1、 make sure确定；确信；查明；弄清楚
(回归课本P11)Good teachers make sure that everyone in the class understands. 优秀老师确保每位学生都能理解他(她)的话。 【归纳总结】
①I think there is a train at 6 o’clock，but you’d better make sure. 我想6点钟有一班火车，但你最好查明白。
②You’d better make sure of the exact time of the arriving train. 你最好弄清楚火车到达的确切时间。 sure，certain
二者都可作表语，意为“确信的”，“对……有把握的”，“肯定的”等。多数情况下二者可以换用，但有时也有差异。
(1)sure的主语通常为指人的词；certain的主语既可以是指人的词，也可以是指事物的词。
(2)在祈使句中要用sure。在It is certain that...结构中certain不能换作sure。 ①It is now certain that he won the election. ②The evidence is certain. ③Be sure，not to be late.
④I am not sure/certain/whether I’ve met him before. 【易混辨析】
1．—It’s ________that our team will win the match. —Don’t be so ________. A．sure；certain C．sure；sure
B．certain；certain D．certain；sure
解析：选D。句意为：“我们队肯定会赢这场比赛。”“别那么肯定。” It’s certain that...表示“肯定…”，certain不能换作sure；祈使句中用sure不用certain，故答案为D。 2、as a result 结果
(回归课本P12)During scientific experiments，she explains exactly what is happening and as a result my work is improving.
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在科学实验中，她准确讲解了正在发生的反应，因此我的功课也在提高。 【归纳总结】as a result“因此，结果”副词短语，前面常跟一个表示原因的句子。 ①He was badly injured in the car accident. As a result，he couldn’t go to work. 他在车祸中严重受伤，因此，他不能上班了。
② As a result of the pilots’ strike, all flights have had to be cancelled. 由于飞行员罢工，所有航班都被迫取消了。 ③The accident resulted in three deaths. 那起事故导致3人死亡。
④His failure resulted from not working hard enough. 他的失败是由工作不够努力造成的。 【例句探源】
(高考全国卷Ⅱ)Jenny nearly missed the flight ________doing too much shopping. A．as a result of C．in front of
B．on top of D．in need of
解析：选A。句意是：Jenny 由于购物的时间太长而差一点儿就耽误了航班。根据前后部分的逻辑关系可知，此处要用as a result of 表示“由于”。on top of 在…顶端；in front of …前面；in need of 需要。
【链接】as a result of/ because of / thanks to/ owing to/ due to 因为、由于 result from 起因于，由……引起 result in 导致，造成 3、make progress with
.I feel I’m going to make progress with her.我感到在她班上我会取得进步的. Make a little/much/rapid progress with…在某方面取得一点/很大/迅速的进步。Progress是不可数名词。 例如：
I have made a lot of progress with my English. 我在英 语方面取得了很大的进步。 Have you made any progress with your study? 你在学习方面取得的进步了吗？ 4. tell jokes
He is really amusing and tells jokes when he thinks we’re getting bored. 当他认为我们厌烦的时候,他真的很有趣并给我们讲笑话.
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tell jokes 讲笑话（=tell a joke；no joke 不是儿戏；in joke 开玩笑地，不认真地；make a joke 讲笑话，开玩笑；play a joke on sb. 开某人的玩笑 例如： T he man often plays a joke on the stupid person. 那个人经常开那个傻子的玩笑。 5、would prefer
(回归课本P17) I’d prefer to do “Travel”.我愿意做“Travel” would prefer sth.想要某物 —Coffee or tea?要咖啡还是茶？
—I would prefer tea, thanks!我要茶，谢谢！
(2)would prefer (not) to do sth 宁愿(不)做某事，（不)想做某事 I would prefer not to think about it.我不想考虑此事。 (3) would prefer sb. (not) to do sth.宁愿某人(不)做某事
My mother would prefer me not to go out alone at night. 我妈妈不愿让我晚上一个人外出。
(4) would prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.宁愿做某事而不做某事 I would prefer to play basketball rather than go swimming. 我宁愿打篮球而不去游泳。 (5) would prefer + 从句 希望……
I would prefer that you didn’t mention my name. 我希望你没有提到我的名字。 【链接】
prefer doing sth. to doing sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事（to为介词） He prefers watching TV to going out for a walk. 他宁愿看电视而不愿出去散步。 6. would rather
I’d rather do “Life in the Future”.我愿意做“Life in the Future”。 (1) would rather (not) do sth.宁愿（不）做某事 Would you rather walk or take the bus? 你愿意步行还是坐公共汽车？ I would rather not take a trip with him.
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我宁愿不和他一起去旅行。
I would rather travel by myself.我宁愿自己旅行。
(2) would rather (not) have done sth.宁愿(没)做过某事(表示未实现） I would rather have been careless at that time. 我宁愿当时粗心点。（实际上没有粗心） I would rather not have seen her last night.
我宁愿昨天晚上没有见到她。（实际上见到她了）
(3) would rather +从句(从句中的谓语动词有两种情况:①用一般过去时，表示与现在或将来的情况相反;②用过去完成时，表示与过去的情况相反)宁愿…… I would rather you didn’t go out alone. 我宁愿你不是一个人出门。
They would rather I went there tomorrow. 他们宁愿我明天去那里。
1 would rather I hadn’t told him the news. 我宁愿我没有告诉他那条消息。
(4) would rather do sth. than do sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 I would rather die than apologize to Helen. 我宁可死也不会向海伦道歉。 7. be up to
it s up to you由你决定
(1) be up to sb.由某人决定;是某人的职责或义务;取决于某人 You can pay weekly or monthly—it’s up to you. 你可以每周或者每月付一次款，你自己决定。
(2) be up to sth. ( = be fit for sth. = be equal to sth.)能胜任某事 He’s not up to the job.他无法胜任这项工作。
(3) be up to sb.to do sth•应由某人做某事，由某人负责做某事 It’s up to you to choose where we should go. 该由你选择我们要去哪儿。
(4) up to(数目上)一直到，多达;（时间上)一直到， I can take up to four people in my car.
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我的汽车最多能带4个人。 【链接】
What’s up?怎么了？ up to/till...到 为止，直至
up to date最新式的 up to no good做坏事，做违法的事 【误区瞀示】注意be up to后接sb.和sth.的不同含义。 【考法提示】固定搭配及用于情景交际。 8. be true of （某种情况）适用于；对……适用
It is true of everybody. =So it is with everybody. = It is the same with everybody. The music is dull, and the same is true of the acting. 【链接】
be true to one’s words/ promise 信守诺言 come true 成为现实，实现……
be true to life 真实的，逼真的，活灵活现的 9. have problem/trouble with sth.
…but teachers can have big problems with discipline. 但是教师却会碰到纪律糟糕的问题.
have problem/trouble with sth. 在某方面有问题 例如：
Do you have any problems with your English study? 你在英语学习方面有什么困难吗？
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