Over night B．At dusk

C．In the dead of night D．Fortnight

正确答案：C

解析：词组短语辨析。over night“过夜”；at dusk“傍晚；黄昏时刻”；in the dead of night“夜深人静之时”；fortnight“两星期”。根据句中的there was not a soul判定，没人的时间应该是夜深人静的时候，只有C项符合逻辑。

18． With facilities worth 30 to 50 billion dollars and 9,000 miles of roads in the national______ park system alone, keeping up with needed repairs is.

A．overwhelming B．appalling C．dominant D．appealing

正确答案：B

解析：形容词词义辨析。根据题干中30 to 50 billion dollars，9，000 miles提供的信息，此处是指这个park system巨大的花费是令人吃惊的，只有appalling(可怕的；令人震惊的)符合要求。故答案为B。

19． The career I have chosen______opportunities yet it is fraught with heartbreak, despair and hardship.

A．is laden with

B．is lack of

C．is burdened with D．is in want of

正确答案：A

解析：动词词组辨析。根据句中的opportunities与heartbreak，despair and hardship意思相对，以及yet的转折意思判断，空格应填入与is fraught with(对……充满)意思相近的词组。选项中的is ladenwith意为“满载，充满”。故答案为A。

20． Science is based on experiment, on a willingness to______old dogma, on an openness to see the universe as it really is.

A．encounter B．convert C．challenge D．formulate

正确答案：C

解析：动词词义辨析。根据句中的experiment，willingness，openness，really判断，空格应填入与see同类的动词。选项中，只有challenge(挑战)符合句意。故答案为C。

21． In the process of development we should______heart that social life is based on exchange.

A．take from B．take to C．take for D．take in

正确答案：D

解析：动词词组辨析。take from“降低；减少”；take to“喜欢；走向；开始从事”；take for“认为；以为”；take in“吸收；领会；理解”。根据空格后的heart判断，只有take in能与之搭配。故答案为D。

22． What makes basketball the most______of sports is how these styles do not necessarily clash.

A．aspiring B．intriguing C．conspiring D．famous

正确答案：B

解析：动名词词义辨析。根据句中的do not necessarily clash可知，空格处应填入褒义词，且能修饰sports。选项中intriguing，famous为褒义词，但只有intriguing(有趣)符合句意。故答案为B。

23． She is too shy to ask a stranger the time, ______speak to a room of people. A．much less B．much more C．still more D．more or less

正确答案：B

解析：副词词组辨析。根据句中too…to…的否定结构判定，a stranger与a room of people对比。此处的意思：连向stranger问时间都不能，更何况是一屋子的人。故答案为B(何况)。

24． A balance used for weighing drugs or jewels must be a______instrument, but this would be quite unsuitable for weighing coal, sand or blocks of stone.

A．distinction B．correction C．precaution D．precision

正确答案：D

解析：形容词词义辨析。balance为名词，意为“天平”，选项中的形容词只有precision(精确的)能与instrument(仪器)搭配。故答案为D。

25． Motorcyclists should wear helmets to______them from injury. A．save B．shield C．shelter D．defend

正确答案：B 解析：动词词义辨析。save意为“使……免于受到……的损伤、损失或毁坏”；shield指用某种手段作为防御工具以防危险或伤害，侧重防止迫在眉睫的攻击或伤害；shelter通常指寻找安全地方躲避风雨或使人免遭危害；defend指用武力或其他措施使人或物不受损害，消除危险。用作比喻时，指坚持某种行动、决定或意见。根据句中的helmets(头盔)判断，shield符合要求。故答案为B。

26． ______what has been said, it is unlike that population growth will be halted, either in the developed or in the undeveloped world.

A．In view of B．On behalf of C．For the sake of

D．With the exception of

正确答案：A

解析：介词词组辨析。in view of“鉴于；考虑到”；on behalf of“代表；为了”；for the sake of“由于，因为”；with the exception of“除了……以外”。选项中只有in view of能与空格后的what hasbeen said搭配。故答案为A。

27． This new book has received several reviews since its publication; but none of them have made a just______of the book.

A．calculation B．evaluation C．profit D．register

正确答案：B

解析：名词词义辨析。根据句中的but判定，空格应填入与reviews意思相近的名词。选项中，evaluation意为“评估；估价”，符合句意。故答案为B。

28． The spy gave General Washington a______report on enemy activities. A．confident B．influential C．confidential D．substantial

正确答案：C

解析：同根词辨析。confident和confidential为同根词，均为名词confidence的派生形容词，但confident表示“自信的”；而confidential表示“机密的”。根据句中spy，enemy activities提供的语境，只有confidential符合句意。故答案为

C． 29． Henry’s news report covering the conference was so______that nothing had been omitted.

A．comprehensive B．comprehensible C．understanding D．understandable

正确答案：A 解析：近义形容词辨析。comprehensive“完全的，无所不包的”；comprehensible“能懂的，可以理解的”；understandable“可以理解的”，主要用来指人的行为。understanding用来指人时，表示善于理解别人或别人问题的(人)。根据句子的主语为人，可以修饰主语的形容词的只有comprehensive，意为“报道非常全面”。故答案为A。

30． In Scotland, as in the rest of the United Kingdom, ______schooling begins at age 5 and ends at age 16.

A．compelling

B．forced C．obliged D．compulsory

正确答案：D

解析：固定用法。compulsory schooling为固定用法，意为“义务教育”。故答案为D。

Cloze

The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases【C1】______the trial of Rosemary West. In a significant【C2】______of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a【C3】______bill that will propose making payments to witnesses【C4】______and will strictly control the amount of【C5】______that can be given to a case【C6】______a trial begins. In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee, Lord Irvine said he【C7】______with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not【C8】______sufficient control.【C9】______of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a【C10】______of media protest when he said the【C11】______of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges【C12】______to parliament. The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which【C13】______the European convention on Human Rights legally【C14】______in Britain, laid down that everybody was【C15】______to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families. “ Press freedoms will be in safe hands【C16】______our British judges,” he said. Witness payments became an【C17】______after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were【C18】______to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised【C19】______witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to【C20】______guilty verdicts.

31． 【C1】 A．as to

B．for instance C．in particular D．such as

正确答案：D

解析：语法知识。as to“关于”，可以与连接词、连接代词或“连接副词+不定式”或名词连用；forinstance“例如”，置于句中时前后应用逗号分开；in particular(=especially)“尤其是”。such as表示举例，“像……这样的；诸如……这类”，且无逗号。综上所述，从结构和语义上看，such as符合要求，故答案为D。

32． 【C2】 A．tightening B．intensifying C．focusing D．fastening

正确答案：A

解析：固定搭配。tightening(使坚固，变紧)与controls构成固定搭配。故答案为A。

33． 【C3】 A．sketch B．rough

C．preliminary D．draft

正确答案：D

解析：近义词辨析。sketch“草图，素描”，通常指画家所做的草图或指简单的计划；rough“粗糙的，粗鲁的”，主要指物体表面凹凸不平或某人言谈举止比较粗鲁；preliminary“初步的，预备的”，通常指某些重大行动或重要问题的前期、初步准备；draft“草案，草稿”，draft bill是惯用搭配。根据题意，bill是指在立法机关未通过之前，由立法委员会提出的法律草案，与draft构成搭配。故答案为D。

34． 【C4】 A．illogical B．illegal

C．improbable D．improper

正确答案：B

解析：形近词辨析。选项中的形容词均以il一，im一开头，但词义不同。illogical“不合逻辑的”；illegal“不合法的”；improbable“未必会的，不太可能的”；improper“不适当的”。根据题意，makingpayments to witnesses(向证人付款)显然是不合法的行为，故答案为B。

35． 【C5】 A．publicity B．penalty C．popularity D．peculiarity

正确答案：A

解析：名词词义辨析。根据上下文语义，此处是指“严格控制案件的宣传量”。选项中，publicity(宣传，宣扬)符合语义。故答案为A。peculiarity意为“独特性；特色”。

36． 【C6】 A．since B．if C．before D．as

正确答案：C

解析：介词词义辨析。由上题可知，本处是指“在庭审开始前”，before符合要求。故答案为C。

37． 【C7】 A．sided B．shared C．complied D．agreed

正确答案：D

解析：动词词义辨析。根据上下文，此处是指Lord Irvine“同意”当年委员会的报告，agree与with搭配，意为“同意；赞成”。故答案为D。

38． 【C8】 A．present B．offer C．manifest D．indicate

正确答案：B 解析：动词词义辨析。present“呈递，提出”，其用法为present sb．with sth．或present sth．to sb．；offer有“主动提出，提供”的意思；manifest“表明，征服”；indicate“指示；暗示”。此处是指“自我管制未能提供足够的控制力”。故答案为B。

39． 【C9】 A．Release B．Publication C．Printing D．Exposure

正确答案：B

解析：名词词义辨析。publication“发表，公开”，正好与letter搭配，指“那

封信的发表”。故答案为B。release主要指释放犯人或免除某项义务。

40． 【C10】 A．storm B．rage C．flare D．flash

正确答案：A

解析：storm指政治、市场方面的动荡，风暴；rage通常指人在失控时的爆发的愤怒；flare主要指火光或灯光的闪耀；flash主要指雷电或想法、念头的突然闪现；选项中与media protest(新闻媒体的抗议)相符合的只有storm。故答案为A。

41． 【C11】 A．translation B．interpretation C．exhibition D．demonstration

正确答案：B 解析：名词词义辨析。translation“翻译”；interpretation“解释；阐明”；exhibition“展览”；demonstration“表明；论证”。根据语义，“隐私权由法官解释而不是由议会解释”。故答案为B。

42． 【C12】 A．better than B．other than C．rather than D．sooner than

正确答案：C 解析：词组辨析。better than“比……更好”；other than“不同于；除了”；rather than“而不是”；sooner than“比……更早；比……更快”。只有rather than符合语义。故答案为C。

43． 【C13】 A．changes B．makes C．sets D．turns

正确答案：B 解析：动词词义辨析。结合下一空可知，这里考查的是“动词+名词(或代词)+

形容词”这一固定结构。选项中，只有make和turn属于这类动词，而根据上下文意，make为最佳选择。故答案为B。

44． 【C14】 A．binding B．convincing C．restraining D．sustaining

正确答案：A

解析：动词词义辨析。make…binding的意思是“使……具有约束力”，与上下文相符合。故答案为A。

45． 【C15】 A．authorized B．credited C．entitled D．qualified

正确答案：C 解析：动词词义辨析。be authorized to do sth．“被授权做某事”；be credited to sth．“归因于……”；beentitled to sth．“有权得到……”，be entitled to privacy是指“给予隐私权”。故答案为C。

46． 【C16】 A．with B．to C．from D．by

正确答案：A

解析：固定搭配。be in safe hands with sb．／sth．“因为有某人负责，……会很安全”，为固定搭配。故答案为A。

47． 【C17】 A．impact B．incident C．inference D．issue

正确答案：D

解析：名词词义辨析。impact“影响；冲击；冲突”；incident“小事件；插曲”；inference“推论；推理”；issue“问题；辩论”。选项中，只有issue符合题意。故答案为D。

48． 【C18】 A．stated B．remarked C．said D．told

正确答案：C

解析：固定搭配。be said to do sth．为固定用法，意为“据说做了某事”。故答案为C。

49． 【C19】 A．what B．when C．which D．that

正确答案：D

解析：语法知识。that做连词引导同位语从句，说明先行词concerns。故答案为D。

50． 【C20】 A．assure B．confide C．ensure D．guarantee

正确答案：C

解析：选项中，只有ensure能与guilty verdicts搭配。故答案为C。

Reading Comprehension

When we worry about who might be spying on our private lives, we usually think about the Federal agents. But the private sector outdoes the government every time. It’s Linda Tripp, not the FBI, who is facing charges under Maryland’s laws against secret telephone taping. It’s our banks, not the Internal Revenue Service(IRS), that pass our private financial data to telemarketing firms. Consumer activists are pressing Congress for better privacy laws without much result so far. The legislators lean toward letting business people track our financial habits virtually at will. As an example of what’s going on, consider U. S. Bancorp, which was recently sued for deceptive practices by the state of Minnesota. According to the lawsuit, the bank supplied a telemarketer called MemberWorks with sensitive customer data such as names, phone numbers, bank-account and credit-card numbers, Social Security numbers, account balances and credit limits. With these customer lists in hand,

MemberWorks started dialing for dollars-selling dental plans, videogames, computer software and other products and services. Customers who accepted a “ free trial offer” had 30 days to cancel. If the deadline passed, they were charged automatically through their bank or credit-card accounts. U. S. Bancorp collected a share of the revenues. Customers were doubly deceived, the lawsuit claims. They, didn’t know that the bank was giving account numbers to MemberWorks. And if customers asked, they were led to think the answer was no. The state sued MemberWorks separately for deceptive selling. The company denies that it did anything wrong. For its part, U. S. Bancorp settled without admitting any mistakes. But it agreed to stop exposing its customers to nonfinancial products sold by outside firms. A few top banks decided to do the same. Many other banks will still do business with MemberWorks and similar firms. And banks will still be mining data from your account in order to sell you financial products, including things of little value, such as credit insurance and credit-card protection plans. You have almost no protection from businesses that use your personal accounts for profit. For example, no federal law shields “transaction and experience” information—mainly the details of your bank and credit-card accounts. Social Security numbers are for sale by private firms. They’ve generally agreed not to sell to the public. But to businesses, the numbers are an open book. Self-regulation doesn’t work. A firm might publish a privacy-protection policy, but who enforces it? Take U. S. Bancorp again. Customers were told, in writing, that “ all personal information you supply to us will be considered confidential”. Then it sold your data to MemberWorks. The bank even claims that it doesn’t “sell” your data at all. It merely “shares” it and reaps a profit. Now you know.

51． Contrary to popular belief, the author finds that spying on people’s privacy______.

A．is practiced exclusively by the FBI B．is more prevalent in business circles

C．has been intensified with the help of the IRS D．is mainly carried out by means of secret taping

正确答案：B

解析：细节事实题。根据题干关键词spying on people’s privacy定位到原文首段首句，题干中的popular belief与原文中的we usually think对应。原文中首段尾句中的our banks，not the InternalRevenue Service(IRS)，that pass our private financial data to telemarketing firms被选项B概括为business circle；outdoes the government every time与选项B中的is more prevalent对应。故答案为B。

52． We know from the passage that______.

A．the state of Minnesota is considering drawing up laws to protect private information

B．most states are turning a blind eye to the deceptive practices of private businesses

C．legislators are acting to pass a law to provide better privacy protection

D．lawmakers are inclined to give a free hand to businesses to inquire into customers’ buying habits

正确答案：D

解析：细节事实题。第二段尾句legislators与选项D中的law-maker对应。选项D中的are inclined to与原文中的lean toward对应，inquire into customer’s buying habits与原文中的track our financialhabits对应，give a free hand与原文中的virtually at will对应。故答案为D。

53． When the “free trial” deadline is over, you’ll be charged without notice for a product or service if______.

A．you happen to reveal your credit card number B．you fail to cancel it within the specified period C．you fail to apply for extension of the deadline D．you find the product or service unsatisfactory

正确答案：B

解析：细节事实题。根据关键词free trial定位到原文第四段的第二、三句。题干中without notice与原文第四段第三句中的automatically对应；选项B中的the specified period与原文第四段第二句中的30 days对应。故答案为B。

54． Businesses do not regard information concerning personal bank accounts as private because ______.

A．it is considered “transaction and experience” information unprotected by law B．it has always been considered an open secret by the general public C．its sale can be brought under control through self-regulation

D．its revelation will do no harm to consumers under the current protection policy

正确答案：B

解析：细节事实题。根据关键词businesses，personal bank accounts定位到文章第八段。首句提到企业利用你的个人账户获利，而你却几乎无法得到保护；再根据第八段第二、三句。综合判断，选项B(这些信息被(企业)认为是不被法律保护的“交易往来”信息)正确。

55． We can infer from the passage that______.

A．banks will have to change their ways of doing business B．free trial practice will eventually be banned C．privacy protection laws will soon be enforced D．consumers’ privacy will continue to be invaded

正确答案：D

解析：细节推断题。文章谈到现行法律对消费者没什么保护，当然消费者的

利益会被继续侵犯，这与选项D相符。故答案为D。

Whether the eyes are “the windows of the soul” is debatable, that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a fact. During the first two months of a baby’s life, the stimulus that produces a smile is a pair of eyes. The eyes need not be real: a mask with two dots will produce a smile. Significantly, a real human face with eyes covered will not motivate a smile, nor will the sight of only one eye when the face is presented in profile. This attraction to eyes as opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures. In one study, when American four-year-olds were asked to draw people, 75 percent of them drew people with mouths, but 99 percent of them drew people with eyes. In Japan, however, where babies are carried on their mother’s back, infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures. As a result, Japanese adults make little use of the face either to encode or decode meaning. In fact, Argyle reveals that the “proper place to focus one’s gaze during a conversation in Japan is on the neck of one’s conversation partner”. The role of eye contact in a conversational exchange between two Americans is well defined: speakers make contact with the eyes of their listener for about one second, then glance away as they talk; in a few moments they re-establish eye contact with the listener or reassure themselves that their audience is still attentive, then shift their gaze away once more. Listeners, meanwhile, keep their eyes on the face of the speaker, allowing themselvesto glance away only briefly. It is important that they be looking at the speaker at the precise moment when the speaker reestablishes eye contact: if they are not looking, the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the conversation. Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow becomes evident when two speakers are wearing dark glasses: there may be a sort of traffic jam of words caused by interruption, false starts, and unpredictable pauses.

56． The author is convinced that the eyes are______.

A．of extreme importance in expressing feelings and exchanging ideas B．something through which one can see a person’s inner world C．of considerable significance in making conversations interesting D．something the value of which is largely a matter of long debate

正确答案：A

解析：细节事实题。原文首段首句中的intensely important与选项A中的extreme importance对应；原文中的interpersonal communication与选项A中的expressing feelings and exchanging ideas同义，即眼睛在人际交往中起着十分重要的作用，这是无可争辩的事实。故答案为A。

57． Babies will not be stimulated to smile by a person______. A．whose front view is fully perceived

B．whose face is covered with a mask C．whose face is seen from the side D．whose face is free of any covering

正确答案：C

解析：细节事实题。根据题干关键词smile定位到原文首段第二、三和四句。A、B、D中所提到的几种人都可能逗婴儿笑。C项内容与第四句后半句will the sight of only one eye when the face ispresented in profile(脸侧对着孩子的人不会引起婴儿发笑)相符。故答案为C。

58． According to the passage, the Japanese fix their gaze on their conversation partner’s neck because______.

A．they don’t like to keep their eyes on the face of the speaker B．they need not communicate through eye contact C．they don’t think it polite to have eye contact

D．they didn’t have much opportunity to communicate through eye contact in babyhood

正确答案：D

解析：细节事实题。根据题干关键词Japanese，partner’s neck与原文首段尾句中的Japan，on the neckof one’s conversation partner对应，据此定位。其原因在上一句。原文中的not acquire as much…as与选项D中的didn’t have much opportunity对应；attachment to eyes与选项D中的opportunity tocommunicate through eye对应；babies与选项D中的babyhood对应。故答案为D。

59． According to the passage, a conversation between two Americans may break down due to______.

A．one temporarily glancing away from the other B．eye contact of more than one second C．improperly-timed ceasing of eye contact D．constant adjustment of eye contact

正确答案：C 解析：细节推理题。原文尾段第三句提到：当讲话人恢复与你的目光接触时，听话人一定要看着讲话人，否则人家会以为你对讲话不感兴趣而终止讲话，或者等到恢复目光接触后再讲下去。故答案为C。

60． To keep a conversation flowing smoothly, it is better for the participants______.

A．not to wear dark spectacles B．not to make any interruptions

C．not to glance away from each other D．not to make unpredictable pauses

正确答案：A

解析：事实细节题。根据题干关键词conversation flowing smoothly与原文尾段尾句中的maintenance ofconversational flow对应，据此定位。原文中的wearing dark glasses与选项A中的wear darkspectacles对应，接着提到戴墨镜会带来的问题，所以最好不要带。故答案为A。

A few common misconceptions. Beauty is only skin-deep. One’s physical assets and liabilities don’t count all that much in a managerial career. A woman should always try to look her best. Over the last 30 years, social scientists have conducted more than 1,000 studies of how we react to beautiful and not-so-beautiful people. The virtually unanimous conclusion: Looks do matter, more than most of us realize. The data suggest, for example, that physically attractive individuals are more likely to be treated well by their parents, sought out as friends, and pursued romantically. With the possible exception of women seeking managerial jobs, they are also more likely to be hired, paid well, and promoted. Once again, the scientists have caught us mouthing pieties(虔诚)while acting just the contrary. Their typical experiment works something like this. They give each member of a group-college students, or teachers or corporate personnel mangers—a piece of paper relating an individual’s accomplishments. Attached to the paper is a photograph. While the papers all say exactly the same thing the pictures are different. Some show a strikingly attractive person, some an average-looking character, and some an unusually unattractive human being. Group members are asked to rate the individual on certain attributes, anything from personal warmth to the likelihood that he or she will be promoted. Almost invariably, the better looking the person in the picture, the higher the person is rated. In the phrase, borrowed from Sappho, that the social scientists use to sum up the common perception, what is beautiful is good. In business, however, good looks cut both ways for women, and deeper than for men. A Utah State University professor, who is an authority on the subject, explains: In terms of their careers, the impact of physical attractiveness on males is only modest. But its potential impact on females can be tremendous, making it easier, for example, for the more attractive to get jobs where they are in the public eye. On another note, though, there is enough literature now for us to conclude that attractive women who aspire(追求)to managerial positions do not get on as well as women who may be less attractive.

61． According to the passage, people often wrongly believe that in pursuing a career as a manager ______.

A．a person’s property or debts do not matter much

B．a person’s outward appearance is not a critical qualification C．women should always dress fashionably

D．women should not only be attractive but also high-minded

正确答案：B

解析：细节事实题。文章第一段讲到人们普遍存在的错误的想法，认为美是

肤浅的。在管理层职位上一个人的外表不是那么重要，而实际上外表是一项很重要的条件。并且文中第二段第二句有Looksdo matter，more than most of us realize，与选项B的意思相符。故答案为B。

62． The result of research carried out by social scientists show that______. A．people do not realize the importance of looking one’s best

B．women in pursuit of managerial jobs are not likely to be paid well C．goodlooking women aspire to managerial positions

D．attractive people generally have an advantage over those who are not

正确答案：D

解析：细节推理题。根据题干中的The result of research与原文第四段中的Sappho，that the socialscientists对应，据此定位。由第四段可知，外表越漂亮的人，排名越靠前，并得出美的就是好的。故答案为D。

63． Experiments by scientists have shown that when people evaluate individuals on certain attributes______.

A．they observe the principle that beauty is only skin-deep B．they do not usually act according to the views they support C．they give ordinary-looking persons the lowest ratings

D．they tend to base their judgment on the individual’s accomplishments

正确答案：B

解析：细节事实题。根据题干关键词Experiments by scientists定位到原文第三段第一句。原文中的mouthing pieties与选项B中的the views they support对应；原文中的acting与选项B中的act为同根词；原文中的just the contrary与选项B中的do not usually对应。故答案为B。

64． “Good looks cut both ways for women”(Line 1, Para. 5)means that______. A．attractive women have tremendous potential impact on public jobs B．goodlooking women always get the best of everything C．being attractive is not always an advantage for women

D．attractive women do not do as well as unattractive women in managerial positions

正确答案：C

解析：语义题。根据题干信息定位到原文尾段首句。从下文的解释得知：根据犹他州立大学教授的解释：影响一方面是指外表有吸引力的女性更容易获得职业的成功，另一方面的影响是指人们又很容易产生误会，即外表有吸引力的管理层女性不如外表一般的女性工作出色。这与选项C(对女性来说外表有吸引力并不总是优势)意思相符。

65． It can be inferred from the passage that in the business world______.

A．handsome men are not affected as much by their looks as attractive women

are

B．physically attractive women who are in the public eye usually do quite well C．physically attractive men and women who are in the public eye usually get along quite well

D．good looks are important for women as they are for men

正确答案：A

解析：细节推理题。从文章最后一段可知，外表对女性的影响是两方面的，并且在事业上外表对女性的影响要比其对男性的影响深得多，大得多，可知外貌对男性的影响只是一般。故答案为A。

Reebok executives do not like to hear their stylish athletic shoes called “ footwear for yuppies(雅皮士，少壮高薪职业人士)”. They contend that Reebok shoes appeal to diverse market segments, especially now that the company offers basketball and children’s shoes for the under-18 set and walking shoes for older customers not interested in aerobics(健身操)or running. The executives also point out that through recent acquisitions they have added hiking boots, dress and casual shoes, and high-performance athletic footwear to their product lines, all of which should attract new and varied groups of customers. Still, despite its emphasis on new markets, Reebok plans few changes in the upmarket(高档消费人群)retailing network that helped push sales to $ 1 billion annually, ahead of all other sports shoe marketers. Reebok shoes, which are priced from $ 27 to $ 85, will continue to be sold only in better specialty, sporting goods, and department stores, in accordance with the company’s view that consumers judge the quality of the brand by the quality of its distribution. In the past few years, the Massachusetts-based company has imposed limits on the number of its distributors(and the number of shoes supplied to stores), partly out of necessity. At times the unexpected demand for Reebok’s exceeded supply, and the company could barely keep up with orders from the dealers it already had. These fulfillment problems seem to be under control now, but the company is still selective about its distributors. At present, Reebok shoes are available in about five thousand retail stores in the United States. Reebok has already anticipated that walking shoes will be the next fitness-related craze, replacing aerobics shoes the same way its brightly colored, soft leather exercise footwear replaced conventional running shoes. Through product diversification and careful market research, Reebok hopes to avoid the distribution problems Nike came across several years ago, when Nike misjudged the strength of the aerobics shoe craze and was forced to unload huge inventories of running shoes through discount stores.

66． One reason why Reebok’s managerial personnel don’t like their shoes to be called “footwear for yuppies” is that______.

A．they believe that their shoes are popular with people of different age groups B．new production lines have been added to produce inexpensive shoes C．yuppies usually evokes a negative image

D．the term makes people think of prohibitive prices

正确答案：A

解析：细节事实题。根据题干关键词footwear for yuppies定位到原文首段首句。首段开头就指出管理者们不喜欢他们生产的鞋被称为“雅皮士的鞋”，接下来列举了他们针对不同客户群开发出来的多种多样的产品，并在尾句做了总结，其中attract与选项A中的are popular with对应；原文中的newand varied groups of customers与选项A中的different age groups对应，说明他们的产品是多样的，不是单一的。故答案为A。

67． Reebok’s view that “ consumers judge the quality of the brand by the quality of its distribution”(Line 5, Para. 2)implies that______.

A．the quality of a brand is measured by the service quality of the store selling it B．the quality of a product determines the quality of its distributors C．the popularity of a brand is determined by the stores that sell it

D．consumers believe that first-rate products are only sold by high-quality stores

正确答案：D

解析：细节事实题。根据题干信息定位到原文第二段尾句。第二段主要阐述Reebok(锐步)对upmarket(高级市场)的销售网并未做过多改变，其策略是Reebok shoes will continue to besold only in better specialty，sporting goods，and department stores(继续面向高档的专卖店、体育用品店和商场)，它的这种做法基于它的认识：消费者认为高档商店里出售的一定是高质量的商品。故答案为D。

68． Reebok once had to limit the number of its distributors because______. A．its supply of products fell short of demand B．too many distributors would cut into its profits

C．the reduction of distributors could increase its share of the market D．it wanted to enhance consumer confidence in its products

正确答案：A

解析：细节推理题。根据题干关键词limit the number of its distributors与原文第三段首句对应定位。原文中partly out of necessity的意思是“部分原因是出于需要”。后一句说明当时的市场情况是需大于供。故答案为A。

69． Although the Reebok Company has solved the problem of fulfilling its orders, it______.

A．does not want to further expand its retailing network B．still limits the number of shoes supplied to stores C．is still particular about who sells its products

D．still carefully chooses the manufacturers of its products

正确答案：C

解析：细节事实题。根据题干信息solved，the problem of fulfilling分别与

fulfillment problems，beunder control对应定位。选项C中的who sells its products指的就是原文中的distributor，而is stillparticular about与原文中的still selective同义。故答案为C。

70． What lesson has Reebok learned from Nike’s distribution problems? A．A company should not sell its high quality shoes in discount stores. B．A company should not limit its distribution network. C．A company should do follow-up surveys of its products. D．A company should correctly evaluate the impact of a new craze on the market.

正确答案：D

解析：细节归纳题。根据题干关键词Nike(耐克)定位到原文尾段。尾段提到Nike公司正是由于当时错误地判断了健身鞋流行的程度而导致了老产品(running shoes)的积压而不得不打折销售——这是市场预测不准确导致的。故答案为D。

On the north bank of the Ohio river sits Evansville, Ind. , home of David Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino(a place where gambling games are played). During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor earning $35,000 a year, lost approximately $175,000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $ 20 worth of gambling. He visited the casino, lost the $20 and left. On his second visit he lost $800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a “Fun Card” , which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables me casino to track the user’s gambling activities. For Williams, those activities become what he calls “ electronic heroin”. 【R1】______. In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $ 72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat docked at 5 a. m. , then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a. m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem. In March 1998 a friend of Williams’s got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williams’s gambling problem. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a “cease admissions” letter. Noting the medical/psychological nature of problem gambling behavior, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being. 【R2】______. The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 24 signs warning: “Enjoy the fun... and always bet with your head, not over it. “ Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams’s suit charges that the casino, knowing he was “ helplessly addicted to gambling” , intentionally worked to “ lure” him to “ engage in conduct against his will”. Well. 【R3】______. The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling” involves persistent, recurring and

uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.

【R4】______. Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities. 【R5】______. Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on — you might say addicted to — revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gamblers’ dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual casinos every week. With $3. 5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the Web’s most profitable business.A. Although no such evidence was presented, the casino’s marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.B. It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?C. By the time he had lost $ 5,000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $ 5, 500, but he did not quit.D. Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.E. David Williams’s suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don’t bet on it.F. It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.G. The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?

71． 【R1】

正确答案：C

解析：从前后文表达的语义来看，前文的首句表明了本段的主题。试题后面的句子是In 1997 he lost$21，000…，两者的侧重点都集中在lost(输钱)上，同是前后文中都出现了一些数字加以说明，因此从语义上判断，要填入的内容一定和此人输钱有关，同时选项中很可能会出现数字。对比选项，选项C中出现了$5，000和$5，500和前后文的数字形成照应。此外，从语义逻辑上看，试题所在的选项句和试题后面的一句其实是用具体的事实数据在描述David Williams的．赌瘾越来越大，两者的语义逻辑表达方向一致。故答案为C。

72． 【R2】

正确答案：A

解析：空格前面一句the letter said…his safety or well-being的主语是letter，letter后面的宾语从句讲的是letter的内容：David Williams在进入赌场之前要提交能证明不会对他的人身安全和财务造成威胁的信息。紧接着这句话的句子所表达的信息应当还要提及关于letter及其内容的信息，因此要填入的选项要表达这

一方面的内容，才能在语义上和上文连贯。比较选项可以发现，选项A中出现了letter的同义词mail，同时从内容上分析，选项A中的Although no such evidence was presented和上文中的he would have to present medical／psychological…语义上衔接紧密，语义连贯。故答案为A。

73． 【R3】

正确答案：B 解析：注意空格前文字中的lure(诱惑)和will(意愿)两词。“lure”him to“engage in conduct…”是这段话表述的重点，通过词汇复现方法可发现，选项B是对这一句话的补充和说明，里面同时出现了lure和will。故答案为B。

74． 【R4】

正确答案：F

解析：前句的diagnostic(诊断上的)与选项中的medicalize(医学化)以及空格后面的physical(身体上的)属于同一医学范畴。此外，选项中的defining as与空格后的reclassifying…as…是近义词表达法，都是表示“归类为，定义为”；选项中的weakness of will(意志上的弱点)和空格后句中的character flaws(性格的缺陷)是上下义词的关系，前者属于后者。故答案为F。

75． 【R5】

正确答案：D

解析：本题处于最后一段第一句话的位置，空格后面的Forty—four states…from wagering是一个具体例子，它所说明的问题正是要填入的内容。通过对比选项可知，选项D和下文的例子之间形成了总结例证的逻辑关系。故答案为D。

English-Chinese Translation 76． There was once a harmony town in this country where all life seemed to live in with its surroundings.

正确答案：该国曾有这样一座城镇，那里的生活与环境十分和谐。

77． The government has devoted a larger slice of its national budget to agriculture than most other countries.

正确答案：该政府用于农业的国家预算比许多其他国家都多。

78． If there were only a dozen or so air molecules in my kitchen, it would be likely if I waited a year or so—that at some point the six coldest ones would congregate inside the freezer.

正确答案：如果在厨房里只有十几个空气分子，那么我要等上一年左右，或许在某个时刻6个最冷的分子会聚集在冰箱里。

79． Instead of a global village, which is a nice dream but impossible to manage, we will have invented another world of self-contained communities that cater to their own member’s inclinations without interfering with anyone else.

正确答案：我们不是要建立一个梦寐以求又难以管理的全球村，而是要建立一个由各种独立的、不受外界影响的群体组成的世界，这些群体将投其所好，而又不干涉他人。

80． Its goal is to find out how the world works, to seek what regularities there may be, to penetrate to the connections of things—from subnuclear particles, which may be the constituents of all matter, to living organisms, the human social community, and thence to the cosmos as a whole.

正确答案：它的目的是弄清世界的运行机制，寻求其间可能存在的规律，洞察事物之间的联系——从构成一切物质的亚核粒子，到生物的有机体，人类社会群体，乃至整个宇宙。

Writing

81． Describe children surfing the net briefly and give your comments.

正确答案： Nowadays, the Internet is one of the most powerful tools throughout the world. The Internet is a collection of various services and resources for people. Almost all households have access to the Internet; however, before people connecting the Internet, they need to be aware of its disadvantages and advantages. Children of net users have become a big concern. Most parents do not realize the dangers involved when their children log onto the Internet. When children are online, they can easily be lured into something dangerous. When children talk to others online, they do not realize they could actually be talking to a harmful person. As a result, there have been many cases where children have been convinced to meet people they have talked with online. In addition, children may also receive pornography online by mistake; therefore, causing concern among parents everywhere. Whether surfing the Web, reading newsgroups, or using email, children can be exposed to extremely inappropriate material. Pornographic sites tend to make sure they are the first sites to be listed in any search area; thus, children come across such sites easily. We could control the issue from the following three aspects. First and foremost, parents are responsible for their own children on the Internet because there are available services to protect children. Further, to keep children safe, parents and teachers must be aware of the dangers. They must actively guide and guard their children online and should talk to children about what is online and what might happen online. In addition, the companies should develop a number of tools available

today that may help keep the Internet environment safer for children. In other words, children want to explore things; however, there are people on the Internet that are just too persuasive.